| 1. |
- Díaz-Sánchez, Adrian A., et al.
(författare)
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Molecular detection and identification of tick-borne pathogens in Equus caballus and ticks from western Cuba : [Detección e identificación molecular de patógenos transmitidos por garrapatas en Equus caballus y garrapatas del occidente de Cuba]
- 2022
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Ingår i: Biotecnologia Aplicada. - : Elfos Scientiae. - 0864-4551 .- 1027-2852. ; 39:2, s. 2501-2505
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Babesia caballi, Theileria equi and several species of rickettsias are agents of vector-borne diseases that affect equines. The objective of this study was to detect infections by B. caballi and T. equi in horses and to identify rickettsias in horses and ticks in the western region of Cuba. Two nPCR assays were developed and standardized for the detection of B. caballi and T. equi. Blood samples from horses and ticks were collected. Identification by blood smear and molecular detection and identification of B. caballi, T. equi and Rickettsia spp. were carried out. Intraerythrocytic formations compatible with B. caballi and T. equi were observed. The nPCR showed that 25 % of the samples were positive for B. caballi, 73 % for T. equi and 20 % showed coinfection. The results were confirmed with the partial sequencing of the genes bc48 (B. caballi) and ema-1 (T. equi). The sequencing of the 18S rRNA gene of T. equi demonstrated the presence of at least two genotypes of T. equi isolates in Cuba. The real time qPCR assay and sequencing revealed the presence of Rickettsia amblyommatis in A. mixtum and Rickettsia felis in D. nitens.Conclusions: These results constitute the first piece of molecular evidence of B. caballi and T. equi in horses and the first report of R. felis in D. nitens in Cuba, which broadens the knowledge about the distribution of pathogens and the spectrum of potential vectors contributing to the strengthening of management and control programs.
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| 2. |
- García-Martín, Noemi, et al.
(författare)
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Sugar reduction in musts with nanofiltration membranes to obtain low alcohol-content wines
- 2010
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Ingår i: Separation and Purification Technology. - : Elsevier. - 1383-5866 .- 1873-3794. ; 76:2, s. 158-170
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Our aim here is to study the sugar reduction in musts to obtain wines with a slight alcohol reduction by nanofiltration. Specifically, sugar reduction is achieved by two successive nanofiltration steps. To test the method, we have worked with two types of musts: a white must from Verdejo grapes and a red one from Tinta de Toro grapes. The musts obtained from the nanofiltration treatment have been mixed with untreated must or with the retentate of the first nanofiltration stage in a proportion adequate to reduce the alcohol content of the resulting wines by 2 degrees.To verify the effectiveness of the process, each of these musts has been fermented along with an untreated control sample of the same must. The alcohol reduction in the wines has been satisfactory. However, a slight loss in the color and aroma of some compounds has been detected. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 3. |
- Garcia-Martin, Noemi, et al.
(författare)
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Sugar reduction in white and red musts with nanofiltration membranes
- 2011
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Ingår i: Desalination and Water Treatment. - : Balaban Publishers. - 1944-3994 .- 1944-3986. ; 27:1-3, s. 167-174
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent years the alcohol content of wine increases mainly due to climate change. Moreover, at present, consumers are increasingly demanding more aromatic and less alcoholic wines, it is due to the greater social awareness in the alcohol consumption and the regulations of the alcoholic products. The aim of this work is the reduction of sugar in the grape must to obtain wines with a slight reduction of their alcoholic degree. A reduction of sugar has been by performing two successive stages of nanofiltration. To this end, we have worked with two types of musts: one from the Verdejo variety of white grapes and the other from red grapes of the Tinta de Toro variety. Each must has been fermented both after treatment and, to be used as control, without any filtration in order to check the effectiveness of the process. Once fermentation is completed, wide-ranging analysis have been used to study all possible changes in the characteristics of the wine from a chemical point of view. The alcohol reduction reached by the wines obtained after nanofiltration and mixing of both white and red musts has been satisfactory.
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| 4. |
- Crous, P. W., et al.
