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- Abbafati, Cristiana, et al.
(författare)
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- 2020
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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- Pan, S, et al.
(författare)
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A study on influential factors of occupant window-opening behavior in an office building in China
- 2018
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Ingår i: Building and Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-1323 .- 1873-684X. ; 133, s. 41-50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Occupants often perform many types of behavior in buildings to adjust the indoor thermal environment. In these types, opening/closing the windows, often regarded as window-opening behavior, is more commonly observed because of its convenience. It not only improves indoor air quality to satisfy occupants' requirement for indoor thermal comfort but also influences building energy consumption. To learn more about potential factors having effects on occupants' window-opening behavior, a field study was carried out in an office building within a university in Beijing. Window state (open/closed) for a total of 5 windows in 5 offices on the second floor in 285 days (9.5 months) were recorded daily. Potential factors, categorized as environmental and non-environmental ones, were subsequently identified with their impact on window-opening behavior through logistic regression and Pearson correlation approaches. The analytical results show that occupants' window-opening behavior is more strongly correlated to environmental factors, such as indoor and outdoor air temperatures, wind speed, relative humidity, outdoor FM2.5 concentrations, solar radiation, sunshine hours, in which air temperatures dominate the influence. While the non-environmental factors, i.e. seasonal change, time of day and personal preference, also affects the patterns of window-opening probability. This paper provides solid field data on occupant window opening behavior in China, with high resolutions and demonstrates the way in analyzing and predicting the probability of window-opening behavior. Its discussion into the potential impact factors shall be useful for further investigation of the relationship between building energy consumption and window-opening behavior.
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- Bentham, James, et al.
(författare)
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A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
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Ingår i: eLIFE. - 2050-084X. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.522.7) and 16.5 cm (13.319.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
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- Jin, Y., et al.
(författare)
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District household electricity consumption pattern analysis based on auto-encoder algorithm
- 2019
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Ingår i: IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The energy shortage is one key issue for sustainable development, a potential solution of which is the integration with the renewable energy resources. However, the temporal sequential characteristic of renewable resources is different from traditional power grid. For the entire power grid, it is essential to match the energy generation side with the energy consumption side, so the load characteristic at the energy use side is crucial for renewable power integration. Better understanding of energy consumption pattern in buildings contributes to matching different source of energy generation. Under the background of integration of traditional and renewable energy, this research focuses on analysis of different household electricity consumption patterns in an urban scale. The original data is from measurement of daily energy consumption with smart meter in households. To avoid the dimension explosion phenomenon, the auto-encoder algorithm is introduced during the clustering analysis of daily electricity use data, which plays the role of principal component analysis. The clustering based on auto-encoder gives a clear insight into the urban electricity use patterns in household. During the data analysis, several feature variables are proposed, which include peak value, valley value and average value. The distinction analysis is also conducted to evaluate the analysis performance. The study takes households in Nanjing city, China as a case study, to conduct the clustering analysis on electricity consumption of residential buildings. The analysis results can be further applied, such as during the capacity design of district energy storage.
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- Zhu, X., et al.
(författare)
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Multi-objective optimization of a hybrid energy system integrated with solar-wind-PEMFC and energy storage
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Energy Storage. - : Elsevier. - 2352-152X .- 2352-1538. ; 72
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The move towards achieving carbon neutrality has sparked interest in combining multiple energy sources to promote renewable penetration. This paper presents a proposition for a hybrid energy system that integrates solar, wind, electrolyzer, hydrogen storage, Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) and thermal storage to meet the electrical and heating demands of a student dormitory in Shanghai. The proposed system is optimized to simultaneously account for multiple objectives, including economy, environmental benefits, and grid interaction, measured by Equivalent Annual Cost (EAC) for the life cycle of 20 years, Primary Energy Saving Ratio (PESR) of the heating system and Grid Interaction Level (GIL) of the electrical system. The effectiveness of the optimization results from NSGA-II is verified and compared with MOPSO to determine the optimal installation configuration and operation strategies. The results highlight the significance of energy storage in enabling greater renewable integration and the potential of hydrogen to play a vital role in the transition to a low-carbon economy. The optimal design of the proposed hybrid system can meet the power and heat demand of a student dormitory with a floor area of 2679m2. The Pareto-optimal solutions of PESR and GIL for NSGA-II fall within the range of (89 %, 104 %) and (70 %, 88 %), respectively. A significant number of Pareto-optimal solutions cluster around an EAC of approximately 160 k RMB. The optimization by MOPSO exhibited the similar results. Additionally, the sensitivity analysis provides insights into the sensitivity of objectives to changes in optimal design parameters, facilitating the design and optimization of similar hybrid energy systems integrated with a closed loop for hydrogen production and utilization in the future. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd
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