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- Cai, Wei-Jun, et al.
(författare)
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Carbon fluxes across boundaries in the Pacific sector of the Arctic Ocean in a changing environment
- 2014
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Ingår i: THE PACIFIC ARCTIC REGION: ECOSYSTEM STATUS AND TRENDS IN A RAPIDLY CHANGING ENVIRONMENT. - : Springer. - 9789401788625
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this chapter we examine carbon fluxes across the land-ocean and air-sea boundaries in the Pacific Arctic Region (PAR) as well as ocean gateway exchanges in the region. The latter ocean gateway fluxes includes dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) transported into the area from the Pacific Ocean via Bering Strait and exported to the Atlantic Ocean via the Canadian Archipelago, as well as exchanges between various sub-regions within the system. We emphasize the changes in the magnitudes of these fluxes in the context of climate warming and sea-ice melt, as well as other hydrological cycle changes in the Arctic. We conclude that while the inflow of DIC from the Pacific Ocean is relatively well quantified (623 ± 78 Tg C yr-1; T=1012), the intermittent input flux from the East Siberian Sea (ESS) is not (32 ± 16 Tg C yr-1). Most of the uncertainty is associated with variability in actual water flux rather than DIC content of this water, and thus is viewed as a systematic error in our DIC mass balance analysis. Furthermore, we determined an export flux of 749 Tg C yr-1 to the Atlantic Ocean, with the caveat that this term has unknown uncertainty due to a paucity of DIC data from the Canadian Archipelago. Within the PAR, the Chukchi Sea is the dominant site for atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) uptake (up to 35-46 Tg C yr-1), while the Beaufort Sea (2.9 Tg C yr-1) and the Canadian Archipelago (~10 Tg C yr-1) take-up much less CO2 with latter potentially a weak source of CO2 to the atmosphere during certain times of the year. Additionally, the ESS shelf is a net source of CO2 for the atmosphere (< 5 Tg C yr-1). Summertime CO2 uptake capacity in the deep Canada Basin has increased greatly over the past few years as sea-ice retreat progresses rapidly though earlier flux estimates may be on the high end. Overall, the PAR appears to export more DIC to the Atlantic Ocean than it receives through the combined inputs from the Pacific Ocean, the ESS, the atmosphere, and the rivers by a small amount (45 Tg C yr-1 or 6%). Our preliminary DIC budget suggests that the PAR is probably weakly net heterotrophic (i.e., respiring more organic carbon, OC, than its production). This tentative assessment of the trophic status of the PAR, if supported by further data, suggests that in addition to labile OC produced in the highly productive marginal seas, some riverine and coastal erosion-derived OC is also recycled within this Arctic system. As warming progresses, the Arctic Ocean may produce and export more DIC to the Atlantic Ocean. Whether this change will turn the Arctic Ocean into a weaker CO2 sink or even a CO2 source for the atmosphere is uncertain and dependent on multiple factors that control the rate of surface water CO2 increase versus the rate of the atmospheric CO2 increase.
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| 2. |
- Zhang, Wei, et al.
(författare)
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Surgical treatment of low-grade brain tumors associated with epilepsy
- 2020
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Ingår i: NOVEL THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES IN GLIOBLASTOMA. - LONDON ENGLAND : Elsevier. - 9780128211144 ; , s. 171-183
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To explore the strategy of surgical treatment of low-grade brain tumors associated with epilepsy. Methods: Clinical data of 158 patients with low-grade brain tumors were collected from January 2011 to December 2017 in Guangdong Sanjiu brain hospital. All patients received Preoperative evaluation. Lesion site: 18 cases were located in multiple cerebral lobes, 10 cases were in the functional zones, 130 cases were in the non-functional zones (including 74 cases were in the medial of temporal lobe). The surgical strategy included subtotal resection, gross-total resection and enlarged resection. Postoperative effects were evaluated by Engel classification. Results: A total of 158 patients underwent surgical treatment, among these patients, only 1 patient underwent intracranial electrode implantation. Surgical methods: 34 cases of subtotal resection, 3 cases of gross-total resection, 119 cases of enlarged resection (including Anterior temporal lobectomy in 74 cases) and 2 case of Selective hippocampal amygdalectomy. The final pathology suggested that there are 74 cases of ganglionglioma, 25 cases of dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors, 9 cases of pilocytic astrocytoma, 16 cases of oligodendroglioma, 10 cases of pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma, 4 case of diffuse astrocytoma, 9 cases of unclassified astrocytoma, 11 case of oligoastrocytoma. The follow-up time was between 1 and 7 years, with an average of 3.44 +/- 1.77 years. Postoperative recovery: 147 patients had an Engel Class I outcome, 10 patients were in Engel Class II, 1 patient was in Class IV. Conclusion: The strategy of surgical treatment of low-grade brain tumors associated with epilepsy should pay more attention to the preoperative assessment of the epileptogenic zone. The tumor is not exactly the same as the epileptogenic zone, and the strategy of surgical treatment depends on the tumor feature as well as whether it was located in temporal lobe or involved in functional areas.
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