| 1. |
- Gomes, Ashen, et al.
(författare)
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Impulse flashover characteristics of oil palm trunk (OPT) veneer plywood
- 2018
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Ingår i: 34th International Conference on Lightning Protection, ICLP 2018. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 9781538666357
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Oil palm is one of the largest crop industries in South East Asia, thus, it is of importance to use all parts of the Oil palm trees. Recently Oil Palm Trunks (OPT) have been used to make veneer, which can be processed to produce plywood. Even though OPT plywood doesn't have the same mechanical properties as timber, with proper treatment and adhesives during the processing of veneer to plywood, it can be made to compete with hardwood. OPT plywood has been used in various applications from wooden appliances to housing and roofing structures. These structures are at risk of surface flashovers through lightning and electrical breakdowns. However, no study has been conducted on the effects or characteristics of OPT plywood. In this paper, the effects of impulse surface flashover under different conditions on three-layered OPT plywood has been analyzed. Experiments were conducted to identify the characteristics of OPT under clean and dry, clean and wet, and contaminated surface conditions for both parallel and perpendicular fiber orientations. The 50% breakdown voltage was determined by the up and down method. Results identified the importance of the fibre orientation and the decrease in breakdown voltage under contaminants.
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| 2. |
- Adamaki, A. K., et al.
(författare)
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Breaking the barriers to interdisciplinarity: Contributions from the Environmental Research Infrastructures
- 2022
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- As science and technology evolve, interdisciplinary targets are anything but static, introducing additional levels of complexity and challenging further the initiatives to break the barriers to interdisciplinary research. For over a decade the community of the Environmental Research Infrastructures, forming the ENVRI cluster, has been building strong foundations to overcome these challenges and benefit the environmental sciences. One of the overarching goals of the ENVRI cluster is to provide more FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) data and services which will be open to everyone who wishes to get access to environmental observations, from scientists and research communities of scientifically diverse clusters to curious citizens, data scientists and policy makers.Starting with domain-specific use cases we further explore potential cross-domain cases, e.g. in the form of environmental science stories crossing disciplinary boundaries. A set of Jupyter Notebooks developed by the contributing Research Infrastructures (and accessible from a hub of services called the ENVRI-Hub) are promising tools to demonstrate and validate the capabilities of service provision among ENVRIs and across Science Clusters, and act as examples of what a user can achieve through the ENVRI-Hub. In one of the examples we investigate, a user-friendly well-structured Jupyter Notebook that makes use of research infrastructures’ application programming interfaces (APIs) jointly plots in a map the geographical locations of several Marine and Atmospheric stations (where the stations in this example are defined as measurement points actively collecting data). The FAIR principles provide a firm foundation defining the layer that supports the ENVRI-Hub structure and the preliminary results are promising. Considering that the APIs can become discoverable via a common ENVRI catalogue, the ENVRI-Hub aims to make full use of the machine-actionability of such a catalogue in the future to facilitate this kind of use case execution in the Hub itself.Acknowledgement: ENVRI-FAIR has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 824068. This work is only possible with the collaboration of the ENVRI-FAIR partners and thanks to the joint efforts of the whole ENVRI team.
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| 3. |
- Frischknecht, R., et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of the environmental assessment of an identical office building with national methods
- 2019
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Ingår i: IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. - : IOP Publishing. - 1755-1307 .- 1755-1315. ; , s. 012037-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The IEA EBC Annex 72 focuses on the assessment of the primary energy demand, greenhouse gas emissions and environmental impacts of buildings during production, construction, use (including repair and replacement) and end of life (dismantling), i.e. during the entire life cycle of buildings. In one of its activities, reference buildings (size, materialisation, operational energy demand, etc.) were defined on which the existing national assessment methods are applied using national (if available) databases and (national/regional) approaches. The "be2226" office building in Lustenau, Austria was selected as one of the reference buildings. TU Graz established a BIM model and quantified the amount of building elements as well as construction materials required and the operational energy demand. The building assessment was carried out using the same material and energy demand but applying the LCA approach used in the different countries represented by the participating Annex experts. The results of these assessments are compared in view of identifying major discrepancies. Preliminary findings show that the greenhouse gas emissions per kg of building material differ up to a factor of two and more. Major differences in the building assessments are observed in the transports to the construction site (imports) and the construction activities as well as in the greenhouse gas emissions of the operational energy demand (electricity). The experts document their practical difficulties and how they overcame them. The results of this activity are used to better target harmonisation efforts.
