| 1. |
- Frost, Morgan, et al.
(author)
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Social scene perception in autism spectrum disorder: An eye-tracking and pupillometric study
- 2019
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In: Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1380-3395 .- 1744-411X. ; 41:10, s. 1024-1032
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Typically, developing humans innately place subjective value on social information and orient attention to it. This can be shown through tracking of gaze patterns and pupil size, the latter of which taps into an individual's cognitive engagement and affective arousal. People with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) present with atypical social, communicative and behavioral patterns, but underlying substrates of these behavioral differences remain unclear. Moreover, due to high comorbidity with other neurodevelopmental disorders, it is often difficult to distinguish which differences are distinctive to ASD. In this study, a group of 35 adolescents and young adults with neurodevelopmental disorders were tested to investigate the processing of social and non-social scenes in individuals who meet the diagnostic criteria for autism and those who do not. Eye tracking and pupillometry measures were collected while participants observed images of tightly controlled natural scenes with or without a human being. Contrary to individuals without autism diagnosis, participants with autism did not show greater pupillary response to images with a human. Participants with autism were slower to fixate on social elements in the social scenes, and this latency metric correlated with clinical measures of poor social functioning. The results confirm the clinical relevance of eye-tracking and pupillometric indices in the field of ASD. We discuss the clinical implications of the results and propose that analysis of changes in visual attention and physiological level to social stimuli might be an integral part of a neurodevelopmental assessment.
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| 2. |
- Helles, Adam, et al.
(author)
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Asperger syndrome in males over two decades: Quality of life in relation to diagnostic stability and psychiatric comorbidity
- 2017
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In: Autism. - : SAGE Publications. - 1362-3613 .- 1461-7005. ; 21:4, s. 458-469
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study examined objective quality of life (work, academic success, living situation, relationships, support system) and subjective quality of life (Sense of Coherence and Short-Form Health Survey-36) in an adult sample of males (n=50, mean age: 30years) with Asperger syndrome diagnosed in childhood and followed prospectively over two decades. The association between long-term diagnostic stability of an autism spectrum disorder and/or comorbid psychiatric disorders with quality of life was also examined. The results showed great variability as regards quality of life. The subsample that no longer fulfilled an autism spectrum disorder had full-time jobs or studies (10/11), independent living (100%), and reported having two or more friends (100%). In the stable autism spectrum disorder group, 41% had full-time job or studies, 51% lived independently, and 33% reported two or more friends, and a significant minority had specialized employments, lived with support from the government, or had no friends. Academic success was positively correlated with IQ. A majority of the total group scored average Sense of Coherence scores, and the mean for Short-Form Health Survey-36 was above average regarding psychical health and below average regarding mental health. Stability of autism spectrum disorder diagnosis was associated with objective but not subjective quality of life, while psychiatric comorbidity was associated with subjective but not objective quality of life.
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| 3. |
- Rydberg Dobrescu, Sandra, et al.
(author)
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Mental and physical health in children of women with a history of anorexia nervosa
- 2024
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In: EUROPEAN CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY. - 1018-8827 .- 1435-165X.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Few studies have investigated the offspring of women with anorexia nervosa (AN). The aim of this study was to examine perinatal status, mental and physical health in the offspring of mothers with a history of AN. Fifty-one individuals with adolescent-onset AN and 51 matched controls (COMP) have been followed prospectively. Presently, 30 years after AN onset, at a mean age of 44 years, female participants who had given birth (nAN = 40, nCOMP = 40) were interviewed regarding psychiatric health in their offspring using the Developmental and Well-Being Assessment and the MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview. In addition, information on the offspring's perinatal status, psychiatric- and physical health was obtained from the Swedish Medical Birth Register and The Swedish National Patient Register. Data regarding mental and physical health were available for 83 and 86 offspring in the AN and COMP groups, respectively. At birth, all of weight, length, head circumference and ponderal index were significantly reduced in the offspring of mothers with a history of AN. In adolescence, parental interviews indicated an overrepresentation of current psychiatric diagnoses in the offspring of mothers with AN. Compared with the offspring in the COMP group, endocrinological, immune and metabolic disorders were much more common in the offspring of the AN group. In conclusion, a history of AN increases the risk of worse perinatal outcome of the offspring. Later on, in childhood and adolescence, psychiatric and physical morbidity may be overrepresented in the offspring of women with AN.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Gillberg, Pia, et al.
(author)
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Intervju med Anna Dyresius, Rautasvuoma sameby
- 1983
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Other publication (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Interview with Anna Dyresius from Rautasvuoma Sami Village. The interview was conducted by Pia Gillberg and Carina Ljung, students of the Swedish School of Library and Information Science in Borås, on January 13, 1983.
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| 6. |
- Gillberg, Pia, et al.
(author)
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Intervju med Margareta Stenberg, Laevas sameby
- 1983
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Other publication (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- INterview with Margareta Stenby, aged 53. The interview was conducted by SSLIS students Pia Gillberg and Carina Ljung on January 12, 1983.
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