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- Lind, Alexandra, et al.
(författare)
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Ocular findings and growth in 5-year-old preterm children born to mothers with preeclampsia
- 2020
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Ingår i: Acta Ophthalmologica. - : Wiley. - 1755-375X .- 1755-3768. ; 98:7, s. 671-678
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose To evaluate growth, blood pressure and ophthalmological status in preschool children born preterm to mothers with preeclampsia. Methods In a prospective cohort study, 78 children (34 girls) born preterm without retinopathy of prematurity were examined regarding length/height, weight, head circumference and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) at birth and at 5 years of age. At 5 years, IGF-binding protein 3 and blood pressure were also measured. A detailed ophthalmological examination including ocular dimensions, fundus morphology, visual fields, visual evoked potentials and perceptual visual dysfunction was performed. Children born to preeclamptic mothers (n = 24) were compared to children with non-preeclamptic mothers (n = 54). Results Children exposed to preeclampsia had lower weight (p = 0.0002, mean difference -1.46, 95% CI -2.09; -0.83), length (p = 0.013, -1.10, 95% CI -1.92; -0.23) and IGF-I levels (p = 0.0002, -26.0, 95% CI -36.0; -16.1) at birth compared to non-exposed children. At 5 years of age, the preeclamptic group had larger optic cup areas (p = 0.0006, 0.32, 95% CI 0.15; 0.46, in right eye, p = 0.049, 0.18, 95% CI 0.001; 0.35, in left eye). There was no significant difference between the groups regarding other ophthalmological findings or blood pressure. Children with reduced eye motility had lower neonatal IGF-I levels (p = 0.033, 15.5, 95% CI 1.1; 30.3). Conclusion Preeclampsia was shown to affect growth and IGF-I levels, confirming previous studies. Children exposed to preeclampsia were shown to have larger optic cup areas. Furthermore, lower neonatal IGF-I levels were seen in preterm children with reduced eye motility at 5 years of age.
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- Raffa, Lina H., et al.
(författare)
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Ocular dimensions in relation to auxological data in a sample of Swedish children aged 4-15 years
- 2014
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Ingår i: Acta Ophthalmologica. - : Wiley. - 1755-375X .- 1755-3768. ; 92:7, s. 682-688
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PurposeThe purpose was to characterize normal growth patterns of ocular and optical components and to relate them to auxological data in a sample of Swedish children aged 4-15years. MethodsA prospective cross-sectional study was carried out in 143 Swedish children with a mean age of 9.8years. Variables including gestational age (GA), weight, length and head circumference (HCF) at birth and at the time of assessment were registered. Visual acuity (VA), cycloplegic refraction and biometric measures were obtained. Palpebral fissure length and inner canthal distance were measured. Optic disc morphology as seen on fundus photographs was analysed. ResultsChildren born more mature, with male predilection, were found to have deeper anterior and vitreous chamber depths, longer axial lengths and thinner crystalline lens thickness. No correlations were found between ocular biometric measurements and VA or refraction after adjustment for confounding variables. Inner canthal distance was significantly correlated with birth length (p=0.03), height, weight, BMI and HCF (p=0.0008, p=0.0007, p=0.037, and p=0.04, respectively) at time of assessment. Total axial length was found to be significantly correlated with GA (p=0.0226) and length at assessment in girls (p=0.0084). Right optic disc and rim areas decreased with increasing age (p=0.0078 and p=0.0107, respectively); however, optic disc parameters were not dependent on any other variable. ConclusionThese normative values may serve as a basis for the ocular findings and their relationship to auxological data in Caucasian children aged 4-15years, as well as for future comparison in patients with paediatric ocular pathologies.
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- Raffa, Lina H., et al.
(författare)
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Ophthalmological findings in relation to auxological data in moderate-to-late preterm preschool children
- 2015
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Ingår i: Acta Ophthalmologica. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1755-375X .- 1755-3768. ; 93:7, s. 635-641
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: To evaluate ophthalmological findings in preschool children born moderate-to- late preterm (MLP) and relate the findings to auxological data at birth and at 5.5 years of age.METHODS: Seventy-eight MLP children [gestational age (GA) 32-36 weeks; 34 girls; mean age 5.7 years] were investigated. Gestational age, weight, length and head circumference at birth and at the time of assessment were registered. Visual acuity (VA), refraction, orthoptic evaluation, slit-lamp examination and ophthalmoscopy were conducted, and a history of visuoperceptual problems was recorded. The data were compared with age- and sex-matched controls born full term (n = 35).RESULTS: Ophthalmological abnormalities were noted in 82% of MLP children and 47% of controls (p = 0.0004). There was a significant difference with regard to impaired motility (p = 0.03), heterophoria at distance (p = 0.006) and refraction expressed as spherical equivalent dioptre (p = 0.01). Amongst auxological data at birth, birthweight (BW) was the strongest predictor to ophthalmological abnormalities (p = 0.0003). In a stepwise logistic regression, GA was the strongest predictor of VA outcome at time of assessment (p = 0.0036). Moderate-to-late preterm birth showed a 2.4-fold increased risk of refractive errors compared with full-term children (RR 2.39: 95% CI 1.10-5.20; p = 0.02).CONCLUSION: Based on our findings, MLP birth may be associated with increased ocular morbidity compared with their full-term counterparts. Auxological data at birth, especially BW, seems to be an important factor when conducting an ophthalmological diagnosis in preschool MLP children, and an increased VA was correlated to a higher GA.
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