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- Lind, Alexandra, et al.
(författare)
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Ocular findings and growth in 5-year-old preterm children born to mothers with preeclampsia
- 2020
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Ingår i: Acta Ophthalmologica. - : Wiley. - 1755-375X .- 1755-3768. ; 98:7, s. 671-678
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose To evaluate growth, blood pressure and ophthalmological status in preschool children born preterm to mothers with preeclampsia. Methods In a prospective cohort study, 78 children (34 girls) born preterm without retinopathy of prematurity were examined regarding length/height, weight, head circumference and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) at birth and at 5 years of age. At 5 years, IGF-binding protein 3 and blood pressure were also measured. A detailed ophthalmological examination including ocular dimensions, fundus morphology, visual fields, visual evoked potentials and perceptual visual dysfunction was performed. Children born to preeclamptic mothers (n = 24) were compared to children with non-preeclamptic mothers (n = 54). Results Children exposed to preeclampsia had lower weight (p = 0.0002, mean difference -1.46, 95% CI -2.09; -0.83), length (p = 0.013, -1.10, 95% CI -1.92; -0.23) and IGF-I levels (p = 0.0002, -26.0, 95% CI -36.0; -16.1) at birth compared to non-exposed children. At 5 years of age, the preeclamptic group had larger optic cup areas (p = 0.0006, 0.32, 95% CI 0.15; 0.46, in right eye, p = 0.049, 0.18, 95% CI 0.001; 0.35, in left eye). There was no significant difference between the groups regarding other ophthalmological findings or blood pressure. Children with reduced eye motility had lower neonatal IGF-I levels (p = 0.033, 15.5, 95% CI 1.1; 30.3). Conclusion Preeclampsia was shown to affect growth and IGF-I levels, confirming previous studies. Children exposed to preeclampsia were shown to have larger optic cup areas. Furthermore, lower neonatal IGF-I levels were seen in preterm children with reduced eye motility at 5 years of age.
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- Lind, Alexandra, et al.
(författare)
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Visual Function and Fundus Morphology in Relation to Growth and Cardiovascular Status in 10-Year-Old Moderate-to-Late Preterm Children
- 2018
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Ingår i: American Journal of Ophthalmology. - : Elsevier. - 0002-9394 .- 1879-1891. ; 195, s. 121-130
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: To study visual function and ocular fundus morphology in relation to growth, metabolic status, and blood pressure in moderate-to-late preterm (MLP) children at 10 years of age.DESIGN: Prospective cohort study.METHODS: In this population-based observational study, nonsyndromic MLP children born in Gothenburg, Sweden, were examined neonatally in the years 2002-2003 concerning length, weight, head circumference, and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). At 10 years of age, 33 children (10 girls) were examined regarding previously mentioned variables, and regarding visual acuity, refraction, fundus morphology, IGF binding protein 3, leptin, adiponectin, and blood pressure. An age- and sex-matched control group consisted of 28 children (9 girls).RESULTS: Myopia was more commonly found in MLP children than in controls (P = .004, 95% CI 1.8 to 49.8). The MLP group had smaller optic disc area (P = .01, 95% CI -0.5 to -0.1), smaller rim area (P = .001, 95% CI -0.5 to -0.2), fewer branching points (P = .0001, 95% CI -5.7 to -2.1), and higher index of tortuosity of arteries (P = .03, 95% CI 0.002 to 0.03) and veins (P = .02, 95% CI 0.003 to 0.02). Refraction correlated with IGF-I (P = .0005, rs = 0.60 in right eye, and P = .002, rs = 0.55 in left eye) at 10 years of age. Tortuosity of arteries at assessment correlated with neonatal IGF-I levels (P = .03, rs = -0.39). Tortuosity of veins correlated with a leptin/adiponectin ratio at assessment (P = .04, rs = 0.37).CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that being born MLP is associated with myopia, smaller optic disc and rim areas, and abnormal retinal vascularization. Furthermore, metabolic status and growth factors seem to have an impact on ocular development.
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- Raffa, Lina H., et al.
