| 1. |
- Capek, Miloslav, et al.
(författare)
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Optimal Planar Electric Dipole Antennas Searching for antennas reaching the fundamental bounds on selected metrics.
- 2019
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Ingår i: IEEE Antennas & Propagation Magazine. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1045-9243 .- 1558-4143. ; 61:4, s. 19-29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Considerable time is often spent optimizing antennas to meet specific design metrics. Rarely, however, are the resulting antenna designs compared to rigorous physical bounds on those metrics. Here, we study the performance of optimized planar meander line antennas with respect to such bounds. Results show that these simple structures meet the lower bound on the radiation quality factor (Q-factor) (maximizing single-resonance fractional bandwidth) but are far from reaching the associated physical bounds for efficiency. The relative performance of other canonical antenna designs is comparable in similar ways, and the quantitative results are connected to intuitions from small antenna design, physical bounds, and matching network design.
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| 2. |
- Gustafsson, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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An overview of stored electromagnetic energy
- 2014
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Ingår i: Proceedings - 2014 International Conference on Electromagnetics in Advanced Applications, ICEAA 2014. - 9781467357104 ; , s. 793-795
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although, the stored electromagnetic energy of an antenna is used to determine the antenna Q, it is difficult to define the stored energy. The stored energy can be estimated from the input impedance of the antenna, the electromagnetic fields around the antenna, and the current densities in the antenna structure. These estimates are similar but not equal for all antennas. Here, the different approaches to determine the stored energy are discussed.
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| 3. |
- Gustafsson, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Antenna Q and Stored Energy Expressed in the Fields, Currents, and Input Impedance
- 2015
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation. - 0018-926X .- 1558-2221. ; 63:1, s. 240-249
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although the stored energy of an antenna is instrumental in the evaluation of antenna Q and the associated physical bounds, it is difficult to strictly define stored energy. Classically, the stored energy is either determined from the input impedance of the antenna or the electromagnetic fields around the antenna. The new energy expressions proposed by Vandenbosch express the stored energy in the current densities in the antenna structure. These expressions are equal to the stored energy defined from the difference between the energy density and the far field energy for many but not all cases. Here, the different approaches to determine the stored energy are compared for dipole, loop, inverted L-antennas, and bow-tie antennas. We use Brune synthesized circuit models to determine the stored energy from the input impedance. We also compare the results with differentiation of the input impedance and the obtained bandwidth. The results indicate that the stored energy in the fields, currents, and circuit models agree well for small antennas. For higher frequencies, the stored energy expressed in the currents agrees with the stored energy determined from Brune synthesized circuit models whereas the stored energy approximated by differentiation of input impedance gives a lower value for some cases. The corresponding results for the bandwidth suggest that the inverse proportionality between the fractional bandwidth and Q-factor depends on the threshold level of the reflection coefficient.
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| 4. |
- Gustafsson, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Physical Bounds and Optimal Currents on Antennas
- 2012
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation. - 0018-926X .- 1558-2221. ; 60:6, s. 2672-2681
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Physical bounds on the directivity Q-factor quotient and optimal current distributions are determined for antennas of arbitrary shape and size using an optimization formulation. A variational approach offers closed form solutions for small antennas expressed in the polarizability of the antenna structure. Finite sized antennas are solved using Lagrangian parameters in a method of moments formulation. It is also shown that the optimal charge density for a small antenna can be generated by several current densities. Numerical examples for small and large antennas are used to illustrate the results.
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| 5. |
- Gustafsson, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Physical bounds on the partial realized gain
- 2010
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Ingår i: [Host publication title missing]. ; , s. 1-6
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- An antenna identity, derived from the forward scattering sum rule, shows that the partial realized gain of an antenna is related to the polarizability of the antenna structure. The partial realized gain contains the mismatch, directivity, efficiency, and polarization properties of the antenna. The antenna identity expresses how the performance depends on the electrical size and shape of the antenna structure. It is also the starting point for several antenna bounds. In this paper, the identity, its associated physical bounds, and computational aspects of the polarizability dyadics are discussed.
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| 6. |
- Gustafsson, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Stored electromagnetic energy and antenna Q
- 2015
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Ingår i: Progress In Electromagnetics Research. - 1070-4698 .- 1559-8985. ; 150, s. 13-27
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Decomposition of the electromagnetic energy into its stored and radiated parts is instrumental in the evaluation of antenna Q and the corresponding fundamental limitations on antennas. This decomposition is not unique and there are several proposals in the literature. Here, it is shown that stored energy defined from the difference between the energy density and the far field energy equals the energy expressions proposed by Vandenbosch for many but not all cases. This also explains the observed cases with negative stored energy and suggests a possible remedy to them. The results are compared with the classical explicit expressions for spherical regions where the results only differ by the electrical size ka that is interpreted as the far-field energy in the interior of the sphere.
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| 7. |
- Gustafsson, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Time-reversal retrofocusing and inverse scattering
- 2002
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Ingår i: Proceedings General Assembly of the International Union of Radio Science.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Time-reversal retrofocusing is used together with a gradient based inverse scattering algorithm to identify the material distribution in a cavity. The time-reversal retrofocusing algorithm designs input fields such that the field energy is concentrated to the region where the material is unknown at a specific time. After this time the field energy in the cavity decays rapidly.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Ivanenko, Yevhen, et al.
(författare)
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Passive Approximation and Optimization Using B-Splines
- 2019
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Ingår i: SIAM Journal on Applied Mathematics. - : SIAM PUBLICATIONS. - 0036-1399 .- 1095-712X. ; 79:1, s. 436-458
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A passive approximation problem is formulated where the target function is an arbitrary complex-valued continuous function defined on an approximation domain consisting of a finite union of closed and bounded intervals on the real axis. The norm used is a weighted L-p-norm where 1 <= p <= infinity. The approximating functions are Herglotz functions generated by a measure with Holder continuous density in an arbitrary neighborhood of the approximation domain. Hence, the imaginary and the real parts of the approximating functions are Holder continuous functions given by the density of the measure and its Hilbert transform, respectively. In practice, it is useful to employ finite B-spline expansions to represent the generating measure. The corresponding approximation problem can then be posed as a finite-dimensional convex optimization problem which is amenable for numerical solution. A constructive proof is given here showing that the convex cone of approximating functions generated by finite uniform B-spline expansions of fixed arbitrary order (linear, quadratic, cubic, etc.) is dense in the convex cone of Herglotz functions which are locally Holder continuous in a neighborhood of the approximation domain, as mentioned above. As an illustration, typical physical application examples are included regarding the passive approximation and optimization of a linear system having metamaterial characteristics, as well as passive realization of optimal absorption of a dielectric small sphere over a finite bandwidth.
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| 10. |
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