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Sökning: WFRF:(Garcia Danilo 1973 ) > Sikström Sverker

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1.
  • Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al. (författare)
  • Creative utterances about person-centered care among future health care professionals are related to reward dependence rather than to a creative personality profile
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Heliyon. - : Elsevier. - 2405-8440. ; 5:3, s. 1-17
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Creativity can be defined as the creation of something that is novel, useful, and valuable for society (i.e., high-level creativity) and/or everyday life. In this context, people have implicit theories of creativity as being either nonmalleable (i.e., a fixed creative mindset) or malleable (i.e., a growth creative mindset). Our aim was twofold: (1) to test an improved creative mindset priming paradigm (i.e., adding high-level/everyday creativity perspectives and using an organizational important task) by assessing if participants used different ways to answer to the prime and (2) to analyse the relationship between personality and creative utterances regarding an important topic in participants ' future professions. Method: Students (N = 73) from different health care professions were randomly assigned to the non-malleable or malleable creative mindset priming paradigm (i.e., fixed vs. growth) and then asked to write about (a) their own creativity, (b) person-centered care in their professions (i.e., unusual use test), and to (c) self-rate their personality (Temperament and Character Inventory). We used natural language processing methods (i.e., Latent Semantic Algorithm) to analyse participants ' responses in the different conditions and also responses in relation to selfreported personality. Results: The fixed versus growth condition was predicted (r = .55, p < 0.0001), following Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons by participants' descriptions about creativity. Although the condition was not predicted (r = .07, p < 0.2755) by participants ' utterances about person-centered care, a t-test suggested that participants used words that were semantically different depending on the condition they were randomly assigned to (t(2371) = 5.82, p = .0000). For instance, participants in the growth condition used verbs more frequently, while those in the fixed condition used the personal pronoun I more often. Finally, only the temperament trait of reward dependence (r = .32, p < 0.01) predicted the person-centered care utterances. Conclusion: We argue that the paradigm successfully primed participants to write about creativity and person-centered care using narratives with different semantic content. However, individuals ' ambition to be socially accepted, rather than creative personality traits, elicited the utterances about person-centered care. The creative mindset priming paradigm presented here along language processing methods might be useful for measuring creative potential at work. We suggest that if health care personnel ' s notions of the activities related to care are generated from their drive to be socially accepted and not from a truly creative profile, the activities might be self-serving and not person-centered.
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2.
  • Al Nima, Ali, et al. (författare)
  • The ABC of happiness: Validation of the tridimensional model of subjective well-being (affect, cognition, and behavior) using Bifactor Polytomous Multidimensional Item Response Theory
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Heliyon. - : CELL PRESS. - 2405-8440. ; 10:2
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Happiness is often conceptualized as subjective well-being, which comprises people's evaluations of emotional experiences (i.e., the affective dimension: positive and negative feelings and emotions) and judgements of a self-imposed ideal (i.e., the cognitive dimension: life satisfaction). Recent research has established these two dimensions as primary parts of a higher order factor. However, theoretical, conceptual, and empirical work suggest that people's evaluations of harmony in their life (i.e., the sense of balance and capacity to behave and adapt with both acceptance and flexibility to inter- and intrapersonal circumstances) constitutes a third dimension (i.e., the behavioral dimension). This tridemensional conceptualization of subjective well-being has recently been verified using Unidimensional Item Response Theory (UIRT) and Classical Test Theory (CTT). Here, we use a recently developed and more robust approach that combines these two methods (i.e., Multidimensional Item Response Theory, MIRT) to simultaneously address the complex interactions and multidimensionality behind how people feel, think, and behave in relation to happiness in their life. Method: A total of 435 participants (197 males and 238 females) with an age mean of 44.84 (sd = 13.36) responded to the Positive Affect Negative Affect Schedule (10 positive affect items, 10 negative affect items), the Satisfaction with Life Scale (five items), and the Harmony in life Scale (five items). We used Bifactor-Graded Response MIRT for the main analyses. Result: At the general level, each of the 30 items had a strong capacity to discriminate between respondents across all three dimensions of subjective well-being. The investigation of different parameters (e.g., marginal slopes, ECV, IECV) strongly reflected the multidimensionality of subjective well-being at the item, the scale, and the model level. Indeed, subjective well-being could explain 64 % of the common variance in the whole model. Moreover, most of the items measuring positive affect (8/10) and life satisfaction (4/5) and all the items measuring harmony in life (5/5) accounted for a larger amount of variance of subjective well-being compared to that of their respective individual dimensions. The negative affect items, however, measured its own individual concept to a lager extent rather than subjective well-being. Thus, suggesting that the experience of negative affect is a more independent dimension within the whole subjective well-being model. We also found that specific items (e.g., “Alert”, “Distressed”, “Irritable”, “I am satisfied with my life”) were the recurrent exceptions in our results. Last but not the least, experiencing high levels in one dimension seems to compensate for low levels in the others and vice versa. Conclusion: As expected, the three subjective well-being dimensions do not work separately. Interestingly, the order and magnitude of the effect by each dimension on subjective well-being mirror how people define happiness in their life: first as harmony, second as satisfaction, third as positive emotions, and fourth, albeit to a much lesser degree, as negative emotions. Ergo, we argue that subjective well-being functions as a complex biopsychosocial adaptive system mirroring our attitude towards life in these three dimensions (A: affective dimension; B: behavioral dimension; C: cognitive dimension). Ergo, researchers and practitioners need to take in to account all three to fully understand, measure, and promote people's experience of the happy life. Moreover, our results also suggest that negative affect, especially regarding high activation unpleasant emotions, need considerable changes and further analyses if it is going to be included as a construct within the affective dimension of a general subjective well-being factor.
