| 1. |
- Han, L., et al.
(författare)
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Cell transcriptomic atlas of the non-human primate Macaca fascicularis
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Nature. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 604:7907, s. 723-731
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Studying tissue composition and function in non-human primates (NHPs) is crucial to understand the nature of our own species. Here we present a large-scale cell transcriptomic atlas that encompasses over 1 million cells from 45 tissues of the adult NHP Macaca fascicularis. This dataset provides a vast annotated resource to study a species phylogenetically close to humans. To demonstrate the utility of the atlas, we have reconstructed the cell–cell interaction networks that drive Wnt signalling across the body, mapped the distribution of receptors and co-receptors for viruses causing human infectious diseases, and intersected our data with human genetic disease orthologues to establish potential clinical associations. Our M. fascicularis cell atlas constitutes an essential reference for future studies in humans and NHPs.
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| 2. |
- Li, Wu Lue, et al.
(författare)
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Multiple Origins and Genomic Basis of Complex Traits in Sighthounds
- 2023
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Ingår i: Molecular biology and evolution. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0737-4038 .- 1537-1719. ; 40:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sighthounds, a distinctive group of hounds comprising numerous breeds, have their origins rooted in ancient artificial selection of dogs. In this study, we performed genome sequencing for 123 sighthounds, including one breed from Africa, six breeds from Europe, two breeds from Russia, and four breeds and 12 village dogs from the Middle East. We gathered public genome data of five sighthounds and 98 other dogs as well as 31 gray wolves to pinpoint the origin and genes influencing the morphology of the sighthound genome. Population genomic analysis suggested that sighthounds originated from native dogs independently and were comprehensively admixed among breeds, supporting the multiple origins hypothesis of sighthounds. An additional 67 published ancient wolf genomes were added for gene flow detection. Results showed dramatic admixture of ancient wolves in African sighthounds, even more than with modern wolves. Whole-genome scan analysis identified 17 positively selected genes (PSGs) in the African population, 27 PSGs in the European population, and 54 PSGs in the Middle Eastern population. None of the PSGs overlapped in the three populations. Pooled PSGs of the three populations were significantly enriched in "regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol"(gene ontology: 0051279), which is related to blood circulation and heart contraction. In addition, ESR1, JAK2, ADRB1, PRKCE, and CAMK2D were under positive selection in all three selected groups. This suggests that different PSGs in the same pathway contributed to the similar phenotype of sighthounds. We identified an ESR1 mutation (chr1: g.42,177,149-T > C) in the transcription factor (TF) binding site of Stat5a and a JAK2 mutation (chr1: g.93,277,007-T > A) in the TF binding site of Sox5. Functional experiments confirmed that the ESR1 and JAK2 mutation reduced their expression. Our results provide new insights into the domestication history and genomic basis of sighthounds.
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| 3. |
- Zhang, Li, et al.
(författare)
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Numerical simulation of natural convection and heat transfer in a molten pool with embedded cooling tubes
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Energy Research. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-598X. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study described the natural circulation and heat transfer of a molten pool in a specifically designed core catcher conceived for a pressurized water reactor. In addition to external cooling, the core catcher features internal cooling tubes embedded in the molten pool. To investigate the coolability in such a configuration, first, a full-scale core catcher simulation is conducted to give a preliminary study under a real SA situation. Results illustrated that cooling efficiency can be remarkably enhanced due to the inner tubes. Then a test facility of the 2D slice with the geometrical scaled factor of 1:4 has been developed, and molten salt (NaNO3-KNO3) experiments will be implemented in the near future. This study also performed a pre-test simulation using molten NaNO3-KNO3 as a stimulant to study the heat transfer and flow characteristics of the salt pool. The melt convection in the test section was represented by a two-dimensional mesh with a WMLES turbulence model using the FLUENT code. The simulation captured the heat transfer enhancement by the cooling tubes as expected, and the results would help decide the proper test matrix and improvement of instrumentation required to obtain the necessary data for code validation.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Fenstermacher, M.E., et al.
(författare)
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DIII-D research advancing the physics basis for optimizing the tokamak approach to fusion energy
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 0029-5515 .- 1741-4326. ; 62:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- DIII-D physics research addresses critical challenges for the operation of ITER and the next generation of fusion energy devices. This is done through a focus on innovations to provide solutions for high performance long pulse operation, coupled with fundamental plasma physics understanding and model validation, to drive scenario development by integrating high performance core and boundary plasmas. Substantial increases in off-axis current drive efficiency from an innovative top launch system for EC power, and in pressure broadening for Alfven eigenmode control from a co-/counter-I p steerable off-axis neutral beam, all improve the prospects for optimization of future long pulse/steady state high performance tokamak operation. Fundamental studies into the modes that drive the evolution of the pedestal pressure profile and electron vs ion heat flux validate predictive models of pedestal recovery after ELMs. Understanding the physics mechanisms of ELM control and density pumpout by 3D magnetic perturbation fields leads to confident predictions for ITER and future devices. Validated modeling of high-Z shattered pellet injection for disruption mitigation, runaway electron dissipation, and techniques for disruption prediction and avoidance including machine learning, give confidence in handling disruptivity for future devices. For the non-nuclear phase of ITER, two actuators are identified to lower the L-H threshold power in hydrogen plasmas. With this physics understanding and suite of capabilities, a high poloidal beta optimized-core scenario with an internal transport barrier that projects nearly to Q = 10 in ITER at ∼8 MA was coupled to a detached divertor, and a near super H-mode optimized-pedestal scenario with co-I p beam injection was coupled to a radiative divertor. The hybrid core scenario was achieved directly, without the need for anomalous current diffusion, using off-axis current drive actuators. Also, a controller to assess proximity to stability limits and regulate β N in the ITER baseline scenario, based on plasma response to probing 3D fields, was demonstrated. Finally, innovative tokamak operation using a negative triangularity shape showed many attractive features for future pilot plant operation.
