| 1. |
- Ahmed, Hany, et al.
(författare)
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Microbiota-derived metabolites as drivers of gut–brain communication
- 2022
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Ingår i: Gut Microbes. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1949-0984 .- 1949-0976. ; 14:1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alterations in the gut microbiota composition have been associated with a range of neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative, and neuropsychiatric disorders. The gut microbes transform and metabolize dietary- and host-derived molecules generating a diverse group of metabolites with local and systemic effects. The bi-directional communication between brain and the microbes residing in the gut, the so-called gut–brain axis, consists of a network of immunological, neuronal, and endocrine signaling pathways. Although the full variety of mechanisms of the gut–brain crosstalk is yet to be established, the existing data demonstrates that a single metabolite or its derivatives are likely among the key inductors within the gut–brain axis communication. However, more research is needed to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying how gut microbiota associated metabolites alter brain functions, and to examine if different interventional approaches targeting the gut microbiota could be used in prevention and treatment of neurological disorders, as reviewed herein. Abbreviations:4-EPS 4-ethylphenylsulfate; 5-AVA(B) 5-aminovaleric acid (betaine); Aβ Amyloid beta protein; AhR Aryl hydrocarbon receptor; ASD Autism spectrum disorder; BBB Blood–brain barrier; BDNF Brain-derived neurotrophic factor; CNS Central nervous system; GABA ɣ-aminobutyric acid; GF Germ-free; MIA Maternal immune activation; SCFA Short-chain fatty acid; 3M-4-TMAB 3-methyl-4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate; 4-TMAP 4-(trimethylammonio)pentanoate; TMA(O) Trimethylamine(-N-oxide); TUDCA Tauroursodeoxycholic acid; ZO Zonula occludens proteins.
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| 2. |
- Haikonen, Retu, et al.
(författare)
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Diet- and microbiota-related metabolite, 5-aminovaleric acid betaine (5-AVAB), in health and disease
- 2022
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Ingår i: Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-3061 .- 1043-2760. ; 33:7, s. 463-480
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- 5-Aminovaleric acid betaine (5-AVAB) is a trimethylated compound associated with the gut microbiota, potentially produced endogenously, and related to the dietary intake of certain foods such as whole grains. 5-AVAB accumulates within the metabolically active tissues and has been typically found in higher concentrations in the heart, muscle, and brown adipose tissue. Furthermore, 5-AVAB has been associated with positive health effects such as fetal brain development, insulin secretion, and reduced cancer risk. However, it also has been linked with some negative health outcomes such as cardiovascular disease and fatty liver disease. At the cellular level, 5-AVAB can influence cellular energy metabolism by reducing β-oxidation of fatty acids. This review will focus on the metabolic role of 5-AVAB with respect to both physiology and pathology. Moreover, the analytics and origin of 5-AVAB and related compounds will be reviewed.
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| 3. |
- Hanhineva, Kati, 1972
(författare)
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Application of Metabolomics for the Assessment of Health Effects of Whole grain Foods
- 2021
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Ingår i: Whole Grains and Health: Second Edition. - : Wiley. ; , s. 375-388
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Metabolomics techniques offer the possibility to semi-quantitatively examine a wide scale of endogenous metabolites potentially affected by the consumption of whole grain. Various metabolite analysis applications, including both mass spectrometry and NMR-based technology, have been utilized in this research field. This chapter focuses on the published metabolomics research regarding endogenous metabolic changes observed in studies involving whole grain consumption and impact on health. The evidence from prospective, observational studies on the impact of whole grains on human health is convincing as high consumption has been associated with reduced risk of major chronic diseases including cardiovascular diseases. Very few metabolomics approaches have been undertaken on epidemiological studies involving examination of dietary intake of whole grain products. While plasma and urine are the predominant sample materials available from human studies, animal trials are often necessitated in order to find out more detailed information on the perturbations caused by the dietary differences on cellular metabolism.
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| 4. |
- Klåvus, Anton, et al.
