| 1. |
- Kattge, Jens, et al.
(författare)
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TRY plant trait database - enhanced coverage and open access
- 2020
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Ingår i: Global Change Biology. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1354-1013 .- 1365-2486. ; 26:1, s. 119-188
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plant traits-the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants-determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait-based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits-almost complete coverage for 'plant growth form'. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait-environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives.
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| 2. |
- Aumayr, E., et al.
(författare)
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Service-based Analytics for 5G open experimentation platforms
- 2022
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Ingår i: Computer Networks. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 1389-1286 .- 1872-7069. ; 205
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A scalable, flexible and reliable Analytics service has become a requirement toward building efficient Fifth Generation (5G) experimental platforms that can support a suite of end-user experiments and verticals. Our paper presents the challenges that come with designing such a service-based Analytics component, and shows how we have used it in the context of open experimental platforms in the 5GENESIS project. Our Analytics service was designed both for enabling the efficient setup and configuration of the underlying platform, and also for ensuring that it provides useful insights into the experimentation Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) toward the end-user. Thus, Analytics proved to be a useful tool across several stages, starting from ensuring correct operation during the initial phases of the network setup and continuing into the normal day-to-day experimentation. Our experiments show how the tool was used in our setup and provide information on how to apply it to different environments. The Analytics component, designed as a set of microservices that serve several goals in the analytics workflow, is also provided as open source, being part of the Open5Genesis suite.
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| 3. |
- Gómez-Llano, Miguel, et al.
(författare)
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Environmental variation shapes and links parasitism to sexual selection
- 2023
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Ingår i: Evolutionary Ecology. - : Springer. - 0269-7653 .- 1573-8477. ; 37:4, s. 585-600
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Parasite-driven population divergence in hosts can be exacerbated by environmental factors affecting host parasitism, as well as by increasing sexual selection against parasitized hosts. Environmental factors can influence parasitism directly by affecting parasite survival, and indirectly by affecting host condition, which can in turn shape host sexual selection. To disentangle these potential alternative paths, we used a damselfly (host) - water mite (parasite) system to examine how environmental factors directly and indirectly drive heterogeneity in parasitism across populations and influence the strength of sexual selection acting against parasitized males. We found substantial heterogeneity in parasitism across populations, driven mainly by lake pH, and damselfly density. Although this heterogeneity in parasitism did not translate directly into variation in sexual selection, the density of predatory fish increased sexual selection strength, likely through the effects on damselfly condition. These results imply that parasitism alone may not cause differences in sexual selection across populations, but when linked with underlying environmental conditions, parasitism can increase the strength of selection. More broadly, these results suggest that elucidating how parasitism may drive sexual selection requires consideration of the intwined effects of ecological processes.
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| 4. |
- Gómez-Llano, Miguel, et al.
(författare)
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Interactions between fitness components across the life cycle constrain competitor coexistence
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Animal Ecology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0021-8790 .- 1365-2656. ; 92:12, s. 2297-2308
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Numerous mechanisms can promote competitor coexistence. Yet, these mechanisms are often considered in isolation from one another. Consequently, whether multiple mechanisms shaping coexistence combine to promote or constrain species coexistence remains an open question.Here, we aim to understand how multiple mechanisms interact within and between life stages to determine frequency-dependent population growth, which has a key role stabilizing local competitor coexistence.We conducted field experiments in three lakes manipulating relative frequencies of two Enallagma damselfly species to evaluate demographic contributions of three mechanisms affecting different fitness components across the life cycle: the effect of resource competition on individual growth rate, predation shaping mortality rates, and mating harassment determining fecundity. We then used a demographic model that incorporates carry-over effects between life stages to decompose the relative effect of each fitness component generating frequency-dependent population growth.This decomposition showed that fitness components combined to increase population growth rates for one species when rare, but they combined to decrease population growth rates for the other species when rare, leading to predicted exclusion in most lakes.Because interactions between fitness components within and between life stages vary among populations, these results show that local coexistence is population specific. Moreover, we show that multiple mechanisms do not necessarily increase competitor coexistence, as they can also combine to yield exclusion. Identifying coexistence mechanisms in other systems will require greater focus on determining contributions of different fitness components across the life cycle shaping competitor coexistence in a way that captures the potential for population-level variation.
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| 5. |
- Gómez-Llano, Miguel, et al.
