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- Bard, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Pulp Wastewater Treatment Using Anaerobic Moving Bed Biofilm Reactors: A Case-Study
- 2024
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Ingår i: International Conference on Wider-Uptake of Water Resource Recovery from Wastewater Treatment, ICWRR 2024. - : Springer Nature. ; 524 LNCE, s. 234-239
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The pulp and paper (P&P) industry holds significant global importance. However, the industry’s processes substantially demand water and energy resources. Consequently, there is a pressing need for the industry to adopt more sustainable production practices, aiming to trim environmental impact and strengthen resilience against climate change. Recent research has highlighted the potential for substantial increases in Swedish biogas production using anaerobic wastewater (WW) treatment methods within P&P mills. The P&P sector traditionally relies on aerobic biological WW treatment, overlooking the valuable opportunity for WW resource recovery. This study aims to evaluate anaerobic moving bed biofilm reactors (AnMBBR) to enhance energy recovery while enabling treatment capacity for the P&P industry’s anaerobic WW treatment. The results of this study showed the resilience of the AnMBBR system. It proved capable of recovering from overload conditions and operating even during prolonged periods at low pH levels. However, the system removes mainly soluble COD, suggesting higher capabilities on P&P WW with a high fraction of soluble COD. Its ability to produce methane-rich biogas demonstrates efficient gas production while maintaining simple operational procedures.
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- Andersson, Maria L.E. 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Metabolic Factors Associated to Radiographic Knee Osteoarthritis in Individuals with Knee Pain
- 2020
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Ingår i: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. - London : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 0003-4967 .- 1468-2060. ; 79:Suppl. 1, s. 793-793
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Metabolic factors have been shown to be associated to radiographic knee osteoarthritis (OA) [1]. More knowledge about associations between metabolic factors and early clinical knee OA is needed.Objectives:The aim was to study associations between metabolic factors and radiographic knee OA in individuals with knee painMethods:In total 272 individuals with radiographs at baseline, from an ongoing longitudinal study of knee pain (without cruciate ligament injury), were included in the present cross-sectional study. At baseline BMI, waist circumference (WC) and visceral fat area (VFA) were assessed. Fasting plasma glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, HDL-and LDL-cholesterol were analysed. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) was present if central obesity (WC ≥94 cm in men and ≥80cm in women) plus any two of the following factors: raised blood pressure (systolic blood pressure ≥ 130 or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 85 mm Hg or treatment of hypertension), raised triglycerides (≥ 1.7 mmol/L or specific treatment), reduced HDL-cholesterol (men < 1.03 mmol/L and women < 1.29 mmol/L or specific treatment), raised glucose (glucose ≥ 5.6 mmol/L, or type 2 diabetes).The individuals were divided in two groups according to Ahlbäck [2], one group, who had grade I or more in at least one knee (radiographic knee OA, ROA) n=62 and the other group, not fulfilling Ahlbäck criteria (no radiograhic knee OA, No OA) n=211. The associations between metabolic factors and knee OA were calculated by crude logistic regression analyses, adjusting for age and sex.Results:The group with radiographic knee OA were older, had higher BMI, higher amount of visceral fat and more had central obesity, table 1. Ninety- four percent of the group with ROA had central obesity compared to 76%, p=0.002 in the no OA group. There was no difference between the groups regarding MetS, 44% in the ROA group vs. 39%, p=0.5. The group with ROA had increased cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol. There were no differences in fasting glucose between the groups, though both groups had a mean glucose value in the upper range of normal value, table 1. Factors associated to having radiographic knee OA were age (OR 1.11, 95% CI 1.06-1.17), BMI (1.07, 1.003-1.13), central obesity (3.91, 1.32-11.61) and raised triglycerides (2.35, 1.03-5.38).Table 1.Baseline descriptivesNo OAMean (sd)ROAMean(sd)p-valueN21162Age50 (9)56 (4)<0.001Sex, women, %66710.454BMI25.9 (4.7)27.7 (4.7)0.007VFA (cm2)109 (53)126 (52)0.026WC, cm94 (13)99 (13)0.006Raised Blood pressure, %66530.063Cholesterol (mmol/L)5.2 (1.0)5.5 (1.1)0.033Triglycerides (mmol/L)1.0 (0.6)1.2 (0.7)0.035Raised triglycerides, %9210.008LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L)3.4 (1.0)3.7 (1.1)0.027HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L)1.7 (0.4)1.7 (0.5)0.547Reduced HDL11150.460Glucose (mmol/L)5.5 (0.9)5.5 (0.5)0.858Conclusion:There were associations between some metabolic factors and radiographic knee OA in individuals with knee pain. Fasting glucose was increased in both groups. The associations between metabolic risk factors and the development of knee OA needs to be assessed in longitudinal studies.References:[1]Sellam J, Bone Spine 2013;80:568-73.[2]Ahlback S,. Acta Radiol Diagn (Stockh) 1968Suppl 277:7-72.Disclosure of Interests:None declared
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- Arvidsson, D, et al.
