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| 2. |
- Blid, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Prediction of homelessness and housing provisions in Swedish municipalities. : Nordiska nätverket för forskning om hemlöshet (Nordic Network on Homelessness Research), Kuopio, Finland, October
- 2007
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Problem: The study explores predictors of homelessness in Swedish municipalities and of the amount of accommodations provided to the homeless. Theoretically, structural factors (e.g. housing market) and individual factors (e.g. social and health factors) have competed in theories explaining homelessness. Here, the focus is not on individuals, but rather the aggregated levels of such problems. Methods: Homelessness rates were collected in a national inventory (NBHW 2006.) and data on municipal support provisions were collected in a representative sample of half of the Swedish municipalities. Candidate explaining factors of homelessness studied here are variables related to urbanisation, economy of the municipality, various housing market factors, level of social and health problems and demographic factors. Level of homelessness and political majorities are also used as predictors of provisions. Results: Homelessness rate (per 10 k inhabitants) is predicted (R2= .36) by urbanisation (no of inhabitants), market (rent level) and level of psychiatric health problems in the municipality. Amount of accommodations (per 10 k inh.) is predicted (R2= .18) by homelessness rate, social welfare costs and structure of housing market, i.e. greater public owned sector in normal housing. Conclusions: Structural factors and level of individual problems both add to the explanation of homelessness. In addition, degree of urbanisation seems to be an additional factor. This however, may in turn indicate more specific factors not studied here. The amount of accommodations per inh. is, as expected, related to the level of homelessness and the level of social problems in the municipality. Additionally, the structure of the housing market seems to have important impact on the amount of provisions, independent of problem levels.
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| 3. |
- Gerdner, Arne, et al.
(författare)
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Asocial rather than impulsive - Characteristics of adolescent male problem gamblers : Presentation at the 45th Annual ICAA conference in Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, 8-13 December
- 2002
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The study concerns prediction of gambling problems in a representative sample of 178 male adolescents (aged 16 and 18 years) in the less populated county Jämtland, Sweden. They completed the SOGS, the TCI and a number of questions concerning social background, emotional and life-style factors. About 27% of the boys gamble at least weekly. As many as 16% qualify as probable pathological gamblers according to the SOGS. Another 7% are at risk. None of the social background factors are related to severity of gambling problems. The only significant family factor is parental substance misuse. The optimal multivariate model predicts about thirty per cent of the variance in gambling problems. The strongest factor is frequency of alcohol drinking. Several factors indicate a personality with problems in relations to others. Another factor indicates a dreamy personality. Unexpectedly, impulsiveness is not related to gambling. In conclusion, problem gambling among male adolescents is related to life-style and personality, especially in relation to others, but not to usual social background factors. Gamblers are asocial rather than impulsive. The nature of this finding should be further explored, since an asocial personality may point at genetics as well as to early social influences, as may the finding on the relation between gambling and parental drinking.
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| 5. |
- Gerdner, Arne
(författare)
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Compulsory Treatment of Alcoholics and Drug Addicts - A Review of 20 Swedish Outcome Studies. : International Institute on the Prevention and Treatment of Dependencies, Section on Alcohol and Drug Treatment and its Organisation, Bahrain, ICAA. September 3-7.
- 2000
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Compulsory treatment for alcoholism and drug addiction exists in many countries, but has been less evaluated. For legal and ethical reasons, controlled designs are scarce. The Swedish �Law on Care for Addicts in certain cases� was implemented in 1982, and revised 1989. Since 1982, twenty outcome studies using different research design have been published, mostly in Swedish. The presentation reviews these studies. Outcomes of men vs. women, alcoholics vs. drug addicts and compulsorily vs. voluntarily treated are compared. Three studies analysed data using multivariate regression models in order to predict programme retention, absconding, substance use outcome, participation in self help groups post discharge and long term mortality. Long term mortality is also analysed using survival models (Kaplan-Meier) and standardised mortality ratios.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Gerdner, Arne, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of psychologists assessments of patients within compulsory care : A matched-control trial
- 2007
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Ingår i: Proccedings. 50th International ICAA Conference on Dependencies, Stockholm, June 2007.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction. Psychological assessment is usually not provided as routine within care for substance use disorders (SUD) in Sweden. A number of studies has shown that about 70-80 percent of compulsory care patients for substance use disorders suffer from additional axis-1 disorder and about 50-75 percent meet the criteria of a personality disorder (axis-2). A synthesized review with meta-regression on 32 outcome studies of compulsory care of SUD patients showed that structured psychiatric or psychological assessment was related to higher rate of total abstainers as well as the rate of improved, when patient profile and study methology was controlled for. This study explores the effect of a psychologist�s assessment in compulsory care of SUD patients for planning and implementation of after-care as well as for outcome. Methods. The study was conducted at three compulsory care institutions. The intervention group of 115 patients who were assessed by a licensed psychologist were matched with 115 who were not assessed in that way (control group). Matching criteria were age, gender, psychiatric status at intake, type of drug use, institution. Patients were interviewed 1-2 years post discharge and social workers replied to a questionnaire, using the same items. Interviews and questionnaires explored the content of after-care planning, the actual aftercare, and the outcome on substance misuse, health and social conditions. Results: Data collection was completed in the beginning of April, 2007, with at least one reply on more than 90 percent in the intervention group as well as in the control group. At the time of call for abstracts, these data were not yet analysed. At the conference, comparisons will be provided. Discussion: The findings may help us to understand the usage of psychologists´ assessment for care and after-care planning as well as for the outcomes in terms of misuse, health and social integration
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Gerdner, Arne, et al.
(författare)
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Factors affecting motivation to treatment among severely dependent alcoholics. : 43rd International Institute on the Prevention and Treatment of Dependencies, Social Work Section, ICAA, Bahrain, September 3-7
- 2001
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Environmental, developmental and personality factors are explored as predictors of motivation to treatment for alcoholism, using concepts such as social situation on admission, treatment career, age education and adventurous patterns of behaviour. The original population consists of 603 severely dependent alcoholics (mean age 40 years, 24% women, 42% compulsorily committed). In structural equation model estimation, 85% of the original cases were used, and included compulsorily as well as voluntarily admitted patients. A reduced model was tried on voluntary patients alone. In the main model, patterns of behaviour and age were not related to the motivation to treatment, while treatment career had some negative impact. Social problems were related to less motivation to treatment. In turn, a worse social situation was related to more treatment experience. The reduced model on voluntary patients alone confirmed the main findings, although more previous treatment tended to be related to more motivation. In conclusion, motivation was mostly related to a better social situation, having �more to lose�. A collapse in the social situation was more an obstacle than a promoter of motivation. There was no support for the statements that �maturing out� would result in more motivation and inconclusive findings concerning the impact on motivation from having many previous treatment experiences. The pattern of behaviour was not directly related to the level of motivation. Based on these findings, the relevance of social work for motivation to treatment is discussed.
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