| 1. |
- Gustafsson, Jan-Eric, 1949, et al.
(författare)
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School, Learning and Mental Health : A systematic review
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Rapporten presenterar resultaten från en systematisk översikt av forskning om skola, lärande och barns psykiska hälsa. Kungliga Vetenskapsakademiens Hälsoutskottet har givit uppdraget att genomföra en sådan översikt till en arbetsgrupp som har arbetat med uppdraget från hösten 2008 till mars 2009. Det första syftet med översikten är att genomföra en kartläggning av forskning inom det breda fält som behandlar frågor om skola, lärande och barns och ungdomars psykiska hälsa. Det andra syftet är att genomföra en narrativ syntes av forskning som undersökt orsaksförhållanden mellan psykisk hälsa å ena sidan och skolresultat och lärande å den andra sidan. Det tredje syftet är att redovisa resultat från forskning som har studerat svenska barns och ungdomars erfarenheter och upplevelser av skola och undervisningssituationer. För att uppnå de första två syftena genomfördes systematiska litteratursökningar i bibliografiska databaser av artiklar publicerade i vetenskapliga internationella tidskrifter inom olika discipliner. Det tredje syftet undersöktes med litteratursökningar av kvalitativa svenska studier i bibliografiska databaser. Slutsatser På grundval dels av kartläggningen av forskning om skola, lärande och psykisk hälsa, dels av de två fördjupade översikterna kan följande slutsatser dras: • Omfattningen av forskning som undersöker relationerna mellan olika aspekter av skola och psykisk hälsa är begränsad och i synnerhet gäller detta forskning som undersöker organisationsfaktorer och undervisnings-faktorer, aktiviteter, läroplaners utformning, resurser, specialpedagogiskt stöd, och olika former av betyg och bedömning. • Tidiga svårigheter i skolan och i synnerhet läs- och skrivsvårigheter kan orsaka internaliserande och externaliserande psykiska problem. • Svårigheter i skola och psykiska problem tenderar att vara stabila över tid. • Skolrelaterade hälsoproblem tenderar att minska när eleverna börjar på gymnasiet och får tillgång till nya områden av aktiviteter, roller och valmöjligheter. • Att genomföra stora ansträngningar utan att detta leder till resultat är relaterat till utveckling av depression. Problem i skolan med skolresultat och prestationer orsakar inter-naliserande symptom för flickor under tonåren. • Det finns samband mellan olika typer av psykiska problem och de är också relaterade till ett brett spektrum av somatiska och psykosomatiska symptom. • Internaliserande och externaliserande psykiska problem har negativa effekter på skolprestationer genom mekanismer som är delvis ålders- och genusspecifika. • Kompetenser och prestationer i skolan är relaterade till psykisk hälsa. • Goda resultat i skolan har en positiv effekt på självuppfattning. • En god självuppfattning bidrar inte direkt till bättre resultat, men andra faktorer som är relaterade till självuppfattning (motivation och upplevd inre/yttre kontroll) påverkar lärande och resultat • Relationer med klasskamrater och lärare bidrar till processer som kopplar skolmisslyckande till psykisk ohälsa. Relationer med kamrater och lärare kan också skydda mot utvecklingen av psykiska problem. • Jämförelser med klasskamrater påverkar självuppfattningen, med effekter som varierar beroende på gruppsammansättning och typ av skola.
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| 2. |
- Berggren, Ulf, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Factor analysis and reduction of a Fear Survey Schedule among dental phobic patients.
- 1995
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Ingår i: European journal of oral sciences. - 0909-8836 .- 1600-0722. ; 103:5, s. 331-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A fear survey instrument, based on the Fear Survey Schedule-II and five additional fear items, was administered to 109 patients (70 women and 39 men) on a waiting list at a specialized dental fear clinic. The fear survey was analyzed to identify its factorial structure. Five fear factors, explaining 54% of the total variance, were identified concerning areas of "illness and death", "failures and embarrassment", "social situations", "physical injuries", and "animals and natural phenomena". An ad hoc reduction of items was carried out to form a shorter, more practical to use questionnaire, which resulted in factors of four or five items with loadings greater than 0.50. The factors intercorrelated significantly (rp varying between 0.33 and 0.59) and "illness and death" correlated highly with "physical injuries" (rp = 0.59) and "animals and natural phenomena" (rp = 0.56), while "failures and embarrassment" correlated highly to "social situations" (rp = 0.54). Statistically significant, but generally lower correlations were found between each factor and the dental fear measures. The highest correlations were found between fear of "physical injuries" and dental fear. There was also a high and significant correlation between sex and fear of "animals and natural phenomena".
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| 3. |
- Bäckström, Pontus, 1983-
(författare)
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Exploring mechanisms of peer effects in education : Frame factor analyses of classroom instruction
- 2024
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Despite a vast international literature, previous research into compositional effects and peer effects in education has remarked on the lack of consensus within the field. To date, peer effects in education and students’ different opportunities to learn in school have been studied separately. In this thesis, it is argued that these perspectives need to be synthesized.In the thesis, Frame Factor Theory is employed as a theory of peer effects in classroom instruction. According to the theory, one mechanism generating peer effects is the steering and limiting effect that class composition has on teachers’ instruction. It is argued that this perspective also needs to be synthesized with the Opportunity to Learn-perspective, to widen our understanding of why different students meet different instruction and thus are given different opportunities to learn. The theoretical perspectives and empirical models are evolved through three empirical studies included in the thesis. The theoretical development and the empirical results from each study is discussed in an integrative essay in the thesis.The results indicate that class composition affects the presence of limitations on instruction and content coverage in instruction, both of which is related to students’ opportunities to learn and individual students’ achievement. Implications for future research and educational policy is discussed.