(författare)
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Fusarium : more than a node or a foot-shaped basal cell
- 2021
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Ingår i: Studies in mycology. - : CENTRAALBUREAU SCHIMMELCULTURE. - 0166-0616 .- 1872-9797. ; :98
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent publications have argued that there are potentially serious consequences for researchers in recognising distinct genera in the terminal fusarioid clade of the family Nectriaceae. Thus, an alternate hypothesis, namely a very broad concept of the genus Fusarium was proposed. In doing so, however, a significant body of data that supports distinct genera in Nectriaceae based on morphology, biology, and phylogeny is disregarded. A DNA phylogeny based on 19 orthologous protein-coding genes was presented to support a very broad concept of Fusarium at the F1 node in Nectriaceae. Here, we demonstrate that re-analyses of this dataset show that all 19 genes support the F3 node that represents Fusarium sensu stricto as defined by F. sambucinum (sexual morph synonym Gibberella pulicaris). The backbone of the phylogeny is resolved by the concatenated alignment, but only six of the 19 genes fully support the F1 node, representing the broad circumscription of Fusarium. Furthermore, a re-analysis of the concatenated dataset revealed alternate topologies in different phylogenetic algorithms, highlighting the deep divergence and unresolved placement of various Nectriaceae lineages proposed as members of Fusarium. Species of Fusarium s. str. are characterised by Gibberella sexual morphs, asexual morphs with thin- or thick-walled macroconidia that have variously shaped apical and basal cells, and trichothecene mycotoxin production, which separates them from other fusarioid genera. Here we show that the Wollenweber concept of Fusarium presently accounts for 20 segregate genera with clear-cut synapomorphic traits, and that fusarioid macroconidia represent a character that has been gained or lost multiple times throughout Nectriaceae. Thus, the very broad circumscription of Fusarium is blurry and without apparent synapomorphies, and does not include all genera with fusarium-like macroconidia, which are spread throughout Nectriaceae (e.g., Cosmosporella, Macroconia, Microcera). In this study four new genera are introduced, along with 18 new species and 16 new combinations. These names convey information about relationships, morphology, and ecological preference that would otherwise be lost in a broader definition of Fusarium. To assist users to correctly identify fusarioid genera and species, we introduce a new online identification database, Fusarioid-ID, accessible at www.fusarium.org. The database comprises partial sequences from multiple genes commonly used to identify fusarioid taxa (act1, CaM, his3, rpb1, rpb2, tef1, tub2, ITS, and LSU). In this paper, we also present a nomenclator of names that have been introduced in Fusarium up to January 2021 as well as their current status, types, and diagnostic DNA barcode data. In this study, researchers from 46 countries, representing taxonomists, plant pathologists, medical mycologists, quarantine officials, regulatory agencies, and students, strongly support the application and use of a more precisely delimited Fusarium (= Gibberella) concept to accommodate taxa from the robust monophyletic node F3 on the basis of a well-defined and unique combination of morphological and biochemical features. This F3 node includes, among others, species of the F. fujikuroi, F. incarnatum-equiseti, F. oxysporum, and F. sambucinum species complexes, but not species of Bisifusarium [F. dimerum species complex (SC)], Cyanonectria (F. buxicola SC), Geejayessia (F. staphyleae SC), Neocosmospora (F. solani SC) or Rectifusarium (F. ventricosum SC). The present study represents the first step to generating a new online monograph of Fusarium and allied fusarioid genera (www.fusarium.org).
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| 5. |
- Krovacek, Karel, et al.
(författare)
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Phenotypic characterization and putative virulence factors of human, animal and environmental isolates of Plesiomonas shigelloides
- 2010
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Ingår i: Folia Microbiologica. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0015-5632 .- 1874-9356. ; 55, s. 641-647
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plesiomonas shigelloides (a bacterium widely distributed in aquatic ecosystems causing both intestinal and extra-intestinal diseases) shows a host of putative virulence markers, such as hemolysins, cytotoxins, production of exoenzymes associated with pathogenicity, adhesive ability and vacuolation of cell lines in vitro. Technical difficulties in detecting some of these virulence factors together with scantiness of epidemiological information, due to the lack of routine analysis for P. shigelloides as etiological agent of gastroenteritis, lead to sporadic and occasional finding of these bacteria. All this casts doubt on the real virulence potential of P. shigelloides and fuels a debate about assignment of these bacteria to the list of human pathogens. Here we demonstrated the phenotypic diversity and the putative virulence markers by examining serotype biochemical and virulence properties of 60 strains of P. shigelloides isolated from human, animal and environmental samples in different countries, which showed the unpredictable occurrence of the above properties depending on various locations and diverse sources.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Alberto Gonzalez-Bermudez, Carlos, et al.
