| 1. |
- Mills, James A., et al.
(författare)
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Archiving Primary Data : Solutions for Long-Term Studies
- 2015
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Ingår i: Trends in Ecology & Evolution. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-5347 .- 1872-8383. ; 30:10, s. 581-589
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The recent trend for journals to require open access to primary data included in publications has been embraced by many biologists, but has caused apprehension amongst researchers engaged in long-term ecological and evolutionary studies. A worldwide survey of 73 principal investigators (PIs) with long-term studies revealed positive attitudes towards sharing data with the agreement or involvement of the PI, and 93% of PIs have historically shared data. Only 8% were in favor of uncontrolled, open access to primary data while 63% expressed serious concern. We present here their viewpoint on an issue that can have non-trivial scientific consequences. We discuss potential costs of public data archiving and provide possible solutions to meet the needs of journals and researchers.
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| 4. |
- Barnaby, Jonathan, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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The role of nepotism, cooperation, and competition in the avian families
- 2010
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Bok (refereegranskat)abstract
- A large number of bird species live in stable groups, and this sets the scene for complex social behaviours, such as cooperative breeding. The vast majority of groups consist of families which arise when young postpone dispersal and remain with their parents beyond independence. However, the factors selecting for the evolution of families and thus also cooperative breeding among birds, are still a challenging puzzle. The currently accepted key explanation for the evolution of families and cooperative breeding focuses on dispersal constraints. While constraints successfully explain within‐population dispersal decisions, they fail as an ultimate explanation because offspring in the majority of species face some sort of dispersal constraint, yet still disperse promptly. Recent alternative explanations focus on the role of philopatry and nepotism, and emphasise a key role of life‐history for the evolution of families. Phylogenetic analyses and field studies have indicated that living in family groups is far more widespread among long‐lived species than short‐lived ones. A long lifespan gives parents the opportunity to invest in their offspring for a prolonged period, while this option is less viable for short‐lived species. Thus, living with nepotistic parents provides offspring with direct fitness benefits that can select for the evolution of family living beyond independence. Nevertheless this generalisation is brought into question since many long‐lived bird species do not live in family groups. An alternative approach attempts to explain family living through the variation in territory quality. Here the incentive to remain with the parents is created by the availability of resources on the natal territory independent of parental nepotism. However, there is not only cooperation, conflicts are also common place in families. Living with independent, sexually mature offspring can lead to conflicts through a change in resource availability or the death of aparent. Therefore families can be expected to be dynamic societies where both parent and offspring decisions depend on each other, and family maintenance depends upon the current ecological conditions. Based on this background, here we review recent studies that have investigated the processes that facilitate family formation, and which highlight both cooperation and conflict that arises from living in family groups. We examine the strengths of current models and explore ideas for a more coherent framework in which to understand prolonged family association in birds. We argue that two paths lead to family living, depending on the life-history. In medium-short lived species where the postponement of independent reproduction comes at a high cost, offspring can benefit from an association with their parents until the next breeding season. In longer-lived species, offspring actually benefit from postponing the onset of independent reproduction, making family living beyond the first year of life an adaptive strategy, and giving the option for cooperative breeding. These processes are illustrated by 5 species-specific case studies. We then finally suggest a number of key questions to developing a deeper understanding of the evolution of family living in birds.
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| 5. |
- Bliard, Louis, et al.
(författare)
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Family living and cooperative breeding in birds are associated with the number of avian predators
- 2024
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Ingår i: EVOLUTION. - 0014-3820 .- 1558-5646. ; 78:7, s. 1317-1324
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cooperative breeding occurs when individuals contribute parental care to offspring that are not their own. Numerous intra- and interspecific studies have aimed to explain the evolution of this behavior. Recent comparative work suggests that family living (i.e., when offspring remain with their parents beyond independence) is a critical stepping stone in the evolution of cooperative breeding. Thus, it is key to understand the factors that facilitate the evolution of family living. Within-species studies suggest that protection from predators is a critical function of group living, through both passive benefits such as dilution effects and active benefits such as prosocial antipredator behaviors in family groups. However, the association between predation risk and the formation and prevalence of family groups and cooperative breeding remains untested globally. Here, we use phylogenetic comparative analyses including 2,984 bird species to show that family living and cooperative breeding are associated with increased occurrence of avian predators. These cross-species findings lend support to previous suggestions based on intraspecific studies that social benefits of family living, such as protection against predation, could favor the evolution of delayed dispersal and cooperative breeding.
