| 1. |
- Morandin, Matteo, 1981, et al.
(författare)
-
Economic feasibility of district heating delivery from industrial excess heat: A case study of a Swedish petrochemical cluster
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-5442 .- 1873-6785. ; 65:Feb., s. 209-220
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present work discusses the potential and the economic feasibility of DH (district heating) delivery using industrial excess heat from a petrochemical cluster at the Swedish West Coast. Pinch Analysis was used for estimating the DH capacity targets and for estimating the cost of heat exchanger installation. A discounted cash flow rate of return of 10% was used as a criterion for identifying the minimum yearly DH delivery that should be guaranteed for a given DH capacity at different DH sales prices. The study was conducted for the current scenario in which no heat recovery is achieved between the cluster plants and for a possible future scenario in which 50% of the fuel currently used for heating purposes is saved by increasing the heat recovery at the site. The competition between excess heat export and local energy efficiency measures is also discussed in terms of CO2 emission consequences. The maximum capacity of DH delivery amounts today to around 235 MW, which reduces to 110 MW in the future scenario of increased site heat recovery. The results of our analysis show that feasible conditions exist that make DH delivery profitable in the entire capacity range.
|
|
| 2. |
- Andersson, Viktor, 1983, et al.
(författare)
-
Algae-based biofuel production as part of an industrial cluster
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Biomass and Bioenergy. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-2909 .- 0961-9534. ; 71, s. 113-124
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a study on the production of biofuels from algae cultivated in municipal wastewater in Gothenburg, Sweden. A possible biorefinery concept is studied based on two cases; Case A) combined biodiesel and biogas production, and Case B) only biogas production. The cases are compared in terms of product outputs and impact on global CO2 emissions mitigation. The area efficiency of the algae-based biofuels is also compared with other biofuel production routes. The study investigates the collaboration between an algae cultivation, biofuel production processes, a wastewater treatment plant and an industrial cluster for the purpose of utilizing material flows and industrial excess heat between the actors. This collaboration provides the opportunity to reduce the CO2 emissions from the process compared to a stand-alone operation. The results show that Case A is advantageous to Case B with respect to all studied factors. It is found that the algae-based biofuel production routes investigated in this study has higher area efficiency than other biofuel production routes. The amount of algae-based biofuel possible to produce corresponds to 31 MWfuel for Case A and 26 MWfuel in Case B.
|
|
| 3. |
- Andersson, Viktor, 1983, et al.
(författare)
-
Dubbel energivinst med alger som biobränsle
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Energimagasinet.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Idag kan produktionen av biobränsle påverka livsmedelsförsörjningen negativt. Istället för att biobränsleproduktion ska konkurrera med produktion av livsmedel kan en hittills outnyttjad resurs - kommunalt avloppsvatten - användas för produktion av alger som i sin tur kan användas till biogas och biodiesel. Ny forskning visar på denna potential.
|
|
| 4. |
- Bungener, S., et al.
(författare)
-
Multi-period analysis of heat integration measures in industrial clusters
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-5442 .- 1873-6785. ; 93, s. 220-234
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- TSA (total site analysis) has shown to be an efficient tool for identifying heat integration measures in industrial clusters, leading to the optimal design of utility systems and energy bill reduction. In order to justify investments, any proposed utility system must be shown to be able to operate in all configurations that an industrial cluster can encounter, especially those relating to varying heat demand. Previous TSAs have generally been carried out using yearly means of heat exchange loads or using scenarios corresponding to specific operation modes of the sites. While these have been useful for designing systems under normal conditions, they are not fit for evaluating minima and peaks in utility demand. Carrying out a TSA on each possible configuration of a cluster is not feasible from a computational and results analysis point of view. A method is therefore proposed to represent the variability of data over long periods in a reduced form in order to carry out engineering studies.A methodology is proposed to identify typical operating periods of an industrial cluster made up of several production units. This algorithm exploits a multi-objective optimisation to identify n periods that delimit typical operating modes or multiple profiles.A TSA was previously carried out on the Stenungsund petrochemical cluster in Sweden, leading to the design of a utility system to significantly reduce the overall energy consumption of the cluster. The solution proposes that a common utility system would decrease the hot utility demand from 124 MWth to 70 MWth. The multi-period analysis methodology is demonstrated by application to this case study in order to identify the resilience of the proposed solution when faced with variations in heat production and consumption. The multi-period analysis of the proposed utility system leads to the identification of a peak utility demand of 88 MWth rather than the previously identified 70 MWth. A Total Site Sensitivity Analysis leads to a better understanding of the contribution of each of the clusters units and feasibility of investments.
|
|
| 5. |
- Hackl, Roman, 1981, et al.