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3.
  • Amato, Clara, et al. (författare)
  • LinkedIn Users' Identity Clusters in the Prediction of Affectivity and Regulatory Mode
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: 3rd Biennial International Convention of Psychological Science. Paris, France..
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • We used quantitative semantics to find clusters of words in LinkedIn users’ self-descriptions. Some of these identity clusters discriminated between LinkedIn users with high/low positive affect (social and messy vs. honest), high/low negative affect (social vs. flexible), high/low locomotion (social vs. flexible), and high/low assessment (analytical vs. happy).
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4.
  • Amato, Clara, et al. (författare)
  • Newly Graduated Nurses' Learning Work Climate, Health, Resilience, and Burnout Symptoms
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: 32nd Association for Psychological Science Annual Convention. Chicago, Illinois, USA.
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The results provide an indication of important learning work climate factors associated to newly graduated nurses’ health, ability to cope successfully in adverse circumstances (i.e., resilience), and burnout symptoms. It is, however, plausible that there is an interconnection between personal vulnerability, learning climate, and health (Stoyanov & Cloninger, 2011).
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6.
  • Amato, Clara, et al. (författare)
  • “Tell Me Who You Are" Latent Semantic Analysis for Analyzing Spontaneous Self-Presentations in Different Situations
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Testing, Psychometrics, Methodology in Applied Psychology. - 1972-6325. ; 27:2, s. 153-170
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The aim of the study was to analyze freely generated self-presentations through the natural language processing technique of Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA). Four hundred fifty-one participants (F = 360; M = 143) recruited from LinkedIn (a professional social network) were randomly assigned to generate 10 words to describe themselves to either an employer (recruitment-condition) or a friend (friendship- condition). The words’ frequency-rate and their semantic representation were compared between condi- tions and to the natural language (Google’s n-gram database). Self-presentations produced in the recruit- ment condition (vs. natural language) had significantly higher number of agentic words (e.g., problem- solver, responsible, able team-worker) and their contents were semantically closer to the concept of agency (i.e., competence, assertiveness, decisiveness) comparing to the friendship condition. Further- more, the valence of the self-presentations’ words was higher (i.e., with a more positive meaning) in the recruitment condition. Altogether, these findings are consistent with the literature on the “Big Two,” self- presentation, and impression management.
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7.
  • Cloninger, Kevin M., et al. (författare)
  • The Prevalence of Personality (Temperament and Character) Profiles among Swedish Newly Graduated Nurses
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: 32nd Association for Psychological Science Annual Convention. Chicago, Illinois, USA.
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Personal vulnerability (i.e., specific personality profiles) is a major factor for burnout among helping professionals. Compared to the general population, 80% of Swedish newly graduated nurses reported high Reward Dependence (i.e., being sentimental, warm, attached, and dependent) and 95% reported low Self-Directedness (i.e., being blaming, aimless, helpless, defensive, and unfulfilled).
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8.
  • Drejing, Karl, et al. (författare)
  • Time Focused Incitements: Re-examining Previous Findings with Ecologically Valid Data
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: 3rd International Conference on Time Perspective, Copenhagen, Denmark..