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| 4. |
- Davidsson, Paul, et al.
(författare)
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Towards a prediction model for people movements in urban areas
- 2013
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Ingår i: First International Workshop on Multiagent-based Societal Systems. - Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM).
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this work is to develop a new type of service for predicting and communicating urban activity. This service provides short-term predictions (hours to days), which can be used as a basis for different types of resource allocation and planning, e.g. concerning public transport, personnel, or marketing. The core of the service consists of a forecasting engine that based on a prediction model processes data on different levels of detail and from various providers. This paper explores the requirements and features of the forecast engine. We conclude that agent-based modeling seems as the most promising approach to meet these requirements. Finally, some examples of potential applications are described along with analyses of scientific and engineering issues that need to be addressed.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Hakeberg, Magnus, 1954, et al.
(författare)
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Multivariate analysis of fears in dental phobic patients according to a reduced FSS-II scale.
- 1995
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Ingår i: European journal of oral sciences. - 0909-8836 .- 1600-0722. ; 103:5, s. 339-44
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study analyzed and assessed dimensions of a questionnaire developed to measure general fears and phobias. A previous factor analysis among 109 dental phobics had revealed a five-factor structure with 22 items and an explained total variance of 54%. The present study analyzed the same material using a multivariate statistical procedure (LISREL) to reveal structural latent variables. The LISREL analysis, based on the correlation matrix, yielded a chi-square of 216.6 with 195 degrees of freedom (P = 0.138) and showed a model with seven latent variables. One was a general fear factor correlated to all 22 items. The other six factors concerned "Illness & Death" (5 items), "Failures & Embarrassment" (5 items), "Social situations" (5 items), "Physical injuries" (4 items), "Animals & Natural phenomena" (4 items). One item (opposite sex) was included in both "Failures & Embarrassment" and "Social situations". The last factor, "Social interaction", combined all the items in "Failures & Embarrassment" and "Social situations" (9 items). In conclusion, this multivariate statistical analysis (LISREL) revealed and confirmed a factor structure similar to our previous study, but added two important dimensions not shown with a traditional factor analysis. This reduced FSS-II version measures general fears and phobias and may be used on a routine clinical basis as well as in dental phobia research.
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| 7. |
- Hakeberg, Magnus, 1954, et al.
(författare)
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Repeated measurements of mood during psychologic treatment of dental fear.
- 1997
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Ingår i: Acta odontologica Scandinavica. - 0001-6357 .- 1502-3850. ; 55:6, s. 378-83
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aims of the present study were to analyze mood changes during psychologic treatment of dental fear by assessing the rate of improvement. Twenty-one patients who refused conventional dental treatment and reported extreme dental anxiety participated in the study. Levels of dental anxiety and mood were measured with the Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS) and a Mood Adjective Checklist (MACL). MACL included two dimensions, degree of relaxation (r) and pleasantness (h) as experienced in a dental situation. Mood was monitored at each treatment session from base line to termination of the therapy (eight measurements). Two different treatment modalities were used, one with a more cognitive approach (n = 9) and one emphasizing the relaxation component (n = 12). A hierarchical linear models approach was applied to analyze individual change with repeated measurements. The results showed that positive mood changes over time were statistically significant. The mean improvement in mood scores per week and session was estimated for MACL(r) and MACL(h) to be 0.14/week and 0.09/week, respectively. The growth was not affected by DAS levels or treatment mode. This study also illustrated a powerful method for analyzing a longitudinal clinical trial design with repeated measurements.
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| 8. |
- Landegren, Nils, et al.
(författare)
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Transglutaminase 4 as a prostate autoantigen in male subfertility
- 2015
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Ingår i: Science Translational Medicine. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science. - 1946-6234 .- 1946-6242. ; 7:292
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (APS1), a monogenic disorder caused by AIRE gene mutations, features multiple autoimmune disease components. Infertility is common in both males and females with APS1. Although female infertility can be explained by autoimmune ovarian failure, the mechanisms underlying male infertility have remained poorly understood. We performed a proteome-wide autoantibody screen in APS1 patient sera to assess the autoimmune response against the male reproductive organs. By screening human protein arrays with male and female patient sera and by selecting for gender-imbalanced autoantibody signals, we identified transglutaminase 4 (TGM4) as a male-specific autoantigen. Notably, TGM4 is a prostatic secretory molecule with critical role in male reproduction. TGM4 autoantibodies were detected in most of the adult male APS1 patients but were absent in all the young males. Consecutive serum samples further revealed that TGM4 autoantibodies first presented during pubertal age and subsequent to prostate maturation. We assessed the animal model for APS1, the Aire-deficient mouse, and found spontaneous development of TGM4 autoantibodies specifically in males. Aire-deficient mice failed to present TGM4 in the thymus, consistent with a defect in central tolerance for TGM4. In the mouse, we further link TGM4 immunity with a destructive prostatitis and compromised secretion of TGM4. Collectively, our findings in APS1 patients and Aire-deficient mice reveal prostate autoimmunity as a major manifestation of APS1 with potential role in male subfertility.
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| 9. |
- Schenck-Gustafsson, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Hjärtsvikt
- 2005
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Ingår i: Läkemedelsboken 2005/2006. - Stockholm : Apoteket AB. - 918557452X ; , s. 239-249
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 10. |
- Schenck-Gustafsson, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Hjärtsvikt
- 2009
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Ingår i: Läkemedelsboken. - Lund : BTJ Tryck AB.
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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