(författare)
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Electrophysiological changes in 12-year-old children born MLP : reduced VEP amplitude in MLP children
- 2017
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Ingår i: British Journal of Ophthalmology. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 0007-1161 .- 1468-2079. ; 101:9, s. 1156-1161
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To study the electrophysiological changes in relation to fundus morphology in moderate-to-late preterm (MLP) children with no previous history of retinopathy of prematurity.METHODS: Visual acuity (VA), refraction and fundus variables measured by optical coherence tomography, pattern reversal visual evoked potentials and full-field electroretinography (ff-ERG) were obtained from 22 twelve-year-old MLP children (11 male, 11 female) and 21 full-term controls.RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the MLP and control groups in VA, refraction or optic disc parameters. There was a trend for thinner papillary retinal nerve fibre layer in the MLP group. Visual evoked potential amplitudes (P100) were lower in the MLP group than in controls, that is, right eye p=0.0027, left eye p=0.0037. No differences in latencies were found. After Bonferroni adjustment for multiple testing, no ff-ERG differences were noted between MLP and controls. Lower gestational age was correlated with smaller light-adapted 3.0 b-wave amplitudes (p=0.0076, r=0.565).CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that moderate premature birth may affect visual evoked potential amplitudes without clear retinal structural changes in MLP children at 12 years of age.
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- Raffa, Lina H., et al.
(författare)
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Ocular morphology and visual function in relation to general growth in moderate-to-late preterm school-aged children
- 2016
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Ingår i: Acta Ophthalmologica. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1755-375X .- 1755-3768. ; 94:7, s. 712-720
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: To study ocular morphology and visual function in relation to general growth in moderate-to-late preterm (MLP) children.METHODS: Visual acuity (VA), refraction, optic disc parameters, biometric values and anthropometric measures were obtained from 50 eight-year-old MLP and 43 full-term children. Macular parameters were examined by optical coherence tomography. Serum insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) levels were analysed at birth and at assessment and delta IGF-I was calculated.RESULTS: Total macular volume was significantly less in MLP than in controls (both eyes p < 0.01). Macular volume correlated with head circumference (HCF) at assessment [right eye (RE) p = 0.002, r = 0.67; left eyes (LE) p = 0.01, r = 0.54] and refraction (both eyes p < 0.05, r = 0.4) in the MLP children. Furthermore, central retinal thickness correlated significantly with delta IGF-I (RE p = 0.03, r = -0.51, LE p = 0.006, r = -0.59) and refraction (both eyes p < 0.01, r = 0.5) and optic disc areas correlated with weight and height at assessment (all p < 0.05, r = 0.4). Total axial length correlated with HCF at assessment (both eyes p < 0.01, r = 0.5) and VA logMAR (both eyes p < 0.02, r = -0.4).CONCLUSIONS: Macular volume was significantly less in MLP children than in controls examined at 8 years of age. General growth of children and IGF-I levels seem to be involved in development of ocular growth and morphology.
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- Raffa, Lina H., et al.
(författare)
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Ophthalmological findings in relation to auxological data in moderate-to-late preterm preschool children
- 2015
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Ingår i: Acta Ophthalmologica. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1755-375X .- 1755-3768. ; 93:7, s. 635-641
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: To evaluate ophthalmological findings in preschool children born moderate-to- late preterm (MLP) and relate the findings to auxological data at birth and at 5.5 years of age.METHODS: Seventy-eight MLP children [gestational age (GA) 32-36 weeks; 34 girls; mean age 5.7 years] were investigated. Gestational age, weight, length and head circumference at birth and at the time of assessment were registered. Visual acuity (VA), refraction, orthoptic evaluation, slit-lamp examination and ophthalmoscopy were conducted, and a history of visuoperceptual problems was recorded. The data were compared with age- and sex-matched controls born full term (n = 35).RESULTS: Ophthalmological abnormalities were noted in 82% of MLP children and 47% of controls (p = 0.0004). There was a significant difference with regard to impaired motility (p = 0.03), heterophoria at distance (p = 0.006) and refraction expressed as spherical equivalent dioptre (p = 0.01). Amongst auxological data at birth, birthweight (BW) was the strongest predictor to ophthalmological abnormalities (p = 0.0003). In a stepwise logistic regression, GA was the strongest predictor of VA outcome at time of assessment (p = 0.0036). Moderate-to-late preterm birth showed a 2.4-fold increased risk of refractive errors compared with full-term children (RR 2.39: 95% CI 1.10-5.20; p = 0.02).CONCLUSION: Based on our findings, MLP birth may be associated with increased ocular morbidity compared with their full-term counterparts. Auxological data at birth, especially BW, seems to be an important factor when conducting an ophthalmological diagnosis in preschool MLP children, and an increased VA was correlated to a higher GA.
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