| 1. |
- Mishra, A, et al.
(författare)
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Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents' growth and development
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 615:7954, s. 874-883
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1–6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified.
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| 2. |
- Holmes, Emily A., et al.
(författare)
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'I Can't Concentrate' : A Feasibility Study with Young Refugees in Sweden on Developing Science-Driven Interventions for Intrusive Memories Related to Trauma
- 2017
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Ingår i: Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy. - : CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS. - 1352-4658 .- 1469-1833. ; 45:2, s. 97-109
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The number of refugees is the highest ever worldwide. Many have experienced trauma in home countries or on their escape which has mental health sequelae. Intrusive memories comprise distressing scenes of trauma which spring to mind unbidden. Development of novel scalable psychological interventions is needed urgently. Aims: We propose that brief cognitive science-driven interventions should be developed which pinpoint a focal symptom alongside a means to monitor it using behavioural techniques. The aim of the current study was to assess the feasibility and acceptability of the methodology required to develop such an intervention. Method: In this study we recruited 22 refugees (16-25 years), predominantly from Syria and residing in Sweden. Participants were asked to monitor the frequency of intrusive memories of trauma using a daily diary; rate intrusions and concentration; and complete a 1-session behavioural intervention involving Tetris game-play via smartphone. Results: Frequency of intrusive memories was high, and associated with high levels of distress and impaired concentration. Levels of engagement with study procedures were highly promising. Conclusions: The current work opens the way for developing novel cognitive behavioural approaches for traumatized refugees that are mechanistically derived, freely available and internationally scalable.
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| 3. |
- Döringer, Nora, et al.
(författare)
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Motivational Interviewing to Prevent Childhood Obesity: A Cluster RCT
- 2016
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Ingår i: Pediatrics. - : American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). - 0031-4005 .- 1098-4275. ; 137:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The objective was to evaluate a manualized theory-driven primary preventive intervention aimed at early childhood obesity. The intervention was embedded in Swedish child health services, starting when eligible children were 9 to 10 months of age and continuing until the children reached age 4. METHODS: Child health care centers in 8 Swedish counties were randomized into intervention and control units and included 1355 families with 1369 infants. Over similar to 39 months, families in the intervention group participated in 1 group session and 8 individual sessions with a nurse trained in motivational interviewing, focusing on healthy food habits and physical activity. Families in the control group received care as usual. Primary outcomes were children's BMI, overweight prevalence, and waist circumference at age 4. Secondary outcomes were children's and mothers' food and physical activity habits and mothers' anthropometrics. Effects were assessed in linear and log-binominal regression models using generalized estimating equations. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences in children's BMI (beta = -0.11, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.31 to 0.08), waist circumference (beta = -0.48, 95% CI: -0.99 to 0.04), and prevalence of overweight (relative risk = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.69 to 1.32). No significant intervention effects were observed in mothers' anthropometric data or regarding mothers' and children's physical activity habits. There was a small intervention effect in terms of healthier food habits among children and mothers. CONCLUSIONS: There were no significant group differences in children's and mothers' anthropometric data and physical activity habits. There was, however, some evidence suggesting healthier food habits, but this should be interpreted with caution.
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| 4. |
- Fotouhi, Omid, et al.
(författare)
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Proteomics identifies neddylation as a potential therapy target in small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors
- 2019
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Ingår i: Oncogene. - : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 0950-9232 .- 1476-5594. ; 38:43, s. 6881-6897
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Patients with small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors (SI-NETs) frequently develop spread disease; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms of disease progression are not known and effective preventive treatment strategies are lacking. Here, protein expression profiling was performed by HiRIEF-LC-MS in 14 primary SI-NETs from patients with and without liver metastases detected at the time of surgery and initial treatment. Among differentially expressed proteins, overexpression of the ubiquitin-like protein NEDD8 was identified in samples from patients with liver metastasis. Further, NEDD8 correlation analysis indicated co-expression with RBX1, a key component in cullin-RING ubiquitin ligases (CRLs). In vitro inhibition of neddylation with the therapeutic agent pevonedistat (MLN4924) resulted in a dramatic decrease of proliferation in SI-NET cell lines. Subsequent mass spectrometry-based proteomics analysis of pevonedistat effects and effects of the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib revealed stabilization of multiple targets of CRLs including p27, an established tumor suppressor in SI-NET. Silencing of NEDD8 and RBX1 using siRNA resulted in a stabilization of p27, suggesting that the cellular levels of NEDD8 and RBX1 affect CRL activity. Inhibition of CRL activity, by either NEDD8/RBX1 silencing or pevonedistat treatment of cells resulted in induction of apoptosis that could be partially rescued by siRNA-based silencing of p27. Differential expression of both p27 and NEDD8 was confirmed in a second cohort of SI-NET using immunohistochemistry. Collectively, these findings suggest a role for CRLs and the ubiquitin proteasome system in suppression of p27 in SI-NET, and inhibition of neddylation as a putative therapeutic strategy in SI-NET.