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| 6. |
- Covas, R, et al.
(författare)
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Life history and the evolution of family living in birds
- 2007
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Biological Sciences. - : The Royal Society. - 0962-8452 .- 1471-2954. ; 274:1616, s. 1349-1357
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The reason why some bird species live in family groups is an important question of evolutionary biology that remains unanswered. Families arise when young delay the onset of independent reproduction and remain with their parents beyond independence. Explanations for why individuals forgo independent reproduction have hitherto focused on dispersal constraints, such as the absence of high-quality breeding openings. However, while constraints successfully explain within-population dispersal decisions, they fail as an ultimate explanation for variation in family formation across species. Most family-living species are long-lived and recent life-history studies demonstrated that a delayed onset of reproduction can be adaptive in long-lived species. Hence, delayed dispersal and reproduction might be an adaptive life-history decision rather than ‘the best of a bad job’. Here, we attempt to provide a predictive framework for the evolution of families by integrating life-history theory into family formation theory. We suggest that longevity favours a delayed onset of reproduction and gives parents the opportunity of a prolonged investment in offspring, an option which is not available for short-lived species. Yet, parents should only prolong their investment in offspring if this increases offspring survival and outweighs the fitness cost that parents incur, which is only possible under ecological conditions, such as a predictable access to resources. We therefore propose that both life-history and ecological factors play a role in determining the evolution of family living across species, yet we suggest different mechanisms than those proposed by previous models.
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| 7. |
- Cunha, Filipe C. R., et al.
(författare)
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Who do you trust? : Wild birds use social knowledge to avoid being deceived
- 2021
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Ingår i: Science Advances. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 2375-2548. ; 7:22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many species give deceptive warning calls, enabled by the high risk of ignoring them. In Siberian jays, a territorial, group-living bird, individuals give warning calls toward perched predators and mob them. However, intruding neighbors can emit these warning calls in the absence of predators to access food, but breeders often ignore these calls. Playback field experiments show that breeders flee sooner and return later after warning calls of former group members than those of neighbors or unknown individuals. Thus, breeders respond appropriately only to warning calls of previous cooperation partners. This mechanism facilitates the evolution and maintenance of communication vulnerable to deceptive signaling. This conclusion also applies to human language because of its cooperative nature and thus, its vulnerability to deception.
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| 8. |
- Dufour, Paul, 1992, et al.
(författare)
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The importance of migratory drop-off for island colonization in birds
- 2024
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Ingår i: PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES. - 0962-8452 .- 1471-2954. ; 291:2021
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Seasonal migration is an underappreciated driver of animal diversification. Changes in migratory behaviour may favour the establishment of sedentary founder populations and promote speciation if there is sufficient reproductive isolation between sedentary and migratory populations. From a systematic literature review, we here quantify the role of migratory drop-off-the loss of migratory behaviour-in promoting speciation in birds on islands. We identify at least 157 independent colonization events likely initiated by migratory species that led to speciation, including 44 cases among recently extinct species. By comparing, for all islands, the proportion of island endemic species that derived from migratory drop-off with the proportion of migratory species among potential colonizers, we showed that seasonal migration has a larger effect on island endemic richness than direct dispersal. We also found that the role of migration in island colonization increases with the geographic isolation of islands. Furthermore, the success of speciation events depends in part on species biogeographic and ecological factors, here positively associated with greater range size and larger flock sizes. These results highlight the importance of shifts in migratory behaviour in the speciation process and calls for greater consideration of migratory drop-off in the biogeographic distribution of birds.
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