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- Eriksson, Olof, et al.
(author)
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In vivo and in vitro characterization of [18F]-FE-(+)-DTBZ as a tracer for beta-cell mass
- 2010
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In: Nuclear Medicine and Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0969-8051 .- 1872-9614. ; 37:3, s. 357-363
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: The positron emission tomography (PET) tracer 9-[(18)F]fluoroethyl-(+)-dihydrotetrabenazine ([(18)F]-FE-(+)-DTBZ) is a potential candidate for quantifying beta-cell mass in vivo. The purpose was to investigate in vitro and in vivo utility of this tracer for the assessment of beta-cell mass. METHODS: Three pigs were intravenously administered [(18)F]-FE-(+)-DTBZ and examined by PET/computed tomography. Binding parameters were estimated by kinetic modeling. In vitro k(D) and B(max) were determined by saturation binding studies of endocrine and exocrine human tissue homogenates. In vitro pancreatic uptake was determined by tissue autoradiography with pancreases from patients with types 1 (T1DM) and 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and healthy controls. RESULTS: [(18)F]-FE-(+)-DTBZ had a k(D) of 3.5+/-1.0 nM, a B(max) of 382+/-108 fmol/mg protein and a specificity of 89+/-1.8% in islet homogenates. The total exocrine uptake was lower and 65% was nondisplaceable. No uptake difference was observed in pancreatic tissue slices from patients with T1DM, T2DM or healthy controls. The in vivo porcine pancreatic uptake reached a peak of standardized uptake value (SUV) of 2.8 with a low distribution volume ratio in all animals. Moderate to high tracer uptake was identified in the bile system and in bone. CONCLUSIONS: [(18)F]-FE-(+)-DTBZ binds to vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) with high specificity in pure islet tissue in vitro. However, there is high nondisplaceable binding to exocrine tissue. In addition, in vivo tracer metabolism and dehalogenation result in severe underestimation of porcine pancreatic VMAT2 expression and BCM. The results do not support [(18)F]-FE-(+)-DTBZ as a suitable tracer for in vivo beta-cell imaging.
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| 2. |
- Jahan, Mahabuba, et al.
(author)
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Decreased defluorination by using the novel beta cell imaging agent [18F]FE-DTBZ-d4 in pigs examined by PET
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Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Introduction: Fluorine-18 DTBZ-analogues, which selectively targets the vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2), have been extensively studied for in vivo quantification of beta cell mass by positron emission tomography (PET). This study describes a novel deuterated radioligand [18F]FE-(+)-DTBZ-d4, aimed to increase the stability against in vivo defluorination previously observed for [18F]FE-(+)-DTBZ. Methods: [18F]FE-(+)-DTBZ-d4 was synthesized by alkylation of desmethyl -(+)-DTBZ precursor with deuterated [18F]fluoroethyl bromide ([18F]FCD2CD2Br). Radioligand affinity and specificity to VMAT2 was assessed by an in vitro saturation homogenate binding assay using human endocrine and exocrine pancreatic tissues. In vivo PK/PD was studied in a porcine model by PET/CT. The rate of defluorination was quantified by compartmental modeling and contrasted against defluorination of the non-deuterated analogue. Results: [18F]FE-DTBZ-d4 was produced in good radiochemical yield (3.0-1.7 GBq) in 100 min. Radiochemical purity of the formulated product was > 98% for up to 5h. The in vitro Binding Potential (BP) for VMAT2 in islet tissue was 27.0±8.8. The BP was lower in exocrine tissue (1.7±1.0) in addition to a close to three-fold decrease in specificity. The rate of in vivo defluorination was decreased significantly (kdefluorination= 0.0016±0.0007) compared to the non-deuterated analogue (kdefluorination= 0.012±0.002), resulting in a more than six-fold increase in half-life stability. Conclusion: [18F]FE-(+)-DTBZ-d4 has favorable pharmacokinetic (PK) properties for VMAT2 imaging, in addition to gaining significantly increased stability against defluorination. The in vitro islet BP and specificity was lower compared to a non-deuterated analogue but the islet/exocrine BP ratio was unchanged, potentially allowing for improved target tissue discrimination.
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| 3. |
- Jahan, Mahabuba, et al.
