| 1. |
- Minthon, Lennart, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term effects of tacrine on regional cerebral blood flow changes in Alzheimer's disease
- 1995
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Ingår i: Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. - 1420-8008. ; 6:5, s. 245-251
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was studied in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) before and after 14 months of tacrine treatment. The treated group was compared with an identical reference group of untreated AD patients. At baseline the two groups showed an identical rCBF and mean hemispheric blood flow. After 14 months the tacrine-treated patients showed a stable rCBF level and a significant increase in rCBF in the central-parietal regions, compared to the untreated reference group, who showed typical AD reductions in rCBF in these regions. Clinical outcome: 7 of 9 patients in the tacrine group were clinically unchanged or slightly improved during the study time. In the untreated group 8 of 11 patients had deteriorated in clinical assessments and none had improved. Long-term tacrine treatment in Alzheimer's disease may delay the progression of symptoms.
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| 2. |
- Passant, Ulla, et al.
(författare)
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Orthostatic hypotension in organic dementia: relationship between blood pressure, cortical blood flow and symptoms
- 1996
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Ingår i: Clinical autonomic research : official journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society. ; 6:1, s. 29-36
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Regional cerebral blood flow was measured in 35 patients with organic dementia (Alzheimer's disease, n = 13, vascular dementia, n = 17, frontotemporal dementia, n = 5) and orthostatic hypotension. Measurements were performed during supine rest and during head-up tilt (60 degrees). Despite marked blood pressure falls, few patients had symptoms of orthostatic hypotension. All three dementia groups had a decrease in regional cerebral blood flow in the frontal lobes during head-up tilt, but no change in mean hemispheric flow. All patients had a consistent drop in their systolic blood pressure upon head-up tilt, with a wide variation over time. The findings suggest that orthostatic hypotension needs to be considered, and actively sought for, in organic dementia as many patients may lack the typical symptoms of orthostatic hypotension, despite a marked fall in blood pressure.
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| 3. |
- Balbin, Milagros, et al.
(författare)
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A novel mutation in the β-protein coding region of the amyloid β-protein precursor (APP) gene
- 1992
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Ingår i: Human Genetics. - 1432-1203. ; 89:5, s. 580-582
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A novel mutation, a C to T transition at base pair 2124 in exon 17 of the amyloid beta-protein precursor (APP) gene, has been identified by direct sequencing of amplified DNA from two Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. A simple oligonucleotide-hybridization procedure was developed to allow population studies of this DNA variation. The mutation, which is silent at the protein level, was present in 2 out of 12 investigated AD patients, in 1 out of 60 non-AD patients and in 1 out of 30 healthy individuals. The mutation can be used as a new marker for linkage studies involving the APP gene, although more comprehensive population studies are required to determine the status of the mutation as a possible risk factor for the development of AD.
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| 4. |
- Fäldt, Roger, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of thyroid hormone abnormalities in elderly patients with symptoms of organic brain disease.
- 1996
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Ingår i: Aging (Milan, Italy). - 0394-9532. ; 8:5, s. 347-357
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Analysis of the serum concentrations of free thyroid hormones (fT3, fT4) and thyrotropin (TSH) in 173 psychogeriatric patients (94 females and 79 males, mean age 79 +/- 8 years) disclosed that the hormone levels were related to sex, psychiatric diagnosis, medication and the presence of nonthyroid illness (NTI). Subnormal concentrations of thyroid hormones and/or TSH were found in 25% of the patients. In addition, fT3 and fT4 concentrations were significantly lower (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively) in demented males compared with demented females although the levels were within the reference limits. Strongly negative correlations between fT3 and age (p < 0.001), and between fT3 and the sedimentation rate (SR) (p < 0.01) were found in demented but not in non-demented patients. These correlations were most pronounced in (age) or restricted to (SR) demented males. In addition, the correlation between fT3 and Hb was strongly positive (p < 0.001) in demented as well as in nondemented patients, particularly in males. The concentration of fT4 was positively correlated to Hb in demented males (p < 0.001), whereas TSH concentration was positively correlated to Hb in demented females (p < 0.05). The results show that TSH is not sufficient as the sole screening assay for evaluation of possible thyroid dysfunction in psychogeriatric patients. In addition, central (hypothalamic?) hypothyroidism may be present in a substantial amount of psychogeriatric patients, as we found an adequate TSH response to exogenous thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) also in patients with decreased fT3/fT4 and no signs of non thyroid diseases. Furthermore, there was an apparent lack of correlation between thyroid hormone levels and dementia (or subgroups of dementia), even though thyroid hormone abnormalities seemed to be rather common in frontotemporal dementia (38%) and non specified dementia (36%).