(författare)
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Splanchnic oxygen consumption in septic and hemorrhagic shock.
- 1991
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Ingår i: Surgery. - 0039-6060 .- 1532-7361. ; 109:2, s. 190-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Oxygen consumption (VO2) is dependent on oxygen delivery (DO2) in septic shock. Local hypoxia with later secondary organ failure may develop, however, despite an often hyperdynamic circulation. The splanchnic organs seem to be of vital importance in this context. In experiments performed in pigs we compared total body VO2 and DO2 with oxygen consumption and delivery in the gastrointestinal organs and the liver in two different shock states: (1) septic shock induced by peritonitis (n = 6) and (2) hemorrhagic shock (n = 6). Another group of six animals not in shock served as controls. Total, gastrointestinal, and liver DO2 decreased in a similar pattern in both septic and hemorrhagic shock. Gastrointestinal and liver VO2 increased in sepsis, whereas it was unchanged in hemorrhage. In the later phase of sepsis, liver VO2, but not gastrointestinal VO2, again decreased, because liver oxygen extraction was almost total and liver DO2 decreased further. The development of flow-dependent liver hypoxia was reflected in a decrease in liver lactate turnover (increased liver lactate release) during late sepsis. Early hypoxia in the splanchnic region is suggested as a plausible mechanism behind the development of secondary organ failure, especially in sepsis.
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- Atif, Yacine, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Cyber-threat analysis for Cyber-Physical Systems : Technical report for Package 4, Activity 3 of ELVIRA project
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Smart grid employs ICT infrastructure and network connectivity to optimize efficiency and deliver new functionalities. This evolu- tion is associated with an increased risk for cybersecurity threats that may hamper smart grid operations. Power utility providers need tools for assessing risk of prevailing cyberthreats over ICT infrastructures. The need for frameworks to guide the develop- ment of these tools is essential to define and reveal vulnerability analysis indicators. We propose a data-driven approach for design- ing testbeds to evaluate the vulnerability of cyberphysical systems against cyberthreats. The proposed framework uses data reported from multiple components of cyberphysical system architecture layers, including physical, control, and cyber layers. At the phys- ical layer, we consider component inventory and related physi- cal flows. At the control level, we consider control data, such as SCADA data flows in industrial and critical infrastructure control systems. Finally, at the cyber layer level, we consider existing secu- rity and monitoring data from cyber-incident event management tools, which are increasingly embedded into the control fabrics of cyberphysical systems.
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- Bidleman, Terry F., et al.