(author)
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Decreased defluorination using the novel beta-cell imaging agent [18F]FE-DTBZ-d4 in pigs examined by PET
- 2011
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In: EJNMMI Research. - 2191-219X. ; 1:1, s. 33-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BackgroundFluorine-18 dihydrotetrabenazine [DTBZ] analogues, which selectively target the vesicular monoamine transporter 2 [VMAT2], have been extensively studied for in vivo quantification of beta cell mass by positron-emission tomography [PET]. This study describes a novel deuterated radioligand [18F]fluoroethyl [FE]-DTBZ-d4, aimed to increase the stability against in vivo defluorination previously observed for [18F]FE-DTBZ.Methods[18F]FE-DTBZ-d4 was synthesized by alkylation of 9-O-desmethyl-(+)-DTBZ precursor with deuterated [18F]FE bromide ([18F]FCD2CD2Br). Radioligand binding potential [BP] was assessed by an in vitro saturation homogenate binding assay using human endocrine and exocrine pancreatic tissues. In vivo pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics [PK/PD] was studied in a porcine model by PET/computed tomography, and the rate of defluorination was quantified by compartmental modeling.Results[18F]FE-DTBZ-d4 was produced in reproducible good radiochemical yield in 100 ± 20 min. Radiochemical purity of the formulated product was > 98% for up to 5 h with specific radioactivities that ranged from 192 to 529 GBq/μmol at the end of the synthesis. The in vitro BP for VMAT2 in the islet tissue was 27.0 ± 8.8, and for the exocrine tissue, 1.7 ± 1.0. The rate of in vivo defluorination was decreased significantly (kdefluorination = 0.0016 ± 0.0007 min-1) compared to the non-deuterated analogue (kdefluorination = 0.012 ± 0.002 min-1), resulting in a six fold increase in half-life stability.Conclusions[18F]FE-DTBZ-d4 has similar PK and PD properties for VMAT2 imaging as its non-deuterated analogue [18F]FE-DTBZ in addition to gaining significantly increased stability against defluorination. [18F]FE-DTBZ-d4 is a prime candidate for future preclinical and clinical studies on focal clusters of beta cells, such as in intramuscular islet grafts.
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| 4. |
- Jahan, Mahabuba, et al.
(author)
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The development of a GPR44 targeting radioligand [11C]AZ12204657 for in vivo assessment of beta cell mass.
- 2018
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In: EJNMMI Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2191-219X. ; 8
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The G-protein-coupled receptor 44 (GPR44) is a beta cell-restricted target that may serve as a marker for beta cell mass (BCM) given the development of a suitable PET ligand.METHODS: The binding characteristics of the selected candidate, AZ12204657, at human GPR44 were determined using in vitro ligand binding assays. AZ12204657 was radiolabeled using 11C- or 3H-labeled methyl iodide ([11C/3H]CH3I) in one step, and the conversion of [11C/3H]CH3I to the radiolabeled product [11C/3H]AZ12204657 was quantitative. The specificity of radioligand binding to GPR44 and the selectivity for beta cells were evaluated by in vitro binding studies on pancreatic sections from human and non-human primates as well as on homogenates from endocrine and exocrine pancreatic compartments.RESULTS: The radiochemical purity of the resulting radioligand [11C]AZ12204657 was > 98%, with high molar activity (MA), 1351 ± 575 GBq/μmol (n = 18). The radiochemical purity of [3H]AZ12204657 was > 99% with MA of 2 GBq/μmol. Pancreatic binding of [11C/3H]AZ12204657 was co-localized with insulin-positive islets of Langerhans in non-diabetic individuals and individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The binding of [11C]AZ12204657 to GPR44 was > 10 times higher in islet homogenates compared to exocrine homogenates. In human islets of Langerhans GPR44 was co-expressed with insulin, but not glucagon as assessed by co-staining and confocal microscopy.CONCLUSION: We radiolabeled [11C]AZ12204657, a potential PET radioligand for the beta cell-restricted protein GPR44. In vitro evaluation demonstrated that [3H]AZ12204657 and [11C]AZ12204657 selectively target pancreatic beta cells. [11C]AZ12204657 has promising properties as a marker for human BCM.
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