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| 5. |
- Ghaderi Berntsson, Shala, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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Case report : a novel deep intronic splice-altering variant in DMD as a cause of Becker muscular dystrophy
- 2023
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Genetics. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-8021. ; 14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present the case of a male patient who was ultimately diagnosed with Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD; MIM# 300376) after the onset of muscle weakness in his teens progressively led to significant walking difficulties in his twenties. A genetic diagnosis was pursued but initial investigation revealed no aberrations in the dystrophin gene (DMD), although immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis suggested the diagnosis of dystrophinopathy. Eventually, after more than 10 years, an RNA analysis captured abnormal splicing where 154 nucleotides from intron 43 were inserted between exon 43 and 44 resulting in a frameshift and a premature stop codon. Normal splicing of the DMD gene was also observed. Additionally, a novel variant c.6291–13537A>G in DMD was confirmed in the genomic DNA of the patient. The predicted function of the variant aligns with the mRNA results. To conclude, we here demonstrate that mRNA analysis can guide the diagnosis of non-coding genetic variants in DMD.
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| 6. |
- Ghaderi Berntsson, Shala, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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Developing education in environmental health and medicine focusing on neurology : Initiatives in Sweden (the UPRISE model), France, and Turkey
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of the Neurological Sciences. - : Elsevier. - 0022-510X .- 1878-5883. ; 463
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundThe role of environmental factors in neurological disorders constitutes a topic of increasing importance. Teaching in European universities should expand and update this field gaining future health professionals including adjacent disciplines.AimTo describe recent efforts to create courses that cover crucial interdisciplinary content that we believe should be included in modern education, and to adapt modern pedagogic strategies.MethodsIn collaboration with RISE (Rencontres Internationales Santé Environnement), elective courses focused on Environmental Health and Medicine (EHM) were developed, in France, Sweden, and Turkey. The courses combined classic teaching methods and new pedagogic and digital solutions to create environment-related health awareness and facilitate future interprofessional collaboration in this field.ResultsUPRISE is an innovative elective course introduced in 2020 in Sweden's Uppsala University with the participation of lecturers from several countries and aim to recruit students from different universities. A total of 45, mainly female students (68%), participated in the course. In Strasbourg, France, a novel course on environmental medicine was held in 2019–2023 and examined 90 students, of which more than half were female. Nine graduate nurse students in Turkey attended ten seminar series focused on EHM. Overall, students expressed satisfaction with the courses.ConclusionsThis European project for courses in higher education arising from RISE was met with appreciation and challenges from academic institutions.However, due to considerable efforts to introduce the EHM concept, a unique compulsory course for all medical students in the second year of training started in 2023 in all French medical faculties. In 2023, UPRISE was integrated into ENLIGHT, the European University Network to promote equitable quality of Life, sustainability, and Global engagement through Higher education Transformation.
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| 9. |
- Wood, Angela M., et al.
(författare)
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The Inverse Association of Body Mass Index with Lung Cancer : Exploring Residual Confounding, Metabolic Aberrations and Within-Person Variability in Smoking
- 2021
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Ingår i: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention. - : American Association For Cancer Research (AACR). - 1055-9965 .- 1538-7755. ; 30:8, s. 1489-1497
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The inverse observational association between body mass index (BMI) and lung cancer risk remains unclear. We assessed whether the association is explained by metabolic aberrations, residual confounding, and within-person variability in smoking, and compared against other smoking-related cancers. Methods: We investigated the association between BMI, and its combination with a metabolic score (MS) of mid-blood pressure, glucose, and triglycerides, with lung cancer and other smokingrelated cancers in 778,828 individuals. We used Cox regression, adjusted and corrected for within-person variability in smoking (status/pack-years), calculated from 600,201 measurements in 221,958 participants. Results: Over a median follow-up of 20 years, 20,242 smoking-related cancers (6,735 lung cancers) were recorded. Despite adjustment and correction for substantial within-person variability in smoking, BMI remained inversely associated with lung cancer [HR per standard deviation increase, 0.87 (95% confidence interval 0.85-0.89)]. Individuals with BMI less than 25 kg/m(2) and high MS had the highest risk [HR 1.52 (1.44-1.60) vs. BMI >= 25 with low MS]. These associations were weaker and nonsignificant among nonsmokers. Similar associations were observed for head and neck cancers and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, whereas for other smoking-related cancers, we generally observed positive associations with BMI. Conclusions: The increased lung cancer risk with low BMI and high MS is unlikely due to residual confounding and withinperson variability in smoking. However, similar results for other cancers strongly related to smoking suggest a remaining, unknown, effect of smoking. Impact: Extensive smoking-adjustments may not capture all the effects of smoking on the relationship between obesity-related factors and risk of smoking-related cancers.
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