| 1. |
- Kish, Laszlo Bela, et al.
(författare)
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Electrical Maxwell Demon and Szilard Engine Utilizing Johnson Noise, Measurement, Logic and Control
- 2012
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 7:10, s. e46800-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We introduce a purely electrical version of Maxwell's demon which does not involve mechanically moving parts such as trapdoors, etc. It consists of a capacitor, resistors, amplifiers, logic circuitry and electronically controlled switches and uses thermal noise in resistors (Johnson noise) to pump heat. The only types of energy of importance in this demon are electrical energy and heat. We also demonstrate an entirely electrical version of Szilard's engine, i.e., an information-controlled device that can produce work by employing thermal fluctuations. The only moving part is a piston that executes work, and the engine has purely electronic controls and it is free of the major weakness of the original Szilard engine in not requiring removal and repositioning the piston at the end of the cycle. For both devices, the energy dissipation in the memory and other binary informatics components are insignificant compared to the exponentially large energy dissipation in the analog part responsible for creating new information by measurement and decision. This result contradicts the view that the energy dissipation in the memory during erasure is the most essential dissipation process in a demon. Nevertheless the dissipation in the memory and information processing parts is sufficient to secure the Second Law of Thermodynamics.
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| 2. |
- Kish, Laszlo Bela, et al.
(författare)
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Response to "Comment on 'Zero and negative energy dissipation at information-theoretic erasure'"
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Computational Electronics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1569-8025 .- 1572-8137. ; 15:1, s. 343-346
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We prove that statistical information-theoretic quantities, such as information entropy, cannot generally be interrelated with the lower limit of energy dissipation during information erasure. We also point out that, in deterministic and error-free computers, the information entropy of memories does not change during erasure because its value is always zero. On the other hand, for information-theoretic erasure-i.e., "thermalization"/randomization of the memory-the originally zero information entropy (with deterministic data in the memory) changes after erasure to its maximum value, 1 bit/memory bit, while the energy dissipation is still positive, even at parameters for which the thermodynamic entropy within the memory cell does not change. Information entropy does not convert to thermodynamic entropy and to the related energy dissipation; they are quantities of different physical nature. Possible specific observations (if any) indicating convertibility are at most fortuitous and due to the disregard of additional processes that are present.
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| 3. |
- Kish, Laszlo Bela, et al.
(författare)
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Spectra for the Product of Gaussian Noises
- 2012
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Ingår i: METROL MEAS SYST. - 0860-8229. ; 19:4, s. 653-658
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Products of Gaussian noises often emerge as the result of non-linear detection techniques or as parasitic effects, and their proper handling is important in many practical applications, including fluctuation-enhanced sensing, indoor air or environmental quality monitoring, etc. We use Rice's random phase oscillator formalism to calculate the power density spectra variance for the product of two Gaussian band-limited white noises with zero-mean and the same bandwidth W. The ensuing noise spectrum is found to decrease linearly from zero frequency to 2W, and it is zero for frequencies greater than 2W. Analogous calculations performed for the square of a single Gaussian noise confirm earlier results. The spectrum at non-zero frequencies, and the variance of the square of a noise, is amplified by a factor two as a consequence of correlation effects between frequency products. Our analytic results are corroborated by computer simulations.
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| 4. |
- Kish, Laszlo Bela, et al.
(författare)
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Zero and negative energy dissipation at information-theoretic erasure
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Computational Electronics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1569-8025 .- 1572-8137. ; 15:1, s. 335-339
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We introduce information-theoretic erasure based on Shannon's binary channel formula. It is pointed out that this type of erasure is a natural energy-dissipation-free way in which information is lost in double-potential-well memories, and it may be the reason why the brain can forget things effortlessly. We also demonstrate a new non-volatile, charge-based memory scheme wherein the erasure can be associated with even negative energy dissipation; this implies that the memory's environment is cooled during information erasure and contradicts Landauer's principle of erasure dissipation. On the other hand, writing new information into the memory always requires positive energy dissipation in our schemes. Finally, we show a simple system where even a classical erasure process yields negative energy dissipation of arbitrarily large energy.
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| 5. |
- Mingesz, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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Unconditional security by the laws of classical physics
- 2013
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Ingår i: METROLOGY AND MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS. - : Polish Academy of Sciences Chancellery. - 0860-8229. ; 20:1, s. 3-16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is an ongoing debate about the fundamental security of existing quantum key exchange schemes. This debate indicates not only that there is a problem with security but also that the meanings of perfect, imperfect, conditional and unconditional (information theoretic) security in physically secure key exchange schemes are often misunderstood. It has been shown recently that the use of two pairs of resistors with enhanced Johnson-noise and a Kirchhoff-loop - i.e., a Kirchhoff-Law-Johnson-Noise (KLJN) protocol - for secure key distribution leads to information theoretic security levels superior to those of today's quantum key distribution. This issue is becoming particularly timely because of the recent full cracks of practical quantum communicators, as shown in numerous peer-reviewed publications. The KLJN system is briefly surveyed here with discussions about the essential questions such as (i) perfect and imperfect security characteristics of the key distribution, and (ii) how these two types of securities can be unconditional (or information theoretical).
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| 6. |
- Zhang, Bruce, et al.
(författare)
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Drawing from hats by noise-based logic
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Journal of Parallel, Emergent and Distributed Systems. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1744-5760 .- 1744-5779. ; :32, s. 244-251
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We utilize the asymmetric random telegraph wave-based instantaneous noise-base logic scheme to represent the problem of drawing numbers from a hat, and we consider two identical hats with the first 2N integer numbers. In the first problem, Alice secretly draws an arbitrary number from one of the hats, and Bob must find out which hat is missing a number. In the second problem, Alice removes a known number from one of the hats and another known number from the other hat, and Bob must identify these hats. We show that, when the preparation of the hats with the numbers is accounted for, the noise-based logic scheme always provides an exponential speed-up and/or it requires exponentially smaller computational complexity than deterministic alternatives. Both the stochasticity and the ability to superpose numbers are essential components of the exponential improvement.
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