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- Duit, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Saving the Woodpeckers : Social Capital, Governance, and Policy Performance
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Environment and Development. - : SAGE Publications. - 1070-4965 .- 1552-5465. ; 18:1, s. 42-61
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article investigates if higher levels of social capital,better governance structures, and a more ambitious conservationpolicy are positively linked to the ability of states to addressbiodiversity loss. Serving this purpose is a data set containingestimates of woodpecker diversity in 20 European countries.These data are argued to be a more valid indicator of biodiversitythan most other available cross-national measures of environmentalquality. A seemingly unrelated regression analysis reveals thatnone of the indicators are linked to higher levels of woodpeckerdiversity, which in turn leads to the conclusion that presentinstitutions, environmental policies, and social structureshave negligible effects on biodiversity compared to long-termlandscape transformations.
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- Carlsson, Per-Inge, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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Quality of life, psychosocial consequences, and audiological rehabilitation after sudden sensorineural hearing loss
- 2011
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Ingår i: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AUDIOLOGY. - : Informa Healthcare. - 1499-2027 .- 1708-8186. ; 50:2, s. 139-U84
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSHL) is characterized by a rapid loss of hearing, most often of cochlear origin. Very little attention has been paid in the literature to quality of life (QoL), psychosocial consequences and audiological rehabilitation after SSHL. Design: We studied how level of hearing loss, hearing recovery, tinnitus and vertigo affect QoL after SSHL and the psychosocial consequences of SSHL in terms of sick leave. Furthermore, the audiological rehabilitation given to patients in connection with SSHL and the benefit of the rehabilitation were studied. Study Sample: Three hundred and sixty-nine (369) patients with SSHL were analysed in the present study. Results: Annoying tinnitus and remaining vertigo after SSHL were the strongest predictors of negative effects on QoL. Conclusions: The study indicates that patients with SSHL require extended audiological rehabilitation including a multi-disciplinary rehabilitation approach (medical, social and psychological) to cope with the complex issues that can arise after SSHL.
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- Hall, Caroline, 1979-
(författare)
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Empirical Essays on Education and Social Insurance Policies
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis consists of four self-contained essays. Essay 1: This paper evaluates the effects of the introduction of a more comprehensive upper secondary school system in Sweden in the 1990s. The reform reduced the differences between the academic and vocational educational tracks through prolonging and substantially increasing the academic content of all vocational tracks. The effects of this policy change are identified by exploiting a six year pilot scheme, which preceded the actual reform in some municipalities. The results show that the prolongation of the vocational tracks brought about an increased probability of dropping out among low performing students. Though one important motive behind the policy change was to enable all upper secondary school graduates to pursue a university degree, I find no effects on university enrolment or graduation. There are some indications, however, that attending the longer and more academic vocational tracks may have led to increased earnings in the long run. Essay 2: (co-authored with Peter Fredriksson, Elly-Ann Johansson and Per Johansson) We examine whether the impact of pre-school interventions on cognitive skills differs by immigrant background. The analysis is based on Swedish data containing information on childcare attendance, rich family background information, the performance on cognitive tests at age 13, and long-run educational attainment for cohorts born between 1967 and 1982. We find that childcare attendance reduces the gap in language skills between children from immigrant backgrounds relative to native-born children. We find no differential effects on inductive skills, however. Nor does childcare appear to affect the distribution of long-run educational attainment. Essay 3: (co-authored with Laura Hartman) This paper studies a specific type of moral hazard that arises in the interplay between two large public insurance systems in Sweden, namely the sickness insurance (SI) and the unemployment insurance (UI). Moral hazard can arise from the structure of the benefit levels as for some unemployed persons benefits from the SI are higher than benefits from the UI. We use a reform of the SI system that came into force on 1 July 2003 to identify the effect of economic incentives arising from the different benefit levels. The purpose of the reform was to eliminate the difference in benefits between the two insurance systems. Our results from a duration analysis show clearly that the higher the sickness benefits, the higher the probability of reporting sick. Essay 4: Previous research suggests that there are substantial interactions between the unemployment insurance (UI) and the sickness insurance (SI) in Sweden. Moral hazard arises in the interplay between these two social insurance systems, since by reporting sick an unemployed person can postpone the UI expiration date and sometimes also receive considerably higher benefits. This paper examines whether these interactions affect the transition rate from unemployment to employment. To study this question I utilize a reform which greatly reduced the incentives for unemployed persons to transfer to the SI. While there is evidence that this reform substantially lowered the incidence of sick reports among the unemployed, I find no evidence suggesting that the reduced sick report rate in turn affected the transition rate to employment.
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- Hall, Ola, et al.
(författare)
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A decade of maize yield gap studies in sub-Saharan Africa : how are farm-level factors considered?
- 2024
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Ingår i: International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability. - : Routledge. - 1473-5903 .- 1747-762X. ; 22:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study of yield gaps has become more complex, prompting the use of varied approaches to measure yields and a wider range of factors to explain these gaps. In the Global North, the focus is on precision farming, whereas in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), a broader perspective is necessary due to pronounced variability in farmland conditions. While biogeophysical and management factors have been traditional focal points in yield gap analyses, socio-economic and institutional factors are increasingly recognized as significant, especially in SSA. This review synthesizes research from the past decade in SSA that integrates biogeophysical, management, farm characteristics, and institutional factors in yield gap discussions. The findings indicate a slow shift in including socio-economic factors, with management, particularly nutrient supply and crop management, remaining predominant. However, there is a growing trend towards methodological diversity, such as the adoption of remote sensing and GIS in recent years. Case studies from Kenya and Ghana, utilizing field surveys, interviews, panel data, and spatial analysis, highlight how a multifaceted approach can enhance our understanding of the various elements influencing maize yield gaps in SSA.
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- Wijkman, Per Magnus, 1938, et al.
(författare)
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De baltiska staternas kapplöpning mot EU-medlemskap
- 2001
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Ingår i: Europaperspektiv 2001: Östutvidgning, majoritetsbeslut och flexibel integration. - Stockholm. - 9189449142 ; , s. 17-41
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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