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| 6. |
- Wu, Yue, et al.
(författare)
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Photoswitching between black and colourless spectra exhibits resettable spatiotemporal logic
- 2016
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Ingår i: Materials Horizons. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 2051-6347 .- 2051-6355. ; 3:2, s. 124-129
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Logic is the key to computing. Traditionally, logic devices have been fabricated by the top-down approach, whose dimensions are drastically limited. The ultimate goal is to use molecular tailorability to design logics using the "bottom-up'' approach. Here we report an unprecedented photochromic molecule that undergoes unimolecular logic switching when excited anywhere in the entire UV-visible spectrum, thus a bottom-up, all-photonic, molecular logic gate. Specifically, these molecular photonic logics embedded in the polymer thin films function as the "AND'' or "OR'' gate at different temporal responses. To achieve high information-processing density, moreover, a ternary flip-flap-flop gate is realized in the molecular logic because the fact that this photochromic molecule can be photoswitched anywhere in its UV-vis spectrum enabled three different lasers (532, 473, and 561 nm) as the inputs to deliver the complex logic optical outputs.
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| 7. |
- Xiao, Tianxiao, et al.
(författare)
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Autonomous self-healing hybrid energy harvester based on the combination of triboelectric nanogenerator and quantum dot solar cell
- 2024
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Ingår i: Nano Energy. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 2211-2855 .- 2211-3282. ; 125
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Realization of multi-source energy harvesting with one single device would maximize power output. Thus, it is emerging as a promising strategy towards renewable energy generation and has attracted worldwide attention in the past decades. Capable of capturing mechanical energy that is ubiquitous in the ambient environment, triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) has been considered a novel yet effective source towards next-generation energy harvesting. In this work, a flexible hybrid energy harvester (HEH) is developed via the rational integration of autonomous self-healing TENG and high bending-stable lead sulfide quantum dot (PbS QD) solar cell, enabling independent electricity generation by two different mechanisms. The single-electrode mode TENG component with self-healing is realized by a polydimethylsiloxane/Triton X-100 (PDMS/TX100) mixture as the dielectric layer and the shared gold (Au) electrode, which generates 0.39 µA of output current (Iout), 24.6 V of output voltages (Vout), 15.4 nC of transfer charges (Qsc), and 7.80 mW m−2 of output power peak density. The thin-film solar cell component is based on a PbS QD layer as the light absorber with a planar structure fabricated under low-cost and compatible conditions, achieving 22.8 mA cm−2 of short-circuit current density (Jsc) and 4.92% of power conversion efficiency (PCE). As a proof of concept, an electronic watch is successfully powered by harnessing ambient mechanical and solar energy with a hybridized energy cell. This approach will offer more opportunities to construct a versatile platform towards remote monitoring and smart home systems.
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| 8. |
- Yao, Zhaoyang, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring Overall Photoelectric Applications by Organic Materials Containing Symmetric Donor Isomers
- 2019
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Ingår i: Chemistry of Materials. - : American Concrete Institute. - 0897-4756 .- 1520-5002. ; 31:21, s. 8810-8819
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Organic thin-film solar cells have demonstrated a bright prospect for commercial applications, where organic photosensitizers act as the most important kernel. In the global motif of sustainable development, unrelenting research efforts have been devoted to the exploration of organic material containing photosensitizers to achieve low-cost conversion of solar energy to clean electricity. In this work, two star-shaped donor cores, T1 and T2, which consist of fused thiophene triazatruxene, have been synthesized and applied in two different types of solar cells. The two-dimensional pi-bonded extension enhances their electron-donating capability and induces relatively strong intermolecular pi-pi stacking. The C-3h symmetrical donor isomers, featuring planar backbones and three-dimensional structures, are found to contribute toward a promising prospect for overall photoelectric applications.
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| 9. |
- Ai, Yuejie, et al.
(författare)
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Hydrophobicity and Hydrophilicity Balance Determines Shape Selectivity of Suzuki Coupling Reactions Inside Pd@meso-SiO2 Nanoreactor
- 2016
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Ingår i: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 120:19, s. 10244-10251
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Molecular sorting and catalysis directed by shape selectivity have been extensively applied in porous extended frameworks for a low-carbon, predictable, renewable component of modern industry. A comprehensive understanding of the underlying recognition mechanism toward different shapes is unfortunately still missing, owing to the lack of structural and dynamic information under operating conditions. We demonstrate here that such difficulties can be overcome by state-of-the-art molecular dynamics simulations which provide atomistic details that are not accessible experimentally, as exemplified by our interpretation for the experimentally observed aggregation induced shape selectivity for Suzuki C-C coupling reaction catalyzed by Pd particles in mesoporous silica. It is found that both aggregation ability and aggregating pattern of the reactants play the decisive role in controlling the shape selectivity, which are in turn determined by the balance between the hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity of the reactants, or in other words, by the balance between the noncovalent hydrogen bonding interaction and van der Waals forces. A general rule that allows prediction of the shape selectivity of a reactant has been proposed and verified against experiments. We show that molecular modeling is a powerful tool for rational design of new mesoporous systems and for the control of catalytic reactions that are important for the petrochemical industry.
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| 10. |
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