| 1. |
- Ek, Arne, 1950-
(författare)
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Att konstruera en uppslutning kring den enda vägen : Om folkrörelsers modernisering i skuggan av det östeuropeiska systemskiftet
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis is about some Swedish organizations that are connected to the labour movement and their actions to cope with the new hegemony around market liberalism. After the fall of the Soviet Union in the early 90-ties, the liberal order, meaning market economy and democracy reduced to the election of elites, has become totally domineering both in the western and in the former communist world. Even left wing oriented organizations have adopted their operations and activities accordingly, especially in their internal governing structure. The organizations that I have studied, mainly the Swedish Tenants organization at its local level of Stockholm, developed during the 70-ties and the 80-ties a participatorier member structure. The “Swedish model” of consensus/corporative decision-making and agreement, used by them on the national level for decades, was during that period introduced also on local and regional levels. In the 90-ties these organizations, according to earlier studies, have instead adapted a more costumer-oriented and elite-democratic way of operating and governing. These later changes could be seen as contradicting both the development of the 80-ties and the basic values of those organizations. My questions are therefore how these changes became possible and my aim is to study how the active members have contributed to this development. Using a constructionist theoretical perspective and discourse analysis, I am showing how this potential conflict between a participatory and an elite-democratic model can be reconciled by a discursive construction. The active members have in fact been able see these changes just as a modernization of their organization. From their point-of-view their organization still works in a participatory democratic way. My analysis shows how this ambiguousness and potential paradox became possible thru internal discourses and under influence from the liberal hegemony.
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| 2. |
- Gustafsson, Mattias, 1972-
(författare)
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Energy efficiency measures in the built environment - some aspects to consider in Sweden
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The traditional energy system as we know it today will change in the future. There is a worldwide concern about the global warming situation and there are different actions implemented to limit the consequences from, mainly, the use of fossil fuels.In this thesis, multi-unit apartment buildings have been simulated according to how the global CO2 emissions change when different energy efficiency measures are implemented. The simulated buildings have also been used to investigate how the calculated energy efficiency of a building according to Swedish building regulations varies depending on which technology for heating is used in the building and if the building has a solar PV installation or solar thermal system. When the energy efficiency of a building is calculated accord-ing to Swedish building regulations, this thesis shows that heat pumps are a favored technology compared to district heating. Another result is that electric-ity use/production within the investigated district heating system is the most important factor to consider when minimizing global CO2 emissions.This thesis also investigates how the configuration of electric meters owned by the distribution system operator affects the monitored amount of self-consumed and produced excess electricity. Finally, four local low-voltage distri-bution networks were simulated when a future charging scenario of electric vehicles was implemented.If a single-family house installs a solar PV installation, this thesis reveals that the configuration of the electric meter is important for the monitored amount of self-consumed electricity. This thesis also shows that the investigated low-voltage distribution networks can handle future power demand from electric vehicles and a high share of solar PV installations, but rural low-volt-age distribution networks will need to be reinforced or rebuilt to manage the investigated future scenarios.
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| 3. |
- Gustafsson Sfetcovici, Manuela O
(författare)
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Characterization of ankyrin repeat domain 54 (ANKRD54) and its role on the regulation and subcellular localization of Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK)
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) is an important cytoplasmic signaling protein, where the kinase activity plays a pivotal role in the development, proliferation and differentiation of B-cell lineages. Ankyrin repeat domain 54 (ANKRD54) is a nuclear-resident adaptor protein, where the ankyrin domain repeats are critical for specific protein-protein interaction, while the NLS and NES motifs control the nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling ability. We have identified and characterized ANKRD54 as a novel functional (paper I), interaction-partner for BTK using proteomics analysis. ANKRD54 is the first protein identified that specially influences the nuclear export of both BTK and TXK/RLK, in a Crm-1 dependent manner. Further, we mapped the interaction site to the C -terminus of BTK-SH3 domain, by using a synthetic peptide of BTK, covering the following region: C- ARDKNGQEEGYIPSNYVTEAEDS. In addition, tyrosine phosphorylation of BTK was investigated in the presence of increased amount of ANKRD54 and selectively the phosphorylation of BTK was down regulated. We have presented a second novel interaction-partner and regulator of BTK (paper II), the 14-3-3 ζ protein, which is also identified by proteomics strategy. In this work, we have mapped the interaction sites on BTK to phospho-serine pS51 in the (RGRRGpS)-motif in the PH-domain and phospho-threonine pT495 in the (RHRFQpT)-motif in the kinase domain. Additionally, a newly characterized 14-3-3 inhibitor (BV02) interfered binding with BTK and siRNA knockdown of 14-3-3ζ increased the nuclear translocation of BTK, while overexpression of 14-3-3ζ resulted in accumulation of BTK in the perinuclear region. We have generated single ankryin domain deletions of ANKRD54 and subsequently characterized their binding capacity and also their influence on the sub-cellular localization of BTK (paper III). In this work, we report that three out of four ankyrin repeats are required for the interaction and nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling of BTK. Inhibition of Crm-1 nuclear export pathway influences differently the nuclear shuttling; rapid-ANKRD54 versus slow-BTK nuclear accumulation. Furthermore, we have determined that the interaction between BTK and ANKRD54 establishes in the nuclear compartment. We have classified ANKRD54 as a prime interactor to the SH3-domain of BTK (paper IV). In this study, we utilized a screening strategy based on phage display libraries of the complete human “SH3-domainome” as a possible binding-target for ANKRD54. The aim is to identify the target spectrum and specificity of ANKRD54 for SH3 domain library, containing all the 296 human SH3 domains. The novel finding is that BTK is not only binding to ANKRD54, but also stands out as the preferred interactor, being highly dominant over all other human SH3 domains. However, other lower colony-score candidates for SH3-domain interactions were found, but without any further in vivo/in vitro validation.
