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Sökning: WFRF:(Gonzalez Carlos) > Övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt

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1.
  • Bernal, Ximena E., et al. (författare)
  • Empowering Latina scientists
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 363:6429, s. 825-826
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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2.
  • Kehoe, Laura, et al. (författare)
  • Make EU trade with Brazil sustainable
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 364:6438, s. 341-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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  • Espert, Ana, 1977- (författare)
  • Strategies for improving mechanical properties of polypropylene/cellulose composites
  • 2005
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The interest for polypropylene/cellulose composites has experienced a great increase in different applications such as car interiors and construction materials. Cellulose fibres are inexpensive, renewable, biodegradable, they present lower density and their mechanical properties can be compared to those of inorganic fillers. However, several factors must be considered when designing polypropylene/cellulose composites: the poor compatibility between the hydrophilic fibres and the hydrophobic thermoplastic matrix leads to a weak interface, which has to be improved by coupling agents; the hydrophilic nature of the fibres makes them very sensitive towards water absorption, which also leads to a loss of properties and swelling with subsequent dimensional instability; the reduced thermal stability of cellulose fibres leads to degradation of the fibres at thermoplastic processing temperatures producing odours in the final material; and finally the properties of composites are greatly influenced by the structure, size and quality of the fibres. Pulp fibres modified by different methods in order to enhance the compatibility fibre-matrix, were tested. Modified fibres led to improved mechanical properties and thermal behaviour when used in composites with recycled polypropylene. Four different types of natural fibres were used as reinforcement in two different polypropylene types: virgin and recycled polypropylene. The mechanical properties of the composites were mostly dependent on the fibre loading and slightly dependent on the type of fibre. Moreover, water absorption kinetics was studied by the Fickian diffusion theory. After absorption, a remarkable loss of properties was observed. Hydrolysed cellulose fibres showed a greater enhancing effect on polypropylene than non-hydrolysed cellulose fibres. This is attributed to the greater mechanical properties of reduced cellulose structures. The effect of using cellulose fibres in PP/clay nanocomposites was also studied. The interaction between the clay particles and the cellulose fibres and the combined effect of both reinforcements were believed to be the main reasons for the enhancing properties.
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6.
  • Fierro-González, Juan Carlos (författare)
  • The plasticity of aging and survival : a role for the thioredoxin system in Caenorhabditis elegans
  • 2011
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Thioredoxin and related systems regulate many biological processes in diverse species. In mammals, in addition to protecting against oxidative damage, they also play key roles as regulators of transcription factors, signaling cascades and immune responses. Many discoveries made in mammalian models have contributed to the description of numerous functions for the thioredoxin and related systems. However, studies performed in mammalian models offer limited information and versatility with respect to how the thioredoxin system dynamically interacts with the surrounding environment in living animals. For instance, in vivo examination of mammalian mutants is severely restricted since systemic mutations for thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase result in embryonic lethality. In the invertebrate animal model Caenorhabditis elegans, survival programs during post-embryonic development and aging are plastic, and modifiable by the environment. Hence, C. elegans provides a framework for the use of effective cell-biological and genetic tools to investigate in vivo the biology of thioredoxins and related proteins in the context of a changing environment. Here, we show that the C. elegans genome contains many putative homologs of the mammalian thioredoxin system and related molecules. Moreover, we report for the first time in any metazoan that a thioredoxin gene (trx-1) is expressed only in the nervous system and is involved in the regulation of aging (Paper I). In addition, we show that the selenoprotein, thioredoxin reductase (TRXR-1), instead of protecting against oxidative stress, is responsible, together with glutathione reductase (GSR-1), for the removal of old cuticle during molting in C. elegans. Our findings suggest that TRXR-1 and GSR-1 regulate molting likely by activating glutathione (GSH) function in the cuticle (Paper II). Next, we demonstrate that the thioredoxin TRX-1 is involved in ASJ neuron-dependent signaling pathways that regulate dauer formation in C. elegans. Our data suggest that redox-independent functions of TRX-1 in ASJ neurons are necessary to modulate neuropeptide expression, including that of the insulin-like neuropeptide gene daf-28, during dauer formation (Paper III). Lastly, we show for the first time in an in vivo animal model that a thioredoxin (TRX-1) is necessary for the metabolic changes triggered by dietary restriction (DR) to extend adult lifespan. We are also the first to show that DR upregulates thioredoxin (trx-1) expression in the nervous system. We propose that DR activates TRX-1 in ASJ neurons of aging adults to then stimulate the metabolic changes necessary to extend adult lifespan (Paper IV). In conclusion, we show evidence for the crucial role of conserved members of the thioredoxin system in controlling aging and survival in C. elegans. Furthermore, the data presented suggest the plastic nature of molting, dauer formation and aging in C. elegans and how the thioredoxin system and related molecules assist to maintain such environmental sensitivity. Basic cell-biological processes and the thioredoxin and related systems possess a substantial degree of functional conservation between mammals and invertebrates. Hence, the novel roles discovered for thioredoxins and related molecules to regulate aging and survival in C. elegans, might lead the way in disclosing similar mechanisms in mammals.
