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- Eek, Frida, et al.
(författare)
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Differences in socioeconomic and gender inequalities in tobacco smoking in Denmark and Sweden; a cross sectional comparison of the equity effect of different public health policies
- 2010
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Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Denmark and Sweden are considered to be countries of rather similar socio-political type, but public health policies and smoking habits differ considerably between the two neighbours. A study comparing mechanisms behind socioeconomic inequalities in tobacco smoking, could yield information regarding the impact of health policy and -promotion in the two countries. Methods: Cross-sectional comparisons of socioeconomic and gender differences in smoking behaviour among 6 995 Danish and 13 604 Swedish persons aged 18-80 years. Results: The prevalence of smoking was higher in Denmark compared to Sweden. The total attributable fraction (TAF) of low education regarding daily smoking was 36% for Danish men and 35% for Danish women, and 32% and 46%, respectively, for Swedish men and women. TAF of low education regarding continued smoking were 16.2% and 15.8% for Danish men and women, and 11.0% and 18.8% for Swedish men and women, respectively The main finding of the study was that the socioeconomic patterning of smoking, based on level of education and expressed as the relative contribution to the total burden of smoking exposure, was rather different in Sweden and Denmark. Moreover, these differences were modified by gender and age. As a general pattern, socioeconomic differences in Sweden tended to contribute more to the total burden of this habit among women, especially in the younger age groups. In men, the patterns were much more similar between the two countries. Regarding continued smoking/unsuccessful quitting, the patterns were similar for women, but somewhat different for men. Here we found that socioeconomic differences contributed more to overall continued smoking in Danish men, especially in the middle-age and older age strata. Conclusion: The results imply that Swedish anti-smoking policy and/or implemented measures have been less effective in a health equity perspective among the younger generation of women, but more effective among men, compared to Danish policy implementation. The results also raises the more general issue regarding the possible need for a trade-off principle between overall population efficacy versus equity efficacy of anti-tobacco, as well as general public health policies and intervention strategies.
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| 2. |
- Moussa, Kontie, et al.
(författare)
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Socioeconomic differences in smoking trends among pregnant women at first antenatal visit in Sweden 1982-2001 : increasing importance of educational level for the total burden of smoking
- 2009
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Ingår i: Tobacco Control. - : BMJ. - 0964-4563 .- 1468-3318. ; 18:2, s. 92-97
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: There was a decrease in smoking during early pregnancy in Swedish women between 1982 and 2001. We sought to determine whether there was a parallel decrease in socioeconomic inequality in smoking. METHODS: Registry data indicating educational level and smoking status at first antenatal visit in all 2,022,469 pregnancies in Sweden 1982-2001 were analysed. Prevalence differences, odds ratios based on prevalences and total attributable fractions were compared for five-year intervals. RESULTS: The prevalence differences of smoking showed a greater decrease at the lowest and middle educational level compared with the highest educational level (14.5%, 15.7% and 10.2%, respectively) indicating reduced inequality in absolute terms. However, odds ratios regarding low educational attainment versus high, increased from 5.6 to 14.2, signifying increased inequality in relative terms. Moreover, the total attributable fraction of low and intermediate educational level regarding smoking at first antenatal visit increased from 61% to 76% during the period studied. CONCLUSIONS: Smoking at first antenatal visit in Sweden between 1982 to 2001 decreased in a way that conclusions regarding trends in inequalities in smoking at first antenatal visit depend on the type of measure applied. However, using the measure of total attributable fraction, which takes into consideration the impact of the exposure on the individual as well as the effect of the varying size of the group of exposed, the growing importance of educational level for the behaviour in the population was demonstrated.
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