(författare)
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“Notame”: Workflow for non-targeted LC-MS metabolic profiling
- 2020
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Ingår i: Metabolites. - : MDPI AG. - 2218-1989 .- 2218-1989. ; 10:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Metabolomics analysis generates vast arrays of data, necessitating comprehensive workflows involving expertise in analytics, biochemistry and bioinformatics in order to provide coherent and high-quality data that enable discovery of robust and biologically significant metabolic findings. In this protocol article, we introduce notame, an analytical workflow for non-targeted metabolic profiling approaches, utilizing liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. We provide an overview of lab protocols and statistical methods that we commonly practice for the analysis of nutritional metabolomics data. The paper is divided into three main sections: the first and second sections introducing the background and the study designs available for metabolomics research and the third section describing in detail the steps of the main methods and protocols used to produce, preprocess and statistically analyze metabolomics data and, finally, to identify and interpret the compounds that have emerged as interesting.
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| 5. |
- Koistinen, Ville Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Metabolic changes in response to varying whole-grain wheat and rye intake
- 2024
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Ingår i: npj Science of Food. - 2396-8370. ; 8:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Epidemiological studies have shown associations between whole-grain intake and lowered disease risk. A sufficient level of whole-grain intake to reach the health benefits has not been established, and there is limited knowledge about the impact of whole-grain intake on metabolite levels. In this clinical intervention study, we aimed to identify plasma and urine metabolites associated with two different intake levels of whole-grain wheat and rye and to correlate them with clinical plasma biomarkers. Healthy volunteers (N = 68) were divided into two groups receiving either whole-grain wheat or whole-grain rye in two four-week interventions with 48 and 96 g/d of whole grains consumed. The metabolomics of the plasma samples was performed with UPLC–QTOF-MS. Plasma alkylresorcinols were quantified with GC-MS and plasma and urinary mammalian lignans with HPLC-ECD. The high-dose intervention impacted the metabolite profile, including microbial metabolites, more in the rye-enriched diet compared with wheat. Among the increased metabolites were alkylresorcinol glucuronides, sinapyl alcohol, and pipecolic acid betaine, while the decreased metabolites included acylcarnitines and ether lipids. Plasma alkylresorcinols, urinary enterolactone, and total mammalian lignans reflected the study diets in a dose-dependent manner. Several key metabolites linked with whole-grain consumption and gut microbial metabolism increased in a linear manner between the two interventions. The results reveal that an increase in whole-grain intake, particularly rye, is strongly reflected in the metabolite profile, is correlated with clinical variables, and suggests that a diet rich in whole grains promotes the growth and/or metabolism of microbes producing potentially beneficial microbial metabolites.
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| 6. |
- Koistinen, Ville M., et al.
(författare)
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Metabolite pattern derived from Lactiplantibacillus plantarum : fermented rye foods and in vitro gut fermentation synergistically inhibits bacterial growth
- 2022
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Ingår i: Molecular Nutrition & Food Research. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1613-4125 .- 1613-4133. ; 66:21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Scope: Fermentation improves many food characteristics using microbes, such as lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Recent studies suggest fermentation may also enhance the health properties, but mechanistic evidence is lacking. We aimed to identify a metabolite pattern reproducibly produced during sourdough and in vitro colonic fermentation of various whole-grain rye products and how it affects the growth of bacterial species of potential importance to health and disease.Methods and results: We used Lactiplantibacillus plantarum DSMZ 13890 strain, previously shown to favour rye as its substrate. Using LC-MS metabolomics, we found seven microbial metabolites commonly produced during the fermentations, including dihydroferulic acid, dihydrocaffeic acid, and five amino acid metabolites, and stronger inhibition was achieved when exposing the bacteria to a mixture of the metabolites in vitro compared to individual compound exposures.Conclusion: Our study suggests that metabolites produced by LAB may synergistically modulate the local microbial ecology, such as in the gut. This could provide new hypotheses on how fermented foods influence human health via diet–microbiota interactions.
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| 7. |
- Koistinen, Ville Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Side-stream products of malting: a neglected source of phytochemicals
- 2020
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Ingår i: npj Science of Food. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2396-8370. ; 4:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Whole grain consumption reduces the risk of several chronic diseases. A major contributor to the effect is the synergistic and additive effect of phytochemicals. Malting is an important technological method to process whole grains; the main product, malted grain, is used mainly for brewing, but the process also yields high amounts of side-stream products, such as rootlet. In this study, we comprehensively determined the phytochemical profile of barley, oats, rye, and wheat in different stages of malting and the subsequent extraction phases to assess the potential of malted products and side-streams as a dietary source of bioactive compounds. Utilizing semi-quantitative LC–MS metabolomics, we annotated 285 phytochemicals from the samples, belonging to more than 13 chemical classes. Malting significantly altered the levels of the compounds, many of which were highly increased in the rootlet. Whole grain cereals and the malting products were found to be a diverse and rich source of phytochemicals, highlighting the value of these whole foods as a staple. The characterization of phytochemicals from the 24 different sample types revealed previously unknown existence of some of the compound classes in certain species. The rootlet deserves more attention in human nutrition, rather than its current use mainly as feed, to benefit from its high content of bioactive components.