(författare)
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Air-water exchange of brominated anisoles in the northern baltic sea
- 2014
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0013-936X .- 1520-5851. ; 48:11, s. 6124-6132
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bromophenols produced by marine algae undergo O-methylation to form bromoanisoles (BAs), which are exchanged between water and air. BAs were determined in surface water of the northern Baltic Sea (Gulf of Bothnia, consisting of Bothnian Bay and Bothnian Sea) during 2011-2013 and on a transect of the entire Baltic in September 2013. The abundance decreased in the following order: 2,4,6-tribromoanisole (2,4,6-TBA) > 2,4-dibromoanisole (2,4-DBA) ≫ 2,6-dibromoanisole (2,6-DBA). Concentrations of 2,4-DBA and 2,4,6-TBA in September were higher in the southern than in the northern Baltic and correlated well with the higher salinity in the south. This suggests south-to-north advection and dilution with fresh riverine water enroute, and/or lower production in the north. The abundance in air over the northern Baltic also decreased in the following order: 2,4,6-TBA > 2,4-DBA. However, 2,6-DBA was estimated as a lower limit due to breakthrough from polyurethane foam traps used for sampling. Water/air fugacity ratios ranged from 3.4 to 7.6 for 2,4-DBA and from 18 to 94 for 2,4,6-TBA, indicating net volatilization. Flux estimates using the two-film model suggested that volatilization removes 980-1360 kg of total BAs from Bothnian Bay (38000 km(2)) between May and September. The release of bromine from outgassing of BAs could be up to 4-6% of bromine fluxes from previously reported volatilization of bromomethanes and bromochloromethanes.
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| 10. |
- Bidleman, Terry F., et al.
(författare)
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Bromoanisoles and Methoxylated Bromodiphenyl Ethers in Macroalgae from Nordic Coastal Regions
- 2019
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Ingår i: Environmental Science. - London : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 2050-7887 .- 2050-7895. ; , s. 881-892
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Marine macroalgae are used worldwide for human consumption, animal feed, cosmetics and agriculture. In addition to beneficial nutrients, macroalgae contain halogenated natural products (HNPs), some of which have toxic properties similar to those of well-known anthropogenic contaminants. Sixteen species of red, green and brown macroalgae were collected in 2017–2018 from coastal waters of the northern Baltic Sea, Sweden Atlantic and Norway Atlantic, and analyzed for bromoanisoles (BAs) and methoxylated bromodiphenyl ethers (MeO-BDEs). Target compounds were quantified by gas chromatography-low resolution mass spectrometry (GC-LRMS), with qualitative confirmation in selected species by GC-high resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS). Quantified compounds were 2,4-diBA, 2,4,6-triBA, 2′-MeO-BDE68, 6-MeO-BDE47, and two tribromo-MeO-BDEs and one tetrabromo-MeO-BDE with unknown bromine substituent positions. Semiquantitative results for pentabromo-MeO-BDEs were also obtained for a few species by GC-HRMS. Three extraction methods were compared; soaking in methanol, soaking in methanol–dichloromethane, and blending with mixed solvents. Extraction yields of BAs did not differ significantly (p > 0.05) with the three methods and the two soaking methods gave equivalent yields of MeO-BDEs. Extraction efficiencies of MeO-BDEs were significantly lower using the blend method (p < 0.05). For reasons of simplicity and efficiency, the soaking methods are preferred. Concentrations varied by orders of magnitude among species: ∑2BAs 57 to 57 700 and ∑5MeO-BDEs < 10 to 476 pg g−1 wet weight (ww). Macroalgae standing out with ∑2BAs >1000 pg g−1 ww were Ascophyllum nodosum, Ceramium tenuicorne, Ceramium virgatum, Fucus radicans, Fucus serratus, Fucus vesiculosus, Saccharina latissima, Laminaria digitata, and Acrosiphonia/Spongomorpha sp. Species A. nodosum, C. tenuicorne, Chara virgata, F. radicans and F. vesiculosus (Sweden Atlantic only) had ∑5MeO-BDEs >100 pg g−1ww. Profiles of individual compounds showed distinct differences among species and locations.
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