(författare)
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Meta-analytical evidence for frequency-dependent selection across the tree of life
- 2024
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Ingår i: Ecology Letters. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1461-023X .- 1461-0248. ; 27:8
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Explaining the maintenance of genetic variation in fitness-related traits within populations is a fundamental challenge in ecology and evolutionary biology. Frequency-dependent selection (FDS) is one mechanism that can maintain such variation, especially when selection favours rare variants (negative FDS). However, our general knowledge about the occurrence of FDS, its strength and direction remain fragmented, limiting general inferences about this important evolutionary process. We systematically reviewed the published literature on FDS and assembled a database of 747 effect sizes from 101 studies to analyse the occurrence, strength, and direction of FDS, and the factors that could explain heterogeneity in FDS. Using a meta-analysis, we found that overall, FDS is more commonly negative, although not significantly when accounting for phylogeny. An analysis of absolute values of effect sizes, however, revealed the widespread occurrence of modest FDS. However, negative FDS was only significant in laboratory experiments and non-significant in mesocosms and field-based studies. Moreover, negative FDS was stronger in studies measuring fecundity and involving resource competition over studies using other fitness components or focused on other ecological interactions. Our study unveils key general patterns of FDS and points in future promising research directions that can help us understand a long-standing fundamental problem in evolutionary biology and its consequences for demography and ecological dynamics. In nature, there is ample evidence of local adaptation among populations, which would predict an erosion of genetic variation due to natural selection. However, numerous studies have documented substantial genetic variation in most traits, more than could be explained by mutation alone. Here, we present a literature review and meta-analysis showing evidence of negative frequency-dependence selection, in agreement with this mechanism maintaiing genetic variation.
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| 6. |
- Guenkova-Luy, T., et al.
(författare)
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Multimedia Service Provisioning in a B3G Service Creation Platform
- 2005
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Future wireless systems will be heterogeneous and highly adaptive. In this environment, it is important to dis-cover, create and adapt (multimedia) services and content and to integrate these processes into a platform so that pervasive systems, application services and other user-centric services can utilise them easily. In this paper, we present a Multimedia Service Provisioning Platform (MMSPP), designed for sys-tems beyond 3G. The MMSPP orchestrates multimedia ses-sion control and content adaptation. Adaptation processes, based on MPEG-21 DIA, are coordinated via SIP/SDPng and guided through user/terminal profiles and network characteris-tics. The platform provides mechanisms for service discovery and interacts with accounting, charging and network QoS mechanisms
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Urban, Mark C., et al.
(författare)
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When and how can we predict adaptive responses to climate change?
- 2024
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Ingår i: Evolution Letters. - : Oxford University Press. - 2056-3744. ; 8:1, s. 172-187
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Predicting if, when, and how populations can adapt to climate change constitutes one of the greatest challenges in science today. Here, we build from contributions to the special issue on evolutionary adaptation to climate change, a survey of its authors, and recent literature to explore the limits and opportunities for predicting adaptive responses to climate change. We outline what might be predictable now, in the future, and perhaps never even with our best efforts. More accurate predictions are expected for traits characterized by a well-understood mapping between genotypes and phenotypes and traits experiencing strong, direct selection due to climate change. A meta-analysis revealed an overall moderate trait heritability and evolvability in studies performed under future climate conditions but indicated no significant change between current and future climate conditions, suggesting neither more nor less genetic variation for adapting to future climates. Predicting population persistence and evolutionary rescue remains uncertain, especially for the many species without sufficient ecological data. Still, when polled, authors contributing to this special issue were relatively optimistic about our ability to predict future evolutionary responses to climate change. Predictions will improve as we expand efforts to understand diverse organisms, their ecology, and their adaptive potential. Advancements in functional genomic resources, especially their extension to non-model species and the union of evolutionary experiments and "omics," should also enhance predictions. Although predicting evolutionary responses to climate change remains challenging, even small advances will reduce the substantial uncertainties surrounding future evolutionary responses to climate change. Preventing biological impacts from climate change will require accurate predictions about which species and ecosystems are most at risk and how best to protect them. Despite some progress, most predictive efforts still omit the potential for evolution to mediate climate change impacts. Here, we evaluate what is predictable now, in the future, and likely never based on recent literature, a survey of authors, and authors' contributions to a special issue on climate change evolution. Evidence indicates a growing ability to predict at least some components underlying evolutionary dynamics. For instance, the direct effects of climate change often alter natural selection regimes that could elicit evolutionary responses assuming sufficient additive genetic variation. We found no evidence for an increase or decrease in evolvability under future climate conditions, but we did find an overall moderate level of evolvability. However, the specific genetics underlying potential adaptive changes are still a "black box" that remains difficult to predict. We not only discuss the opportunities afforded by new genomic techniques to elucidate these genetic black boxes but also caution that the costs and limitations of such techniques for many species might not warrant their general practicality. We highlight further progress and challenges in predicting gene flow and population persistence, both of which can facilitate evolutionary rescue. We finish by listing ten activities that are needed to accelerate future progress in predicting climate change evolution. Despite the many complexities, we are relatively optimistic that evolutionary responses to climate change are becoming more accurate through time, especially assuming a more focused effort to fill key knowledge gaps in the coming years.
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