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| 2. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(author)
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A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
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In: eLIFE. - : eLife Sciences Publications Ltd. - 2050-084X. ; 5
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.5–22.7) and 16.5 cm (13.3– 19.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8– 144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
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| 3. |
- Zhou, Bin, et al.
(author)
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Worldwide trends in diabetes since 1980: A pooled analysis of 751 population-based studies with 4.4 million participants
- 2016
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In: The Lancet. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 387:10027, s. 1513-1530
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: One of the global targets for non-communicable diseases is to halt, by 2025, the rise in the age standardised adult prevalence of diabetes at its 2010 levels. We aimed to estimate worldwide trends in diabetes, how likely it is for countries to achieve the global target, and how changes in prevalence, together with population growth and ageing, are aff ecting the number of adults with diabetes.Methods: We pooled data from population-based studies that had collected data on diabetes through measurement of its biomarkers. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in diabetes prevalence-defined as fasting plasma glucose of 7.0 mmol/L or higher, or history of diagnosis with diabetes, or use of insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs-in 200 countries and territories in 21 regions, by sex and from 1980 to 2014. We also calculated the posterior probability of meeting the global diabetes target if post-2000 trends continue.Findings: We used data from 751 studies including 4372000 adults from 146 of the 200 countries we make estimates for. Global age-standardised diabetes prevalence increased from 4.3% (95% credible interval 2.4-17.0) in 1980 to 9.0% (7.2-11.1) in 2014 in men, and from 5.0% (2.9-7.9) to 7.9% (6.4-9.7) in women. The number of adults with diabetes in the world increased from 108 million in 1980 to 422 million in 2014 (28.5% due to the rise in prevalence, 39.7% due to population growth and ageing, and 31.8% due to interaction of these two factors). Age-standardised adult diabetes prevalence in 2014 was lowest in northwestern Europe, and highest in Polynesia and Micronesia, at nearly 25%, followed by Melanesia and the Middle East and north Africa. Between 1980 and 2014 there was little change in age-standardised diabetes prevalence in adult women in continental western Europe, although crude prevalence rose because of ageing of the population. By contrast, age-standardised adult prevalence rose by 15 percentage points in men and women in Polynesia and Micronesia. In 2014, American Samoa had the highest national prevalence of diabetes (>30% in both sexes), with age-standardised adult prevalence also higher than 25% in some other islands in Polynesia and Micronesia. If post-2000 trends continue, the probability of meeting the global target of halting the rise in the prevalence of diabetes by 2025 at the 2010 level worldwide is lower than 1% for men and is 1% for women. Only nine countries for men and 29 countries for women, mostly in western Europe, have a 50% or higher probability of meeting the global target.Interpretation: Since 1980, age-standardised diabetes prevalence in adults has increased, or at best remained unchanged, in every country. Together with population growth and ageing, this rise has led to a near quadrupling of the number of adults with diabetes worldwide. The burden of diabetes, both in terms of prevalence and number of adults aff ected, has increased faster in low-income and middle-income countries than in high-income countries.
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| 4. |
- Axelberg, P., et al.
(author)
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Trace of Flicker Sources by using the Quantity of Flicker power.
- 2008
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In: IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery. - : IEEE. - 0885-8977 .- 1937-4208. ; 23:1, s. 465-471
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Industries that produce flicker are often placed close to each other and connected to the same power grid system. This implies that the measured flicker level at the point of common coupling (PCC) is a result of contribution from a number of different flicker sources. In a mitigation process it is essential to know which one of the flicker sources is the dominant one. We propose a method to determine the flicker propagations and trace the flicker sources by using flicker power measurements. Flicker power is considered as a quantity containing both sign and magnitude. The sign determines if a flicker source is placed downstream or upstream with respect to a given monitoring point and the magnitude is used to determine the propagation of flicker power throughout the power network and to trace the dominant flicker source. This paper covers the theoretical background of flicker power and describes a novel method for calculation of flicker power that can be implemented in a power network analyzer. Also conducted simulations and a field test based on the proposed method will be described in the paper.
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| 5. |
- Bagheri, Azam, et al.
(author)
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A Framework Based on Machine Learning for Analytics of Voltage Quality Disturbances
- 2022
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In: Energies. - : MDPI. - 1996-1073. ; 15:4
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper proposes a machine-learning-based framework for voltage quality analytics, where the space phasor model (SPM) of the three-phase voltages before, during, and after the event is applied as input data. The framework proceeds along with three main steps: (a) event extraction, (b) event characterization, and (c) additional information extraction. During the first step, it utilizes a Gaussian-based anomaly detection (GAD) technique to extract the event data from the recording. Principal component analysis (PCA) is adopted during the second step, where it is shown that the principal components correspond to the semi-minor and semi-major axis of the ellipse formed by the SPM. During the third step, these characteristics are interpreted to extract additional information about the underlying cause of the event. The performance of the framework was verified through experiments conducted on datasets containing synthetic and measured power quality events. The results show that the combination of semi-major axis, semi-minor axis, and direction of the major axis forms a sufficient base to characterize, classify, and eventually extract additional information from recorded event data.
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| 6. |
- Bollen, Math H. J., et al.