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| 8. |
- Landberg, Rikard, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Biomarkers of a healthy nordic diet : from dietary exposure biomarkers to microbiota signatures in the metabolome
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nutrients. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-6643 .- 2072-6643. ; 12:1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Whole diets and dietary patterns are increasingly highlighted in modern nutrition and health research instead of single food items or nutrients alone. The Healthy Nordic Diet is a dietary pattern typically associated with beneficial health outcomes in observational studies, but results from randomized controlled trials are mixed. Dietary assessment is one of the greatest challenges in observational studies and compliance is a major challenge in dietary interventions. During the last decade, research has shown the great importance of the gut microbiota in health and disease. Studies have have both shown that the Nordic diet affects the gut microbiota and that the gut microbiota predicts the effects of such a diet. Rapid technique developments in the area of high-throughput mass spectrometry have enabled the large-scale use of metabolomics both as an objective measurement of dietary intake as well as in providing the final readout of the endogenous metabolic processes and the impact of the gut microbiota. In this review, we give an update on the current status on biomarkers that reflect a Healthy Nordic Diet or individual components thereof (food intake biomarkers), biomarkers that show the effects of a Healthy Nordic Diet and biomarkers reflecting the role of a Healthy Nordic Diet on the gut microbiota as well as how the gut microbiota or derived molecules may be used to predict the effects of a Healthy Nordic Diet on different outcomes.
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| 9. |
- Leung, Howell, et al.
(författare)
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Risk assessment with gut microbiome and metabolite markers in NAFLD development
- 2022
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Ingår i: Science Translational Medicine. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 1946-6234 .- 1946-6242. ; 14:648, s. eabk0855-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A growing body of evidence suggests interplay between the gut microbiota and the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the role of the gut microbiome in early detection of NAFLD is unclear. Prospective studies are necessary for identifying reliable, microbiome markers for early NAFLD. We evaluated 2487 individuals in a community-based cohort who were followed up 4.6 years after initial clinical examination and biospecimen sampling. Metagenomic and metabolomic characterizations using stool and serum samples taken at baseline were performed for 90 participants who progressed to NAFLD and 90 controls who remained NAFLD free at the follow-up visit. Cases and controls were matched for gender, age, body mass index (BMI) at baseline and follow-up, and 4-year BMI change. Machine learning models integrating baseline microbial signatures (14 features) correctly classified participants (auROCs of 0.72 to 0.80) based on their NAFLD status and liver fat accumulation at the 4-year follow up, outperforming other prognostic clinical models (auROCs of 0.58 to 0.60). We confirmed the biological relevance of the microbiome features by testing their diagnostic ability in four external NAFLD case-control cohorts examined by biopsy or magnetic resonance spectroscopy, from Asia, Europe, and the United States. Our findings raise the possibility of using gut microbiota for early clinical warning of NAFLD development.
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| 10. |
- Low, Dorrain Yanwen, et al.
(författare)
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Data sharing in PredRet for accurate prediction of retention time: Application to plant food bioactive compounds
- 2021
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Ingår i: Food Chemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0308-8146 .- 1873-7072. ; 357
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Prediction of retention times (RTs) is increasingly considered in untargeted metabolomics to complement MS/MS matching for annotation of unidentified peaks. We tested the performance of PredRet (http://predret.org/) to predict RTs for plant food bioactive metabolites in a data sharing initiative containing entry sets of 29–103 compounds (totalling 467 compounds, >30 families) across 24 chromatographic systems (CSs). Between 27 and 667 predictions were obtained with a median prediction error of 0.03–0.76 min and interval width of 0.33–8.78 min. An external validation test of eight CSs showed high prediction accuracy. RT prediction was dependent on shape and type of LC gradient, and number of commonly measured compounds. Our study highlights PredRet's accuracy and ability to transpose RT data acquired from one CS to another CS. We recommend extensive RT data sharing in PredRet by the community interested in plant food bioactive metabolites to achieve a powerful community-driven open-access tool for metabolomics annotation.
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