(författare)
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Physicochemical properties of different thickeners used in infant foods and their relationship with mineral availability during in vitro digestion process
- 2015
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Ingår i: Food Research International. - : Elsevier BV. - 0963-9969. ; 78, s. 62-70
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Locust bean gum (LBG) and modified starches are commonly used as thickeners in food products for infants. However, there is no consensus on their possible effects on infant nutrition, especially on mineral availability. The aim of the present work was to characterize the effect of LBG, cross-linked, hydroxypropylated maize starch (Mhdp) and pre-gelatinized rice starch (gRS) on Ca, Fe and Zn availability during a gastric and intestinal in vitro digestion assay in relation to their physicochemical properties in solution (apparent viscosity, solubility, molar mass (M) and conformational properties) through the simulated digestion process. LEG gave the highest decrease in Ca and Fe gastric (17.96% and 17.6% respectively) and intestinal (19.5% and 13.5%) solubility with respect to the reference without thickeners. Ca (11.1% +/- 1.1), Fe (2.77% +/- 0.3) and Zn (7.78% +/- 0.6) dialyzability was also lower than for the reference (23.4% +/- 2.9; 19.65% +/- 3.53 and 27.74% +/- 33 respectively). LBG solubility remained stable during gastric digestion, decreasing significantly from a range of 65-69% to 61.1% after intestinal digestion. LBG viscosity remained stable during the digestion process, being these findings attributable to its resistance to enzymes. On the other hand, the addition to Mhdp or gRS slightly affected Ca and Fe solubility or Ca dialyzability, decreasing after gastric digestion and then increasing after intestinal digestion with respect to the reference. These results correlated to the changes in their viscosity enhancing properties, which increased during gastric digestion and decreased after intestinal digestion, being attributable to their digestion by pancreatic enzymes. Gastric digestion resulted in an increase in M for the modified starches (more pronounced for gRS). The increase in mineral solubility and dialyzability after intestinal digestion with respect to the gastric stage was explained by the degradation of starches by intestinal enzymes, which resulted in a decrease in apparent shear viscosity (from 1.2 to 1 Pa s, measured in a shear rate range 0.00-50 s(-1)) and an increase in solubility (from 3 to 6% to approximately 70%) after intestinal digestion. In conclusion, LBG could be more effective than Mhdp and gRS as thickener, providing higher viscosity and resistance to digestive process. However, its negative effect on mineral solubility and dialyzability should be taken into account. On the contrary, Mhdp and gRS showed to be degraded after intestinal digestion. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 8. |
- Eussen, Simone JPM, et al.
(författare)
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Plasma folate, related genetic variants, and colorectal cancer risk in EPIC
- 2010
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Ingår i: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention. - 1055-9965 .- 1538-7755. ; 19:5, s. 1328-1340
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Findings of the present study tend to weaken the evidence that folate plays an important role in CRC carcinogenesis. However, larger sample sizes are needed to adequately address potential gene-environment interactions.
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| 9. |
- Jenab, Mazda, et al.
(författare)
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Association between pre-diagnostic circulating vitamin D concentration and risk of colorectal cancer in European populations : a nested case-control study
- 2010
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Ingår i: BMJ. British Medical Journal. - : BMJ Publishing Group. - 0959-8146 .- 0959-535X. ; 340, s. b5500-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between pre-diagnostic circulating vitamin D concentration, dietary intake of vitamin D and calcium, and the risk of colorectal cancer in European populations. DESIGN: Nested case-control study. Setting The study was conducted within the EPIC study, a cohort of more than 520 000 participants from 10 western European countries. PARTICIPANTS: 1248 cases of incident colorectal cancer, which developed after enrolment into the cohort, were matched to 1248 controls MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Circulating vitamin D concentration (25-hydroxy-vitamin-D, 25-(OH)D) was measured by enzyme immunoassay. Dietary and lifestyle data were obtained from questionnaires. Incidence rate ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the risk of colorectal cancer by 25-(OH)D concentration and levels of dietary calcium and vitamin D intake were estimated from multivariate conditional logistic regression models, with adjustment for potential dietary and other confounders. RESULTS: 25-(OH)D concentration showed a strong inverse linear dose-response association with risk of colorectal cancer (P for trend <0.001). Compared with a pre-defined mid-level concentration of 25-(OH)D (50.0-75.0 nmol/l), lower levels were associated with higher colorectal cancer risk (<25.0 nmol/l: incidence rate ratio 1.32 (95% confidence interval 0.87 to 2.01); 25.0-49.9 nmol/l: 1.28 (1.05 to 1.56), and higher concentrations associated with lower risk (75.0-99.9 nmol/l: 0.88 (0.68 to 1.13); >or=100.0 nmol/l: 0.77 (0.56 to 1.06)). In analyses by quintile of 25-(OH)D concentration, patients in the highest quintile had a 40% lower risk of colorectal cancer than did those in the lowest quintile (P<0.001). Subgroup analyses showed a strong association for colon but not rectal cancer (P for heterogeneity=0.048). Greater dietary intake of calcium was associated with a lower colorectal cancer risk. Dietary vitamin D was not associated with disease risk. Findings did not vary by sex and were not altered by corrections for season or month of blood donation. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this large observational study indicate a strong inverse association between levels of pre-diagnostic 25-(OH)D concentration and risk of colorectal cancer in western European populations. Further randomised trials are needed to assess whether increases in circulating 25-(OH)D concentration can effectively decrease the risk of colorectal cancer.
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