(author)
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Signal processing of power-quality disturbances
- 2006
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In: Johh Wiley & Sons - IEEE Press. - Piscataway, NJ : IEEE Communications Society. - 0471731684 ; , s. 888-
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Book (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Bridging the gap between power quality and signal processing This innovative new text brings together two leading experts, one from signal processing and the other from power quality. Combining their fields of expertise, they set forth and investigate various types of power quality disturbances, how measurements of these disturbances are processed and interpreted, and, finally, the use and interpretation of power quality standards documents. As a practical aid to readers, the authors make a clear distinction between two types of power quality disturbances: Variations: disturbances that are continuously present Events: disturbances that occur occasionally A complete analysis and full set of tools are provided for each type of disturbance: Detailed examination of the origin of the disturbance Signal processing measurement techniques, including advanced techniques and those techniques set forth in standards documents Interpretation and analysis of measurement data Methods for further processing the features extracted from the signal processing into site and system indices The depth of coverage is outstanding: the authors present and analyze material that is not covered in the standards nor found in the scientific literature. This text is intended for two groups of readers: students and researchers in power engineering who need to use signal processing techniques for power system applications, and students and researchers in signal processing who need to perform power system disturbance analyses and diagnostics. It is also highly recommended for any engineer or utility professional involved in power quality monitoring.
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| 7. |
- Cai, H., et al.
(author)
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Model-Driven Development Patterns for Mobile Services in Cloud of Things
- 2018
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In: IEEE Transactions on Cloud Computing. - : IEEE. - 2168-7161. ; 6:3, s. 771-784
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Cloud of Things (CoT) is an integration of Internet of Things (IoT) and cloud computing for intelligent and smart application especially in mobile environment. Model Driven Architecture (MDA) is used to develop Software as a Service (SaaS) so as to facilitate mobile application development by relieving developers from technical details. However, traditional service composition or mashup are somewhat unavailable due to complex relations and heterogeneous deployed environments. For the purpose of building cloud-enabled mobile applications in a configurable and adaptive way, Model-Driven Development Patterns based on semantic reasoning mechanism are provided towards CoT application development. Firstly, a meta-model covering both multi-view business elements and service components are provided for model transformation. Then, based on formal representation of models, three patterns from different tiers of Model-View-Controller (MVC) framework are used to transform business models into service component system so as to configure cloud services rapidly. Lastly, a related software platform is also provided for verification. The result shows that the platform is applicable for rapid system development by means of various service integration patterns.
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| 8. |
- Ge, Chenjie, 1991, et al.
(author)
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Deep Feature Clustering for Seeking Patterns in Daily Harmonic Variations
- 2021
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In: IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement. - : IEEE. - 0018-9456 .- 1557-9662. ; 70
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article proposes a novel scheme for analyzing power system measurement data. The main question that we seek answers in this study is on “whether one can find some important patterns that are hidden in the large data of power system measurements such as variational data.” The proposed scheme uses an unsupervised deep feature learning approach by first employing a deep autoencoder (DAE) followed by feature clustering. An analysis is performed by examining the patterns of clusters and reconstructing the representative data sequence for the clustering centers. The scheme is illustrated by applying it to the daily variations of harmonic voltage distortion in a low-voltage network. The main contributions of the article include: 1) providing a new unsupervised deep feature learning approach for seeking possible underlying patterns of power system variation measurements and 2) proposing an effective empirical analysis approach for understanding the measurements through examining the underlying feature clusters and the associated reconstructed data by DAE.
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| 9. |
- Ge, Chenjie, 1991, et al.
(author)
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Unsupervised deep learning and analysis of harmonic variation patterns using big data from multiple locations
- 2021
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In: Electric power systems research. - : Elsevier. - 0378-7796 .- 1873-2046. ; 194
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper addresses the issue of automatically seeking and identifying daily, weekly and seasonal patterns in harmonic voltage from measurement data at multiple locations. We propose a novel framework that employs deep autoencoder (DAE) followed by k-mean clustering. The DAE is used for extracting principal features from time series of harmonic voltages. A new strategy is used for training the encoder in DAE from data at one selected location that is effective for subsequent feature extraction from data at multiple locations. To analyze the patterns, several empirical analysis approaches are applied on the clustered principal features, including the distribution of daily patterns over the week and the year, representative waveform sequences of individual classes, and feature maps for visualizing high-dimensional feature space through low-dimensional embedding. The proposed scheme has been tested on a dataset containing harmonic measurements at 10 low-voltage locations in Sweden for the whole year of 2017. Results show distinct principal patterns for most harmonics that can be related to the use of equipment causing harmonic distortion. This information can assist network operators in finding the origin of harmonic distortion and deciding about mitigation actions. The proposed scheme is the first to provide a useful analysis tool and insight for finding and analyzing underlying patterns from harmonic variation data at multiple locations.
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| 10. |
- Goldak, J., et al.
(author)
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Numerical aspects of modelling welds
- 1993
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In: ASM handbook. - Materials Park : ASM International. - 0871703823 ; , s. 1131-1140
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This article focuses on the various assumptions involved in the numerical modeling of welds, including the geometry of the welded structure and the weld joint, thermal stress, strain, residual stress, and the microstructure in the heat-affected and fusion zones.
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