(författare)
-
Applying exergy and total site analysis for targeting refrigeration shaft power in industrial clusters
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-5442 .- 1873-6785. ; 55, s. 5-14
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Process cooling below ambient temperature is an energy demanding part of many chemical production processes. Compression refrigeration systems operating at very low temperatures consume a lot of high quality utility such as electricity or high pressure steam to drive the compressor units. In industrial process clusters with several processes operating at low temperatures, it is important to investigate opportunities for exchange of low-temperature energy between processes. This paper demonstrates how total site analysis and exergy analysis can be applied to target for shaft power and related hot utility savings for processes and utility systems operating below ambient temperature. Shaft power targeting by optimizing refrigerant use is conducted. In addition the methodology is extended for shaft power targeting in connection with site-wide heat recovery from cold process streams to generate sub-ambient utility. The methodology is illustrated through application to a case study of a chemical cluster. One chemical plant within the cluster operates two compression refrigeration systems at its steam cracker plant. The results of the case study indicate potential savings of 1.5 MW of shaft power by optimizing the use of refrigerant from the compression refrigeration system and additional 2.5 MW of shaft power by recovering refrigeration from two other sites located outside the cracker plant. In total this corresponds to 15% of the total shaft power consumption of the refrigeration systems. Economic evaluation of the proposed measures indicates a pay-back period of approximately 4 years.
|
|
| 6. |
- Hackl, Roman, 1981, et al.
(författare)
-
Cultivating Ciona intestinalis to counteract marine eutrophication: Environmental assessment of a marine biomass based bioenergy and biofertilizer production system
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Renewable Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-1481 .- 1879-0682. ; 124, s. 103-113
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Eutrophication in the North and Baltic Seas is a major problem to the marine environment and the communities depending on it. To counteract this, the Swedish Marine and Water Authority suggested financial support for measures that increase the uptake of nutrients from the water by e.g. marine organisms and support for the utilisation of these organisms as value added products. In Sweden the use of biogas to replace fossil transportation fuels is widely adopted. The domestic biogas production corresponded to approx. 1.95 TWh (approx. 7010 TJ) in 2015 of which approx. 63% were upgraded for use as e.g. transportation fuel. Other uses are heat and electricity generation as well as industrial applications. To expand production, the biogas industry is searching for new substrates. In this paper the utilisation of the marine evertebrate organism Ciona intestinalis (tunicata), cultivated in the North Sea and used as feedstock for biogas and biofertilizer production is suggested and assessed. The greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions performance of the concept and it's consequences on marine eutrophication are investigated applying life cycle assessment. Results show that at full scale biogas production from C. intestinalis reduces GHG emissions by more than 65% compared to fossil transportation fuels. In addition, the results show that accounting for the system consequences of other products and services such as biofertilizer replacing mineral fertilizers and decreased marine eutrophication largely increase the environmental benefits provided by the concept. Approx. 3.7 g-N eq /MJ biogas of nitrogen are removed from the marine environment during the cultivation of C. intestinalis.
|
|
| 7. |
- Hackl, Roman, 1981, et al.
(författare)
-
Framework methodology for increased energy efficiency and renewable feedstock integration in industrial clusters
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Applied Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-9118 .- 0306-2619. ; 112, s. 1500-1509
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Energy intensive industries, such as the bulk chemical industry, are facing major challenges and adopting strategies to face these challenges. This paper investigates options for clusters of chemical process plants to decrease their energy and emission footprints. There is a wide range of technologies and process integration opportunities available for achieving these objectives, including (i) decreasing fossil fuel and electricity demand by increasing heat integration within individual processes and across the total cluster site; (ii) replacing fossil feedstocks with renewables and biorefinery integration with the existing cluster; (iii) increasing external utilization of excess process heat wherever possible. This paper presents an overview of the use of process integration methods for development of chemical clusters. Process simulation, pinch analysis, Total Site Analysis (TSA) and exergy concepts are combined in a holistic approach to identify opportunities to improve energy efficiency and integrate renewable feedstocks within such clusters. The methodology is illustrated by application to a chemical cluster in Stenungsund on the West Coast of Sweden consisting of five different companies operating six process plants. The paper emphasizes and quantifies the gains that can be made by adopting a total site approach for targeting energy efficiency measures within the cluster and when investigating integration opportunities for advanced biorefinery concepts compared to restricting the analysis to the individual constituent plants. The holistic approach applied highlights the significant potential improvement to energy and emissions footprints that can be achieved when applying a total site approach.
|
|
| 8. |
- Hackl, Roman, 1981, et al.
