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Sökning: WFRF:(Garnier Josette)

  • Resultat 1-6 av 6
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1.
  • Billen, Gilles, et al. (författare)
  • Reshaping the European agro-food system and closing its nitrogen cycle: The potential of combining dietary change, agroecology, and circularity
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: One Earth. - : Elsevier BV. - 2590-3322 .- 2590-3330. ; 4:6, s. 839-850
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • After World War II, the evolution of Europe's agro-food system has been marked by intensified use of synthetic fertilizers, territorial specialization, and integration in global food and feed markets. This evolution led to increased nitrogen (N) losses to aquatic environments and the atmosphere, which, despite increasing environmental regulations, continues to harm ecosystems and human well-being. Here, we explore how these N losses can be drastically reduced in a scenario synergistically operating three levers: (1) a dietary change toward less animal products and an efficient recycling of human excreta; (2) the generalization of region-specific organic crop rotation systems involving N2-fixing legumes, making it possible to do without synthetic N fertilizers; and (3) the reconnection of livestock with cropping systems allowing optimal use of manure. This scenario demonstrates the possibility to feed the projected European population in 2050 without imports of feed and with half the current level of environmental N losses.
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2.
  • Einarsson, Rasmus, 1988, et al. (författare)
  • Crop production and nitrogen use in European cropland and grassland 1961–2019
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Scientific data. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2052-4463. ; 8:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper presents EuropeAgriDB v1.0, a dataset of crop production and nitrogen (N) flows in European cropland 1961–2019. The dataset covers 26 present-day countries, detailing the cropland N harvests in 17 crop categories as well as cropland N inputs in synthetic fertilizers, manure, symbiotic fixation, and atmospheric deposition. The study builds on established methods but goes beyond previous research by combining data from FAOSTAT, Eurostat, and a range of national data sources. The result is a detailed, complete, and consistent dataset, intended as a basis for further analyses of past and present agricultural production patterns, as well as construction of scenarios for the future.
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3.
  • Howarth, Robert, et al. (författare)
  • Coupled biogeochemical cycles: eutrophication and hypoxia in temperate estuaries and coastal marine ecosystems
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment. - : Wiley. - 1540-9309 .- 1540-9295. ; 9:1, s. 18-26
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Nutrient fluxes to coastal areas have risen in recent decades, leading to widespread hypoxia and other ecological damage, particularly from nitrogen (N). Several factors make N more limiting in estuaries and coastal waters than in lakes: desorption (release) of phosphorus (P) bound to clay as salinity increases, lack of planktonic N fixation in most coastal ecosystems, and flux of relatively P-rich, N-poor waters from coastal oceans into estuaries. During eutrophication, biogeochemical feedbacks further increase the supply of N and P, but decrease availability of silica - conditions that can favor the formation and persistence of harmful algal blooms. Given sufficient N inputs, estuaries and coastal marine ecosystems can be driven to P limitation. This switch contributes to greater far-field N pollution; that is, the N moves further and contributes to eutrophication at greater distances. The physical oceanography (extent of stratification, residence time, and so forth) of coastal systems determines their sensitivity to hypoxia, and recent changes in physics have made some ecosystems more sensitive to hypoxia. Coastal hypoxia contributes to ocean acidification, which harms calcifying organisms such as mollusks and some crustaceans.
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4.
  • Kehoe, Laura, et al. (författare)
  • Make EU trade with Brazil sustainable
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 364:6438, s. 341-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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5.
  • Sferratore, Agata, et al. (författare)
  • Modelling nutrient fluxes from sub-arctic basins : Comparison of pristine vs. dammed rivers
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Journal of Marine Systems. - : Elsevier BV. - 0924-7963 .- 1879-1573. ; 73:3-4, s. 236-249
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The deterministic Riverstrahler model of river functioning is applied for the first time to sub-arctic catchments. Seasonal nutrient (N, P, Si) deliveries to the coastal zone are simulated, and nutrient annual fluxes are established for the nearly pristine river Kalix (hereafter called Kalixalven) and the heavily dammed river Lule, (hereafter called Lulealven) both located in Northern Sweden and draining into the Bothnian Bay, Baltic Sea. For Kalixalven simulations are performed with a runoff calculated from precipitation, evapo-transpiration and temperature data for the period 1990-1999, using a hydrological model calibrated on observed monthly discharges at the river outlet. The same hydrological parameters are used to calculate specific runoff for the Lulealven basin in absence of dam regulation. Reservoir filling and emptying are simulated using a simplified representation of their management rules. Diffuse sources of nutrient are evaluated according to land cover of the catchment. The simulated seasonal trends are within the range of the observed data, in particular for discharge, dissolved silica, total phosphorus, inorganic nitrogen and total organic carbon. Specific runoff is 50% higher in the Lulealven than in the Kalixalven watershed due to higher altitudes and precipitations. Average silica, nitrate and phosphorus concentrations are much lower in Lulealven than in Kalixalven. Comparison of model results for the Lulealven with and without dams shows a reduction of respectively 25% and 30% in silica and phosphorus fluxes delivered at the outlet, while nitrogen delivery is increased by 10% in the dammed vs. undammed river system. The model allows assessing the respective role of reservoir trapping of nutrient in the reservoir through algal uptake and sedimentation, and of changes in the vegetation induced by flooding the valley formerly covered by forests and wetlands.
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6.
  • Struyf, Eric, et al. (författare)
  • Historical land use change has lowered terrestrial silica mobilization
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Continental export of Si to the coastal zone is closely linked to the ocean carbon sink and to the dynamics of phytoplankton blooms in coastal ecosystems. Presently, however, the impact of human cultivation of the landscape on terrestrial Si fluxes remains unquantified and is not incorporated in models for terrestrial Si mobilization. In this paper, we show that land use is the most important controlling factor of Si mobilization in temperate European watersheds, with sustained cultivation (> 250 years) of formerly forested areas leading to a twofold to threefold decrease in baseflow delivery of Si. This is a breakthrough in our understanding of the biogeochemical Si cycle: it shows that human cultivation of the landscape should be recognized as an important controlling factor of terrestrial Si fluxes.
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