| 1. |
- Bosson, J. K., et al.
(författare)
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Psychometric Properties and Correlates of Precarious Manhood Beliefs in 62 Nations
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology. - : SAGE Publications. - 0022-0221 .- 1552-5422. ; 52:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Precarious manhood beliefs portray manhood, relative to womanhood, as a social status that is hard to earn, easy to lose, and proven via public action. Here, we present cross-cultural data on a brief measure of precarious manhood beliefs (the Precarious Manhood Beliefs scale [PMB]) that covaries meaningfully with other cross-culturally validated gender ideologies and with country-level indices of gender equality and human development. Using data from university samples in 62 countries across 13 world regions (N = 33,417), we demonstrate: (1) the psychometric isomorphism of the PMB (i.e., its comparability in meaning and statistical properties across the individual and country levels); (2) the PMB's distinctness from, and associations with, ambivalent sexism and ambivalence toward men; and (3) associations of the PMB with nation-level gender equality and human development. Findings are discussed in terms of their statistical and theoretical implications for understanding widely-held beliefs about the precariousness of the male gender role.
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| 2. |
- Santoro, V., et al.
(författare)
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HighNESS conceptual design report: Volume I
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Neutron Research. - 1023-8166 .- 1477-2655. ; 25:3-4, s. 85-314
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The European Spallation Source, currently under construction in Lund, Sweden, is a multidisciplinary international laboratory. Once completed to full specifications, it will operate the world’s most powerful pulsed neutron source. Supported by a 3 million Euro Research and Innovation Action within the EU Horizon 2020 program, a design study (HighNESS) has been completed to develop a second neutron source located below the spallation target. Compared to the first source, designed for high cold and thermal brightness, the new source has been optimized to deliver higher intensity, and a shift to longer wavelengths in the spectral regions of cold (CN, 2–20 Å), very cold (VCN, 10–120 Å), and ultracold (UCN, >500 Å) neutrons. The second source comprises a large liquid deuterium moderator designed to produce CN and support secondary VCN and UCN sources. Various options have been explored in the proposed designs, aiming for world-leading performance in neutronics. These designs will enable the development of several new instrument concepts and facilitate the implementation of a high-sensitivity neutron-antineutron oscillation experiment (NNBAR). This document serves as the Conceptual Design Report for the HighNESS project, representing its final deliverable.
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| 3. |
- Olsson, MIT, et al.
(författare)
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Gender Gap in Parental Leave Intentions : Evidence from 37 Countries
- 2023
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Ingår i: Political Psychology. - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd. - 0162-895X .- 1467-9221. ; 44:6, s. 1163-1192
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite global commitments and efforts, a gender-based division of paid and unpaid work persists. To identify how psychological factors, national policies, and the broader sociocultural context contribute to this inequality, we assessed parental-leave intentions in young adults (18–30 years old) planning to have children (N = 13,942; 8,880 identified as women; 5,062 identified as men) across 37 countries that varied in parental-leave policies and societal gender equality. In all countries, women intended to take longer leave than men. National parental-leave policies and women's political representation partially explained cross-national variations in the gender gap. Gender gaps in leave intentions were paradoxically larger in countries with more gender-egalitarian parental-leave policies (i.e., longer leave available to both fathers and mothers). Interestingly, this cross-national variation in the gender gap was driven by cross-national variations in women's (rather than men's) leave intentions. Financially generous leave and gender-egalitarian policies (linked to men's higher uptake in prior research) were not associated with leave intentions in men. Rather, men's leave intentions were related to their individual gender attitudes. Leave intentions were inversely related to career ambitions. The potential for existing policies to foster gender equality in paid and unpaid work is discussed.
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| 4. |
- Fridner, Ann, et al.
(författare)
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The research collaboration HOUPE: Health and Organisation among University Hospital Physcians in four European countries: Sweden, Norway, Iceland and Italy
- 2008
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Ingår i: BMA – AMA – CMA International conference on Doctors Health, London, 18-20th of November 2008.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Hospital statistics show increased pre-pensioning and sickness absence among physicians in Sweden. In addition, female physicians experience unconstructive work conditions, inequality of pay, and less career advancement than their male counterparts in university hospitals despite increased share of women in medical education. Signs of ill-health among physicians might have severe consequences for people involved, patients, hospital economy and for health service provided. HOUPE is a research collaboration between four University Hospitals in Europe; Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, St Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim and University Hospital Azienda Ospedaliera, Padova.Objective: In 2002 national research groups anchored at four University Hospitals in Sweden, Norway, Iceland and Italy started a comprehensive research program abbreviated: The HOUPE project intended to provide a systematic comparison of university hospitals in Europe and how the structure and organization of these hospitals affected the research activity, work load, work satisfaction, gender equality, career advancement, health, and wellbeing of physicians. Next phase in our longitudinal design will include the university hospital in Budapest, Hungary.Funding: Medical Association in Iceland and Sweden, SLS - Swedish Physician Society, NorFA, Vinnova, Stockholm City Council, the four University Hospitals.Method: Three level of data collection were executed: Document analysis concerning national frameworks, register data/hospital statistics and a cross sectional survey in 2005/2006 (N = 2095/3867) among permanently employed university hospital physicians in each country.Results: Numerous research projects are scheduled in each country based on these data in different national research project. Preliminary results will be presented based on these ongoing analyzes on differences in the prevalence of harassment level, suicide ideation, hospitals emphasize of clinical research, and the tension between work load and interaction between career and role as caregivers at home, inequality of pay between men and women, and between medical and academic position.Intervention and prevention: Survey feedback seminars (Fridner & Pingel, 2006) with physicians in each clinic and Occupational Stress Index (OSI) for physicians (Belkic, 2003).Conclusions: The lack of studies that address organisational and psychosocial work conditions for physicians in Iceland and Italy makes HOUPE data important for this purpose. Numerous research projects were scheduled in each country based on these data. In addition, HOUPE data will be able to identify existing practices in management systems of university hospitals and trough comparison between the university hospitals highlight best practice.