(författare)
-
From heat integration targets toward implementation - A TSA (total site analysis)-based design approach for heat recovery systems in industrial clusters
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-5442 .- 1873-6785. ; 90, s. 163-172
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The European process industry is facing major challenges to decrease production costs. One strategy to achieve this is by increasing energy efficiency. Single chemical processes are often well-integrated and the tools to target and design such measures are well developed. Site-wide heat integration based on total site analysis tools can be used to identify opportunities to further increase energy efficiency. However, the methodology has to be developed further in order to enable identification of practical heat integration measures in a systematic way. Designing site-wide heat recovery systems across an industrial cluster is complex and involves aspects apart from thermal process and utility flows. This work presents a method for designing a roadmap of heat integration investments based on total site analysis. The method is applied to a chemical cluster in Sweden. The results of the case study show that application of the proposed method can achieve up to 42% of the previously targeted hot utility savings of 129 MW. A roadmap of heat integration systems is suggested, ranging from less complex systems that achieve a minor share of the heat recovery potential to sophisticated, strongly interdependent systems demanding large investments and a high level of collaboration. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 9. |
- Hackl, Roman, 1981, et al.
(författare)
-
Implementing Energy Efficiency Measures in Industrial Clusters - A Design Approach for Site-Wide Heat Recovery Systems
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Chemical Engineering Transactions. - 2283-9216 .- 2283-9216. ; 39:Special Issue, s. 103-108
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Heat integration between chemical production facilities in an industrial cluster provides significant cost savings opportunities. While single chemical processes are often well integrated, site-wide heat integration based on Total Site Analysis (TSA) tools often identifies opportunities to further increase energy efficiency. However, further development of the TSA methodology is required to improve its applicability for identifying practical heat integration measures and providing key information for investment decision makers. The design of common site-wide heat recovery systems in an industrial cluster is a complex task in which a large number of aspects other than thermal process and utility flows must be considered. This paper presents a procedure for identifying site-wide heat recovery measures based on TSA. The proposed approach is illustrated for a chemical cluster located on the West Coast of Sweden, showing feasible site-wide heat recovery systems achieving up to 42 % of the maximum total site heat recovery target of 129 MW. A number of systems are suggested ranging from low complexity achieving a minor share of the heat recovery potential to complex, strongly interdependent systems demanding large investments and a high level of collaboration. Estimated pay-back periods for the proposed systems range from 3.2 to 4.2 years, while up to approx. 12 % of the cluster's CO2 emissions can be avoided.
|
|
| 10. |
- Hackl, Roman, 1981, et al.
(författare)
-
Targeting for energy efficiency and improved energy collaboration between different companies using total site analysis (TSA)
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-5442 .- 1873-6785. ; 36:8, s. 4609-4615
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rising fuel prices, increasing costs associated with emissions of green house gases and the threat of global warming make efficient use of energy more and more important. Industrial clusters have the potential to significantly increase energy efficiency by energy collaboration. In this paper Sweden’s largest chemical cluster is analysed using the total site analysis (TSA) method. TSA delivers targets for the amount of utility consumed and generated through excess energy recovery by the different processes. The method enables investigation of opportunities to deliver waste heat from one process to another using a common utility system.The cluster consists of 5 chemical companies producing a variety of products, including polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), amines, ethylene, oxygen/nitrogen and plasticisers. The companies already work together by exchanging material streams. In this study the potential for energy collaboration is analysed in order to reach an industrial symbiosis. The overall heating and cooling demands of the site are around 442 MW and 953 MW, respectively. 122 MW of heat is produced in boilers and delivered to the processes.TSA is used to stepwise design a site-wide utility system which improves energy efficiency. It is shown that heat recovery in the cluster can be increased by 129 MW, i.e. the current utility demand could be completely eliminated and further 7 MW excess steam can be made available. The proposed retrofitted utility system involves the introduction of a site-wide hot water circuit, increased recovery of low pressure steam and shifting of heating steam pressure to lower levels in a number heat exchangers when possible. Qualitative evaluation of the suggested measures shows that 60 MW of the savings potential could to be achieved with moderate changes to the process utility system corresponding to 50% of the heat produced from purchased fuel in the boilers of the cluster.Further analysis showed that after implementation of the suggested energy efficiency measures there is still a large excess of heat at temperatures of up to 137 °C.
|
|
