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- Beal, Jacob, et al.
(author)
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Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
- 2020
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In: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 3:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data.
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- Gómez, Blas, et al.
(author)
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WiMCA : multi-indicator client association in software-defined Wi-Fi networks
- 2021
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In: Wireless networks. - : Springer. - 1022-0038 .- 1572-8196. ; 27, s. 3109-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In a world with increasing traffic demands, wireless technologies aim to meet them by means of new Radio Access Technologies that provide faster connectivity. Such is the case of 4G and 5G. However, in indoor scenarios, where the capabilities of these technologies are significantly affected by the distance to the base station and the materials used in the construction of buildings, Wi-Fi is still the technology of reference thanks to its low cost and easy deployment. In this context, it is usual to find multi-AP Wi-Fi networks whose deployment has been carefully planned. However, the user-AP association decision procedure is not defined by the IEEE 802.11 standard. As a result, vendors choose selfish approaches based on signal strength. This leads to uneven user distributions and nonoptimal resource utilization. To deal with this, densification has been used over the years, but this is expensive as it needs more infrastructure. Moreover, this results in more APs in the same collision domain. To avoid the need for densification, in this paper we introduce WiMCA, a joint SDN-based user association and channel assignment solution for Wi-Fi networks that considers signal strength, channel occupancy and AP load to make better association decisions. Experimental results have demonstrated that, in terms of aggregated goodput, WiMCA outperforms approaches based on signal strength by 55%, providing better user level fairness and accommodating more users and traffic before reaching the point at which densification is needed. © 2021, The Author(s)
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- Hamed, Tareq Abu, et al.
(author)
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Multiscale in modelling and validation for solar photovoltaics
- 2018
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In: EPJ Photovoltaics. - : EDP Sciences. - 2105-0716. ; 9
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Photovoltaics is amongst the most important technologies for renewable energy sources, and plays a key role in the development of a society with a smaller environmental footprint. Key parameters for solar cells are their energy conversion efficiency, their operating lifetime, and the cost of the energy obtained from a photovoltaic system compared to other sources. The optimization of these aspects involves the exploitation of new materials and development of novel solar cell concepts and designs. Both theoretical modeling and characterization of such devices require a comprehensive view including all scales from the atomic to the macroscopic and industrial scale. The different length scales of the electronic and optical degrees of freedoms specifically lead to an intrinsic need for multiscale simulation, which is accentuated in many advanced photovoltaics concepts including nanostructured regions. Therefore, multiscale modeling has found particular interest in the photovoltaics community, as a tool to advance the field beyond its current limits. In this article, we review the field of multiscale techniques applied to photovoltaics, and we discuss opportunities and remaining challenges.
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