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| 4. |
- Frischknecht, R., et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of the greenhouse gas emissions of a high-rise residential building assessed with different national LCA approaches - IEA EBC Annex 72
- 2020
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Ingår i: IOP Conference Series. - : IOP Publishing. ; , s. 022029-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: The international research project IEA EBC Annex 72 investigates the life cycle related environmental impacts caused by buildings. The project aims inter alia to harmonise LCA approaches on buildings. Methods: To identify major commonalities and discrepancies among national LCA approaches, reference buildings were defined to present and compare the national approaches. A residential high-rise building located in Tianjin, China, was selected as one of the reference buildings. The main construction elements are reinforced concrete shear walls, beams and floor slabs. The building has an energy reference area of 4566 m2 and an operational heating energy demand of 250 MJ/m2a. An expert team provided information on the quantities of building materials and elements required for the construction, established a BIM model and quantified the operational energy demand. Results: The greenhouse gas emissions and environmental impacts of the building were quantified using 17 country-specific national assessment methods and LCA databases. Comparisons of the results are shown on the level of building elements as well as the complete life cycle of the building. Conclusions: The results of these assessments show that the main differences lie in the LCA background data used, the scope of the assessment and the reference study period applied. Despite the variability in the greenhouse gas emissions determined with the 17 national methods, the individual results are relevant in the respective national context of the method, data, tool and benchmark used. It is important that environmental benchmarks correspond to the particular LCA approach and database of a country in which the benchmark is applied. Furthermore, the results imply to include building technologies as their contribution to the overall environmental impacts is not negligible. Grant support: The authors thank the IEA for its organizational support and the funding organizations in the participating countries for their financial support.
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| 5. |
- Petzold, A., et al.
(författare)
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The ENVRI-Hub as a service for accelerating FAIRification of the Environment Domain Research Infrastructures
- 2023
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- European Environmental Research Infrastructures (ENVRIs) on the ESFRI level are core facilities for providing data, research products and services from the four subdomains of Earth system science – Atmosphere, Marine, Solid Earth, and Biodiversity/Terrestrial Ecosystems. The ENVRI Cluster represents the core component of the European environmental research infrastructure landscape, with the ENVRI community as their common forum for collaboration and co-creation. The topics covered by the ENVRIs span the entire range of scientific objectives relevant for Earth system monitoring.The community has developed the ENVRI-Hub as a central platform for accessing interdisciplinary FAIRfied environmental research assets, serving as an essential ENVRI community's interface to the European Open Science Cloud (EOSC). Through the ENVRI-Hub, the ENVRI community shares their FAIRness experience, technologies, and training as well as research products and services. The architecture and functionalities of the ENVRI-Hub are driven by scientific applications, use cases and user needs. Its three main pillars are the ENVRI Knowledge Base as the human interface to the ENVRI ecosystem, the ENVRI Catalogue of Services as the machine-actionable interface to the ENVRI ecosystem, and finally, subdomain and cross-domain scientific use cases as demonstrators for the capabilities of service provision among ENVRIs and across Science Clusters.The Science Demonstrators are being developed by several RIs in parallel. They are the key product to express the ENVRI-Hub’s potential regarding easy access to metadata and services, data discovery, as well as the promotion of interoperability in science across sub-domains. Science Demonstrators are built with Jupyter Notebooks - an open-source web application that allows one to create and share documents that contain live code, equations, visualizations, and narrative text. Uses include cross domain data access, data cleaning and transformation, numerical simulation, statistical modelling, data visualization, machine learning, and much more. The Jupyter Notebook environment forms the nucleus of the future ENVRI Virtual Research Environment.The ENVRI Science Demonstrators and Science Projects in the Horizon 2020 project EOSC Future aim at demonstrating how joint projects can address major challenges for Europe’s societies and how research infrastructures can support Horizon Europe’s missions within the EOSC. Presented Science Demonstrators cover one ENV domain wide service on the collocation of sampling sites, and two science cases from atmospheric and marine research, respectively.Acknowledgement: ENVRI-FAIR has received funding from the EU Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 824068. Part of the work is funded by the EU Horizon 2020 project EOSC Future under grant agreement No 101017536. This work is only possible with the collaboration of the ENVRI-FAIR partners and thanks to the joint efforts of the whole ENVRI-Hub team.
