| 1. |
- Gerdner, Arne, et al.
(författare)
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Explaining inconsistancy between patient and collateral : Validity in outcome studies of coercive alcoholism treatment
- 1996
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Social Welfare. - : Wiley. - 0907-2055. ; 5:1, s. 12-18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aims to assess the consistency of replies to questionnaires mailed to patients and two kinds of collaterals, i.e., social workers and significant others, at a public treatment center with socially unstable and compulsory committed patients. It compares the quantity and kind of discrepancies between replies by patients and collaterals on outcome data concerning social situation and drinking habits. It aims to measure the amount of systematic bias among factors that may explain inconsistencies between reports, especially the factors compulsory commitment, worse outcome, frequency of contact and type of collateral. The responders generally agreed. Variables in which there was less agreement were explored in logistic regressions using ten explanatory variables. Significant relations did not exceed those expected by chance. Discrepancies were not systematic in size and kind. On a six-rank ordinal scale of alcohol use or abuse, however, patients tended to underestimate the extent of their abuse. Inconsistencies here concerned the degree but not the presence of abuse. No difference in consistency due to type of collateral was found. In conclusion, the consistency of the questionnaires was high and independent of the social situation of the patient, of compulsory commitment and of other background or treatment factors, as well as of treatment outcome and type of collateral.
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| 2. |
- Gerdner, Arne, et al.
(författare)
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Prediction of outcome in coerced and voluntarily treated alcoholics
- 1996
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Social Welfare. - : Wiley. - 0907-2055. ; 5:2, s. 106-112
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study concerns multivariate prediction of the short-term outcome of alcoholism in a coercive treatment setting in Sweden. One hundred and twenty-one patients (87 men, 34 women) with a mean age of 41 (range 26-63) years attended a 5-week programme. They were for the most part severely alcohol-dependent and socially unstable. Compulsorily committed patients (n=32) were less socially stable but did not differ from the voluntary patients (n=89) in the type of drugs abused or the severity of their dependence. Nine months (mean) after treatment, a follow-up was performed by mailing questionnaires to the patients and to the referring social workers. The improvement data in the questionnaires were checked with other data. Data on alcohol abuse were available for 116 (96%) of the patients. Fifty-five percent improved. Of these, 13% had remained entirely abstinent. Using multivariate logistic regression, participation in a self-help group and first-time admission were found to be significant factors for overall improvement, while having a family and more than primary education were significant for abstinence. Compulsory commitment to treatment was not related to the short-term drinking outcome. Undergoing voluntary treatment and having previous treatment experience were significant factors for participation in self-help groups.
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| 3. |
- Gerdner, Arne, et al.
(författare)
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Psychometric properties of the Swedish version of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire - Short Form (CTQ-SF).
- 2009
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 63:2, s. 160-170
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Childhood maltreatment is delicate to assess both in clinical work and in research. There is a need for assessment tools that can be easily administered in an ethical and non-intrusive way that meets requirements of conceptual validity for various types of maltreatment and is sensitive to levels of severity. This study explores the psychometric properties of the Swedish translation of one such toolthe Childhood Trauma QuestionnaireShort Form (CTQ-SF; Bernstein and Fink, 1998). The CTQ-SF was administered to seven samples (total n=659)five clinical samples and two non-clinical student samples. The factor structure supports the construct validity of the global maltreatment scale, four of the five maltreatment subscales (emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse and emotional neglect) and the minimization/denial (MD) scale, but not the physical neglect (PN) subscale. All items are highly correlated with their respective subscale. The discriminant validity is satisfactory. Highly significant correlation with social desirability gives further support for the MD-scale and to the recommendation of how to apply it. Internal consistency of PN is acceptable and for all other scales satisfactory. Swedish norm groups tend to score lower than similar American norm groups on abuse scales but higher on the neglect scales. Percentiles for seven gender-specific norm groups are presented. The weaknesses of the PN-scale are discussed and new constructs are proposed. The Swedish version of the CTQ-SF has the same construct validity and internal consistency as the original, including less homogeneity of the PN scale.
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| 4. |
- Lochner, Christine, et al.
(författare)
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Childhood trauma in adults with social anxiety disorder and panic disorder: A cross-national study
- 2010
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Ingår i: African Journal of Psychiatry. - : African Journals Online (AJOL). - 1994-8220. ; 13:5, s. 376-381
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The influence of childhood trauma on the development of adult psychopathology is far from being elucidated. As part of a collaborative project between research groups from South Africa (SA) and Sweden focusing on genetic and environmental factors contributing to anxiety disorders, this study specifically investigated rates of childhood trauma in South African and Swedish patients respectively, and whether, in the sample as a whole, different traumatic experiences in childhood is predictive of social anxiety (SAD) or panic disorder (PD) in adulthood.Method: Participants with SAD or PD (85 from SA, 135 from Sweden) completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Logistic regression was performed with data from the two countries separately, and from the sample as a whole, with primary diagnoses as dependent variables, with gender, age, and country as covariates, and the CTQ subscale totals as independent variables. Additionally the study investigated the internal consistency of the CTQ subscales.Results: SA patients showed higher levels of childhood trauma than Swedish patients. When data from both countries were combined, SAD patients reported higher rates of childhood emotional abuse compared to those with PD; moreover, emotional abuse in childhood was found to play a predictive role in SAD/PD in adulthood in the Swedish and the combined samples, and the same trend was found in the SA sample. The psychometric qualities of the CTQ subscales were adequate with the exception of the physical neglect subscale.Conclusion: Our findings suggest that anxiety disorder patients may differ across countries in terms of childhood trauma. Certain forms of childhood abuse may contribute specific vulnerability to different types of psychopathology. Longitudinal studies should focus on the potential sequential development of SAD/PD among individuals with childhood emotional abuse.
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