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| 4. |
- Stjerndahl, Mårten, 1978-
(författare)
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Stability Phenomena in Novel Electrode Materials for Lithium-ion Batteries
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Li-ion batteries are not only a technology for the future, they are indeed already the technology of choice for today’s mobile phones, laptops and cordless power tools. Their ability to provide high energy densities inexpensively and in a way which conforms to modern environmental standards is constantly opening up new markets for these batteries. To be able to maintain this trend, it is imperative that all issues which relate safety to performance be studied in the greatest detail. The surface chemistry of the electrode-electrolyte interfaces is intrinsically crucial to Li-ion battery performance and safety. Unfortunately, the reactions occurring at these interfaces are still poorly understood. The aim of this thesis is therefore to increase our understanding of the surface chemistries and stability phenomena at the electrode-electrolyte interfaces for three novel Li-ion battery electrode materials. Photoelectron spectroscopy has been used to study the surface chemistry of the anode material AlSb and the cathode materials LiFePO4 and Li2FeSiO4. The cathode materials were both carbon-coated to improve inter-particle contact. The surface chemistry of these electrodes has been investigated in relation to their electrochemical performance and X-ray diffraction obtained structural results. Surface film formation and degradation reactions are also discussed. For AlSb, it has been shown that most of the surface layer deposition occurs between 0.50 and 0.01 V vs. Li°/Li+ and that cycling performance improves when the lower cut-off potential of 0.50 V is used instead of 0.01 V. For both LiFePO4 and Li2FeSiO4, the surface layer has been found to be very thin and does not provide complete surface coverage. Li2CO3 was also found on the surface of Li2FeSiO4 on exposure to air; this was found to disappear from the surface in a PC-based electrolyte. These results combine to give the promise of good long-term cycling with increased performance and safety for all three electrode materials studied.
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| 5. |
- Winiger, Patrik, 1983-
(författare)
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Isotope-based source apportionment of black carbon aerosols in the Eurasian Arctic
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Aerosols change the Earth's energy balance. Black carbon (BC) aerosols are a product of incomplete combustion of fossil fuels and biomass burning and cause a net warming through aerosol radiation interactions (ari) and aerosol cloud interactions (aci). BC aerosols have potentially strong implications on the Arctic climate, yet the net global climate effect of BC is very uncertain. Best estimates assume a net warming effect, roughly half to that of CO2. However, the time scales during which CO2 emissions affect the global climate are on the order of hundreds of years, while BC is a short-lived climate pollutant (SLCP) with atmospheric life times of days to weeks.Climate models or atmospheric transport models struggle to emulate the seasonality and amplitude of BC concentrations in the Arctic, which are low in summer and high in winter/spring during the so called Arctic haze season. The high uncertainties regarding BC's climate impact are not only related to ari and aci, but also due to model parameterizations of BC lifetime and transport, and the highly uncertain estimates of global and regional BC emissions. Given the high uncertainties in technology-based emission inventories (EI), there is a need for an observation-based assessment of sources of BC in the atmosphere.We study short-term and long-term observations of elemental carbon (EC), the mass-based analog of optically-defined BC. EC aerosol concentrations and carbon-isotope-based (δ13C and ∆14C) sources were constrained (top-down) for three Arctic receptor sites in Abisko (northern Sweden), Tiksi (East Siberian Russia), and Zeppelin (on Svalbard, Norway). The radiocarbon (∆14C) signature allows to draw conclusion on the EC sources (fossil fuels vs. biomass burning) with high accuracy (<5% variation). Stable carbon isotopic fingerprints (δ13C) give qualitative information of the consumed fuel type, i.e. coal, C3-plants (wood), liquid fossil fuels (diesel) or gas flaring (methane and non-methane hydrocarbons). These fingerprints can be used in conjunction with Bayesian statistics, to estimate quantitative source contributions of the sources. Finally, our observations were compared to predictions from a state of the art atmospheric transport model (coupled to BC emissions), conducted by our collaborators at NILU (Norwegian Institute for Air Research).Observed BC concentrations showed a high seasonality throughout the year, with elevated concentrations in the winter, at all sites. The highest concentrations were measured on Svalbard during a short campaign (Jan-Mar 2009) focusing on BC pollution events. Long-term observations showed that Svalbard (2013) had overall the lowest annual BC concentrations, followed by Abisko (2012) and Tiksi (2013). Isotope constraints on BC combustion sources exhibited a high seasonality and big amplitude all across the Eurasian Arctic. Uniform seasonal trends were observed in all three year-round studies, showing fractions of biomass burning of 60-70% in summer and 10-40% in winter. Europe was the major source region (>80%) for BC emissions arriving at Abisko and the main sources were liquid fossil fuels and biomass burning (wood). The model agreed very well with the Abisko observations, showing good model skill and relatively well constrained sources in the European regions of the EI. However, for the Svalbard and East Siberian Arctic observatories the model-observation agreement was not as good. Here, Russia, Europe and China were the major contributors to the mostly liquid fossil and biomass burning BC emissions. This showed that the EI still needs to be improved, especially in regions where emissions are high but observations are scarce (low ratio of observations to emitted pollutant quantity). Strategies for BC mitigation in the (Eurasian) Arctic are probably most efficient, if fossil fuel (diesel) emissions are tackled during winter and spring periods, all across Eurasia.
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