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| 5. |
- Gustafson, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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A 50-year perspective of a family with chromosome 14-linked Alzheimer’s disease
- 1998
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Ingår i: Human Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-1203 .- 0340-6717. ; 102:3, s. 253-257
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A Swedish family with two generations suffering from presenile dementia with an unusually severe Alzheimer encephalopathy was first reported in 1946. The hypothesis that the disease was inherited through a dominant gene is strongly supported by the follow-up 50years later of three additional generations and molecular genetic findings of a novel presenilin-1 gene mutation in the family. The pedigree contains six cases with well-documented dementia in four consecutive generations. The Alzheimer encephalopathy was unusually severe in the three cases studied post-mortem, with a pronounced involvement of the central grey structures, such as the claustrum, the nuclei around the third ventricle, the central thalamic nuclei and the brain stem. There were no vascular lesions and little amyloid angiopathy. All six affected cases showed the typical temporoparietal symptom pattern and other core symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease, such as logoclonia, myoclonic twitchings and major motor seizures. Other predominant features were psychomotor slowness, increased muscular tension, a stiff stooped gait and a rapid loss of weight. The symptom pattern is convincingly explained by the consistent and severe involvement of cortical and central grey structures and is probably linked to the presenilin-1 gene mutation.
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| 6. |
- Gustafson, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Apolipoprotein E genotyping in Alzheimer’s disease and frontotemporal dementia
- 1997
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Ingår i: Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. - : S. Karger AG. - 1420-8008 .- 1421-9824. ; 8:4, s. 240-243
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are characterized by progressive neuronal loss and microvacuolization, although with different distributions of cortical involvement. In contrast to AD there is no amyloid, senile plaques or tangles in FTD. The involvement of chromosome 19 in AD has been associated with apoliprotein E (ApoE) and the epsi4 gene frequency has been related to increased risk and early onset of AD. Our analysis of frequency of the ApoE alleles in 38 patients with AD, 21 patients with FTD and 29 normal controls indicates an association of both AD and FTD with an increased frequency of the epsi4 allele and in AD also with homozygosity for epsi4. Our results might indicate that ApoE epsi4 is an important aggravating and pathoplastic factor in the presence of genetic and other determinants for the development of AD or FTD. A significantly higher epsi2 frequency in our FTD material compared to AD and normals might also indicate a connection with the distribution of cortical degeneration.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Hultberg, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Homocystein--markör för kärlsjukdom hos aldre med psykisk sjukdom.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205. ; 105:38, s. 2576-2578
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many studies have reported higher total plasma homocysteine (tHcy) in elderly patients with mental illness than in control subjects. There are many different determinants of plasma tHcy concentration, including age, cobalamin/folate status, renal function and the presence of vascular disease. The presence of vascular disease may contribute to cognitive impairment. We have investigated elderly patients with regard to plasma tHcy and the presence of vascular disease. Clarification of the role of vascular risk factors in mental illness is important because most are modifiable, in contrast to other risk factors such as age and genetics. The main findings in our studies imply that elevated plasma tHcy concentration in elderly patients with mental illness is mainly associated with the presence of vascular disease and is not related to the specific psychogeriatric diagnosis. Furthermore, it seems possible that the control of conventional vascular risk factors could be guided by the level of plasma tHcy, serum cystatin C, and serum N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide. Patients with an elevation of any of these parameters could be selected for a lower target level of vascular risk factors such as blood pressure cholesterol etc. than conventional target levels.
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| 9. |
- Hultberg, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Markers for the functional availability of cobalamin/folate and their association with neuropsychiatric symptoms in the elderly
- 2001
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Ingår i: International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. - : Wiley. - 1099-1166 .- 0885-6230. ; 16:9, s. 873-878
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cobalamin/folate deficiency is common in elderly subjects and may lead to psychiatric symptoms, but even more often it increases the severity of other organic and non-organic mental diseases. This paper reviews the literature relevant for markers of cobalamin/folate status and their relation to neuropsychiatric symptoms in the elderly. Plasma homocysteine, a marker of cobalamin/folate status, is frequently increased in psychogeriatric patients. Among markers of cobalamin/folate status, plasma homocysteine shows the best association with neuropsychiatric dysfunction.
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| 10. |
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