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| 5. |
- Gustafsson Sendén, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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What makes physicians go to work while sick : A comparative STUDY of Sickness presenteeism in four European countries (HOUPE)
- 2013
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Ingår i: Swiss Medical Weekly. - : SMW Supporting Association. - 1424-7860 .- 1424-3997. ; 143
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- QUESTIONS UNDER STUDY: Sickness presenteeism is common in the health sector, especially among physicians, leading to high costs in terms of medical errors and loss in productivity. This study investigates predictors of sickness presenteeism in university hospitals, which might be especially exposed to competitive presenteeism. The study included comparisons of university hospitals in four European countries. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey analysis of factors related to sickness behaviour and work patterns in the field of academic medicine was performed among permanently employed physicians from the HOUPE (Health and Organisation among University Physicians Europe) study: (Sweden n = 1,031, Norway n= 354, Iceland n = 242, Italy n = 369). The outcome measure was sickness presenteeism. RESULTS: Sickness presence was more common among Italian physicians (86%) compared with physicians in other countries (70%-76%). Country-stratified analyses showed that sickness presenteeism was associated with sickness behaviour and role conflicts in all countries. Competition in the form of publishing articles was a predictor in Italy and Sweden. Organisational care for physician well-being reduced sickness presenteeism in all countries. CONCLUSION: Sickness presenteeism in university hospitals is part of a larger behavioural pattern where physicians seem to neglect or hide their own illness. Factors associated with competitive climate and myths about a healthy doctor might contribute to these behaviours. Importantly, it is suggested that managers and organisations should work actively to address these questions since organisational care might reduce the extent of these behaviours.
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| 6. |
- Hassmén, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Coach Burnout in Relation to Perfectionistic Cognitions and Self-Presentation
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Coaching athletes is highly rewarding yet stressful, especially at the elite level wheremedia, fans, and sponsors can contribute to an environment that, if not well-managed by the coach,can lead to burnout. Coaches who display perfectionistic tendencies, such as striving for flawlessness,may be particularly vulnerable—even more so if they are overly critical of themselves and havea tendency to ruminate over their performance, or if they are attempting to convey an image offaultlessness, or both. A total of 272 coaches completed a battery of inventories assessing burnout,perfectionistic thoughts, and the tendency for perfectionistic self-presentation. All variables correlatedsignificantly: coaches with higher scores on exhaustion scored higher both on perfectionistic thoughtsand self-presentation. However, when three subscales of perfectionistic self-presentation wereconsidered separately, lower and nonsignificant correlations emerged. We believe that this can beexplained by the heterogeneous group of coaches participating in this study. Whereas all coaches mayat times ruminate privately—self-oriented perfectionism—about their perceived failure to performto expectations, not all may feel the pressure to present themselves to others as faultless—a moresocially prescribed perfectionism. This finding warrants further investigation, preferably comparingcoaches at dierent levels of public scrutiny.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Hoffmann, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Guiding principles for the use of knowledge bases and real-world data in clinical decision support systems : report by an international expert workshop at Karolinska Institutet
- 2020
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Ingår i: Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1751-2433 .- 1751-2441. ; 13:9, s. 925-934
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction Technical and logical breakthroughs have provided new opportunities in medicine to use knowledge bases and large-scale clinical data (real-world) at point-of-care as part of a learning healthcare system to diminish the knowledge-practice gap. Areas covered The article is based on presentations, discussions and recommendations from an international scientific workshop. Value, research needs and funding avenues of knowledge bases and access to real-world data as well as transparency and incorporation of patient perspectives are discussed. Expert opinion Evidence-based, publicly funded, well-structured and curated knowledge bases are of global importance. They ought to be considered as a public responsibility requiring transparency and handling of conflicts of interest. Information has to be made accessible for clinical decision support systems (CDSS) for healthcare staff and patients. Access to rich and real-world data is essential for a learning health care ecosystem and can be augmented by data on patient-reported outcomes and preferences. This field can progress by the establishment of an international policy group for developing a best practice guideline on the development, maintenance, governance, evaluation principles and financing of open-source knowledge bases and handling of real-world data.
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| 9. |
- Spyridonis, F., et al.
(författare)
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A study on the state-of-the-art of e-infrastructures uptake in Africa
- 2015
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Ingår i: Palgrave Communications. - : Palgrave Macmillan Ltd.. - 2055-1045. ; 1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- e-Science is a pioneering method that uses integrated collections of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), or e-Infrastructures, to enable scientists across the world to collaboratively work on more and more ambitious projects. Have advances and access to ICTs enabled African e-Infrastructure development? This paper aims to understand the current state of e-Infrastructure uptake in Africa and present some of these initiatives across the African continent by exploring the current landscape emerging from a survey of early consumers. These initiatives are discussed in terms of key projects and user communities that they are addressing. In line with wider perceptions that e-Infrastructures will re-shape the ways research is performed, this study yielded 34 current or planned e-Infrastructure projects across 13 African countries addressing a range of research domains, and identified 7 user communities across these disciplines. Our findings suggest that the African research community is increasingly interested and involved in e-Infrastructure development activities in response to the issue of limited access to dedicated global research and education resources. The study can contribute to the ongoing discussion on how e-Infrastructures can positively promote the research, technological development and innovation potential of developing countries.
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| 10. |
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