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| 6. |
- Soust-Verdaguer, B., et al.
(författare)
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Implications of using systematic decomposition structures to organize building LCA information: A comparative analysis of national standards and guidelines- IEA EBC ANNEX 72
- 2020
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Ingår i: IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. - : IOP Publishing. - 1755-1307 .- 1755-1315. ; 588:2
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: The application of the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) technique to a building requires the collection and organization of a large amount of data over its life cycle. The systematic decomposition method can be used to classify building components, elements and materials, overcome specific difficulties that are encountered when attempting to complete the life cycle inventory and increase the reliability and transparency of results. In this paper, which was developed in the context of the research project IEA EBC Annex 72, we demonstrate the implications of taking such approach and describe the results of a comparison among different national standards/guidelines that are used to conduct LCA for building decomposition. Methods: We initially identified the main characteristics of the standards/guidelines used by Annex participant countries. The “be2226” reference office building was used as a reference to apply the different national standards/guidelines related to building decomposition. It served as a basis of comparison, allowing us to identify the implications of using different systems/standards in the LCA practice, in terms of how these differences affect the LCI structures, LCA databases and the methods used to communicate results. We also analyzed the implications of integrating these standards/guidelines into Building Information Modelling (BIM) to support LCA. Results: Twelve national classification systems/ standards/guidelines for the building decomposition were compared. Differences were identified among the levels of decomposition and grouping principles, as well as the consequences of these differences that were related to the LCI organization. In addition, differences were observed among the LCA databases and the structures of the results. Conclusions: The findings of this study summarize and provide an overview of the most relevant aspects of using a standardized building decomposition structure to conduct LCA. Recommendations are formulated on the basis of these findings.
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| 7. |
- Gomes, A. R., et al.
(författare)
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ENVRI-Hub, the open-access platform of the environmental sciences community in Europe: a closer look into the architecture
- 2022
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The ENVRI-FAIR project brings together the ESFRI environmental research infrastructures (ENVRI) that provide environmental data and services, with the aim of making their resources compliant to the FAIR principles. To achieve this goal , the required work is mostly technical, with the ENVRIs working towards not only improving the FAIRness of their own data and services, but also reflecting their efforts at a higher level by becoming FAIR as a cluster. The approach of this task cannot be linear as it requires harmonization of efforts at different dimensions. To build on a common ground, the most crucial technical gaps have been prioritized and the ENVRIs identify common requirements and design patterns, and collaborate on making good use of existing technical solutions that improve their FAIRness. One of the highest ranked priorities, and obviously among the biggest challenges, is the design of a machine actionable ENVRI Catalogue of Services that also supports the integration into the EOSC. Through this catalogue the service providers will be able to make their assets findable and accessible by mapping their resources into common and rich metadata standards, while by means of a web application the human interaction with the FAIR services can be accomplished. The design of this application, named the ENVRI-Hub, is discussed here. Other aspects related to the ENVRI services, e.g. the use of PIDs, the use of relevant vocabularies, tracking license information and provenance etc. are also investigated. Considering the ENVRI-Hub as a web application, this can act as an integrator by bringing together already existing ENVRI services and interoperable services across research infrastructure boundaries . Exploring the potentials of the ENVRI-Hub already from the design phase, the ingestion of metadata from ENVRI assets such as the ENVRI Knowledge Base, the ENVRI Catalogue of Services and the ENVRI Training Catalogue is investigated, aiming to provide the users with functionalities that are relevant to e.g. the discovery of environmental observations, services, tutorials and other available resources. The chosen architectural pattern for the development of the ENVRI-Hub can be compared to a classical n-tier architecture, comprising 1) a data tier, 2) a logic tier and 3) a presentation tier. To integrate the different ENVRI platforms while preserving the application’s independence, the ENVRI-Hub demonstrator aims to replicate an instance of the Knowledge Base and Catalogue of Services. Following a centralised architectural approach, the ENVRI-Hub serves as a harvester entity, collecting data and metadata from the ENVRI Knowledge Base and the ENVRI Catalogue of Services, therefore bringing together these ENVRI platforms into one single portal.Acknowledgement: ENVRI-FAIR has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 824068.This work is only possible with the collaboration of the ENVRI-FAIR partners and thanks to the joint efforts of the whole ENVRI-Hub team.
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