2. |
- Chiriboga, Gonzalo, et al.
(författare)
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Useful energy is a meaningful approach to building the decarbonization: A case of study of the Ecuadorian transport sector
- 2023
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Ingår i: Transport Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0967-070X .- 1879-310X. ; 132, s. 76-87
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Here, we propose the first useful energy balance of Ecuadorian transport. Then we model the energy demand up to 2050 through three prospective scenarios developed in LEAP to assess significant sector decarbonization. The aim is to determine the reduction of final energy by replacing fossil fuels with electricity and applying sustainable policies in the whole sector.The analysis for the base year (2018) indicates that transport consumes 62 587 ± 7441 and 14 001 ± 1744 GWh for final and useful energy, respectively, corresponding to 22.37% of conversion. Therefore, by 2050 Ecuador will require between 21 783 (optimistic scenario) and 28 241 (pessimistic scenario) GWh of useful energy. The conversion in the first scenario was 30.71%, whereas it decreased to 22.02% in the second scenario, showing the beneficial effect of greener policies.The model presents a significant decarbonization of the total fleet from 0.002% to 40%, corresponding to 28 371 GWh of useful energy by 2050. To validate this finding, we evaluated the renewable electric potential of Ecuador, considering the functioning and feasible future generation projects. As a result, we calculated that this goal could be achieved with 23.9% of the total capacity. Therefore, future studies can focus on the possibility of total decarbonization of the sector employing the global efficiencies presented here.
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3. |
- Eriksen, Rebeca, et al.
(författare)
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Dietary metabolite profiling brings new insight into the relationship between nutrition and metabolic risk : An IMI DIRECT study
- 2020
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Ingår i: EBioMedicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-3964. ; 58
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Dietary advice remains the cornerstone of prevention and management of type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, understanding the efficacy of dietary interventions is confounded by the challenges inherent in assessing free living diet. Here we profiled dietary metabolites to investigate glycaemic deterioration and cardiometabolic risk in people at risk of or living with T2D. Methods: We analysed data from plasma collected at baseline and 18-month follow-up in individuals from the Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI) Diabetes Research on Patient Stratification (DIRECT) cohort 1 n = 403 individuals with normal or impaired glucose regulation (prediabetic) and cohort 2 n = 458 individuals with new onset of T2D. A dietary metabolite profile model (Tpred) was constructed using multivariable regression of 113 plasma metabolites obtained from targeted metabolomics assays. The continuous Tpred score was used to explore the relationships between diet, glycaemic deterioration and cardio-metabolic risk via multiple linear regression models. Findings: A higher Tpred score was associated with healthier diets high in wholegrain (β=3.36 g, 95% CI 0.31, 6.40 and β=2.82 g, 95% CI 0.06, 5.57) and lower energy intake (β=-75.53 kcal, 95% CI -144.71, -2.35 and β=-122.51 kcal, 95% CI -186.56, -38.46), and saturated fat (β=-0.92 g, 95% CI -1.56, -0.28 and β=–0.98 g, 95% CI -1.53, -0.42 g), respectively for cohort 1 and 2. In both cohorts a higher Tpred score was also associated with lower total body adiposity and favourable lipid profiles HDL-cholesterol (β=0.07 mmol/L, 95% CI 0.03, 0.1), (β=0.08 mmol/L, 95% CI 0.04, 0.1), and triglycerides (β=-0.1 mmol/L, 95% CI -0.2, -0.03), (β=-0.2 mmol/L, 95% CI -0.3, -0.09), respectively for cohort 1 and 2. In cohort 2, the Tpred score was negatively associated with liver fat (β=-0.74%, 95% CI -0.67, -0.81), and lower fasting concentrations of HbA1c (β=-0.9 mmol/mol, 95% CI -1.5, -0.1), glucose (β=-0.2 mmol/L, 95% CI -0.4, -0.05) and insulin (β=-11.0 pmol/mol, 95% CI -19.5, -2.6). Longitudinal analysis showed at 18-month follow up a higher Tpred score was also associated lower total body adiposity in both cohorts and lower fasting glucose (β=-0.2 mmol/L, 95% CI -0.3, -0.01) and insulin (β=-9.2 pmol/mol, 95% CI -17.9, -0.4) concentrations in cohort 2. Interpretation: Plasma dietary metabolite profiling provides objective measures of diet intake, showing a relationship to glycaemic deterioration and cardiometabolic health. Funding: This work was supported by the Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint Undertaking under grant agreement no. 115,317 (DIRECT), resources of which are composed of financial contribution from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007–2013) and EFPIA companies.
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4. |
- Trigell, Emelie, et al.
(författare)
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Dynamics of the inlet recirculation region in a turbocharger compressor
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A numerical study is presented where Large Eddy Simulation (LES) calculations are used in an effort to characterise flow-acoustic interaction in a turbocharger compressor operating at near surge conditions. Under such off-design operation, an inlet recirculation zone develops upstream of the compressor following the compressor inlet duct. Previous studies have shown that the development of reversed flow can impact the sound power level of the blade passing frequency (BPF) tones and broadban whoosh noise. In this study local mesh independence studies are performed to capture the vortical structures in the recirculation region, which are often not properly resolved. Computational grid refinements in the fluid domain are applied based on extimated of the local Taylor microscale in the flow. Moreover, the grid resolution is enhanced in the region where domainant acoustic sources are to be expected according to Proadman noise source model. The temperature field and the velocity components with correponding standard deviations are quantified and validated against avaliable experimental data. The analysis of the LES data allows quantifying the dynamics of the developed recirculation zone in space and time and enables a detailed assessment on the impact it has on the incoming flow, explaining its contribution to the flow-induced noise mechanisms in a centrifugal compressor.
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