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Background: Many theories try to explain our perceptions and evaluations of life events in different temporal dimensions. Previous experiments have discovered a temporal asymmetry that suggests that the valence of imagined future events is more intense than if the same event was imagined to occur in the past. However, most research has focused on fictitious events that may be influenced by selection biases from researchers conducting the experiments. Our aim is to investigate if these previous findings are replicable using a large corpus with news articles from Reuters. This dataset presents a type of communication of events that is part of most of peoples’ lives, thus, allowing an ecological validation of past findings. Method: We used 10,000 articles from about one thousand journalists who wrote news stories during 1997. As time markers we selected 10 solid verb conjugations (past and present tense) and 2 auxiliary verbs (future tense), and secondly 5 specific years: 1995-1996 (past), 1997 (present), and 1998-1999 (future). The valence of contexts in the articles was extrapolated by sentiment analysis. Results: Verbs as the time markers generated 20,225 contexts, while years generated 16,396 contexts. An ANOVA found an effect of verb groups (past tense, present tense and future tense) on the contexts’ valence (F = 828.51, df = 2; 20219, p < 0.001). A two-tailed independent sample t-test found a significant difference between past and present (t(9225) = -11.91, p < 0.001) and between present and future (t(14004) = -17.86, p < 0.001). An ANOVA reveled an effect of year groups (1995-1996, 1997, and 1998-1999) on valence (F = 114.22, df = 5; 16390, p < .001). A LSD post-hoc test showed that valence was higher (p < .001) for the 1999-contexts (future) compared to contexts in all the other year groups. Conclusion: Despite of the fact that the data we used here contained a mixture of positive and negative events, our results indicate that future valence > present > past. We argue that these results need to be seen in the light of recent findings using computer simulations, which suggest that individuals who communicate self-beneficial evaluative statements are more likely to survive than individuals not doing so. In addition, humans strive to create legacies for the benefit of future generations. Thus, in real life positive evaluative statements about the future are an incitement to change and to strive forward rather than backward, thus suggesting a time focused incitement to change. In essence we seem to communicate that the past is dark but the future is bright.
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9.
  • Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al. (författare)
  • A Collective Picture of What Makes People Happy: Words Representing Social Relationships, not Money, are Recurrent with the Word ‘Happiness’ in Online Newspapers
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: G. Riva, B. K. Wiederhold, & P. Cipresso (Eds.), The Psychology of Social Networking. Identity and Relationships in Online Communities Vol. 2. - : DeGruyter Open. - 9783110473780 ; , s. 4-16, s. 4-16
  • Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The Internet allows people to freely navigate through news and use that information to reinforce or support their own beliefs in, for example, different social networks. In this chapter we suggest that the representation of current predominant views in the news can be seen as collective expressions within a society. Seeing that the notion of what makes individuals happy has been of increasing interest in recent decades, we analyze the word happiness in online news. We first present research on the co-occurrence of the word happiness with other words in online newspapers. Among other findings, words representing people (e.g., “mom”, “grandmother”, “you”/”me”, “us”/”them”) often appear with the word happiness. Words like “iPhone”, “millions” and “Google” on the other hand, almost never appear with the word for happiness. Secondly, using words with predefined sets of psycholinguistic characteristics (i.e., word-norms measuring social relationships, money, and material things) we further examine differences between sets of articles including the word happiness (“happy” dataset) and a random set (“neutral” dataset) of articles not including this word. The results revealed that the “happy” dataset was significantly related to social relationships word-norm, while the “neutral” dataset was related to the money word-norm. However, the “happy” dataset was also related to the material things word-norm. In sum, there is a relatively coherent understanding among members of a society concerning what makes us happy: relationship, not money; meanwhile there is a more complex relationship when it comes to material things. The semantic method used here, which is particularly suitable for analyzing big data, seems to be able to quantify collective ideas in online news that might be expressed through different social networks.
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10.
  • Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al. (författare)
  • A Collective Theory of Happiness: Words Related to the Word Happiness in Swedish Online Newspapers
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 2152-2723 .- 2152-2715. ; 16:6, s. 469-472
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: A central theme in media psychology is how certain contemporary and dominant views may tend to perpetuate themselves by presenting a recurring picture we humans use to form our knowledge about the world. The present study is based on 1.5 million words from articles published online in the Swedish daily newspapers in 2010. We investigated which words were most (un-)common in articles containing the word happiness, compared with articles that did not contain this word. Findings: Words related to people as portrayed by all pronouns (you and me along us and them among the most recurrent), important others (e.g., grandmother, mother), the Swedish royal wedding (e.g., Daniel, Victoria), the FIFA World Cup (e.g., Zlatan, Argentina, Drogba) were highly recurrent with the word happiness. At the other end, words related to things were predictive of context not recurrent with the word happiness, such as money (e.g., millions, billions), bestselling gadgets (e.g., iPad, iPhone), and companies (e.g., Google, Windows). Conclusions: The results presented here map on those findings in the happiness literature showing that relationships, not material things, makes people happy. We suggest our findings mirror a collective theory of happiness, that is, an shared picture or agreement across members of a community about what makes people happy — people not things. This consensus influences the content of newspapers and recursively feed the collective theory of happiness itself.
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