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  • Parsmo, Rasmus, et al. (författare)
  • BRAVE ECO – Benchmark for Reduction of Anchoring Vessels’ Emissions – Enabling Change of Operation
  • 2021
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • This feasibility study aims to evaluate the possibilities to reduce air emissions from ships anchored in port areas and, then especially the Port of Gothenburg. For this purpose, the study uses two main approaches. Firstly, it analyses the reasons and legal/business aspects for anchoring. Secondly, this study develops a reproducible calculation model for anchored vessels' CO2 emissions. Regulation of anchoring sites are not entirely clear since international regulation partly applies, also it is not clear who is responsible for the anchoring sites. This implies that the port´s scope of action is limited mainly to the ships that are calling the port. However, also emission from other ships at in the port area has been evaluated in this study to get a broader perspective. This pre-study provides both qualitative and quantitative findings and it is produced using mixed methods, including workshops with relevant port stakeholders. It also involves different scientific disciplines and several authors from the Port of Gothenburg Authority, IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Maritime Studies at Chalmers University of Technology and the School of Business, Economics and Law at the University of Gothenburg. Furthermore, in connection to this study, one bachelor's thesis and two master's theses have been carried out. The results show that it is mainly tanker ships that are anchoring in Gothenburg and that their main reasons for anchoring are related to awaiting Laycan or waiting for an available berth. The companies involved in the study generally combine time charter and voyage charter contracts to access vessel capacity. The inputs from the workshops, the interviews conducted with stakeholders and the international literature are “rather” consistent: combining just in time arrival with slow steaming has a great potential for making a business case and to reduce fuel consumption and thereby emissions. However, there are many barriers which needs to be addressed, such as: lack of trust, improving information sharing (actors now communicate via phone or email), loss of income (due to demurrage), attitudes in the industry, the “first come, first serve” concept, risk of missing estimated time of arrival and port infrastructure. Even if there are many barriers, several actors in the port already have experience of combining just in time arrival and slow steaming. In this study, we develop a reproducible emission calculation model that calculates CO2eq emissions. The emissions are partly calculated by using the ships’ positions (AIS-data) from 2019, to extract the time spent at anchor. The emission model calculates the anchored vessels' total CO2eq emissions, but the model also calculates the theoretical potential for avoiding emission by using the time at anchor to slow steam. The results show that all tanker ships that anchored outside the port in 2019, could theoretically have reduced their emissions with about 30 ktonnes CO2eq, if they would have been notified of delays 24 hours before arrival and then reduced their speed to 10 knots. The results also show that using time to slow steam have a much greater potential to reduce emissions than if the ships would only reduce the time at anchor (by using fewer ships to perform the same transport work). This is especially true for the initial speed reductions (10-14 knots). This study also evaluates the emission calculation methods and assesses the uncertainties, by comparing different sources and underlying assumptions with real world data. The study argues that it is problematic to just use default values proposed in the global emission inventory issued by the International Maritime Organization (IMO). Using default values for estimating emission makes it harder to estimate the real effect of a new policy, regulation, or incentive in the port. However, a better emission inventory requires that on-board visits are made or that data is obtained digitally. The largest calculation uncertainties now are for boiler fuel consumption and bunker ships fuel consumption at the anchorage areas.
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10.
  • Pérez-Torrado, Francisco José, et al. (författare)
  • Eruptive Styles at the Teide Volcanic Complex
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Teide Volcano. - : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. ; , s. 213-231
  • Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The wide variety of volcanic products composing the Teide VolcanicComplex (TVC) reflects an unusual assemblage of eruptive styles, with awide range of phenomena represented and only plinian and phreato-plinian styles truly lacking. This diversity is due to spatial and temporalvariations in magma composition (mafic magmas of the rift zones andfelsic magmas of the central edifice), variable magmatic volatile contentsand the interaction of magma with external water (snow, groundwater,etc.). Overall, strombolian eruptions are the most frequent eruptive styleat the TVC. Explosive eruptions of felsic material tend to be of lowvolume, for example, the largest explosive event during the Holocene, Montaña Blanca (ca. 2 ka), produced*0.2 km3DRE of phonoliticpumice during an eruptive sequence that reached explosivity of sub-plinian magnitude. Examples of phreatomagmatic activity (surge depos-its) have been described both on the northern flanks of Teide volcano aswell as from the summit area of Pico Viejo volcano. Until now moststudies on volcanic hazard assessment have focussed on ash fall and lavaflow hazards in the Canary Islands, but phreatomagmatic eruptions andtheir potential effects may have to be seriously considered as well.
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