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- Winblad, Stefan, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Cognitive deficits and CTG repeat expansion size in classical myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM-1)
- 2006
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Ingår i: Behavioral and Brain Functions. ; , s. 1-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cognitive abilities were explored in patients with classical myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM-1). In comparison to normative collectives patients with DM-1 scored lower on tests measuring executive, arithmetic, attention, speed and visuospatial abilities. Furthermore it was found that longer CTG repeat sizes were associated with lower results on most tests associated with these abilities but also overall cognitive ability. These findings underscore the importance of considering behavioural anomalies when seeing patients with DM-1 in clinical practice and the need for further research on neurocognitive aspects of this disease.
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| 2. |
- Winblad, Stefan, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Facial emotion recognition in myotonic dystrophy type 1 correlates with CTG repeat expansion
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry. ; , s. 219-223
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The primary aim of this study was to investigate Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM-1) patient’s ability to recognize basic facial emotions. We also explored the relationship between facial emotion recognition, neuropsychological, personality and CTG-repeat expansion data in the DM-1 group. Fifty patients with DM-1 (28 women and 22 men) participated in the study together with 41 healthy controls. Recognition of facial emotional expressions was assessed using photographs of basic emotions. A set of tests measured cognition and personality dimensions and CTG repeat size was quantified in blood lymphocytes. DM-1 patients showed an impaired recognition of facial emotions in comparison to controls. These deficits mostly concerned the recognition of negative emotions, mainly anger and fear. A significant negative correlation was found between total score of emotion recognition in a forced choice task and CTG repeat size. Furthermore, specific cognitive functions (vocabulary, visuospatial construction ability and speed) and personality dimensions (Reward dependence and Cooperativeness) correlated with scores on the forced choice emotion recognition task. These findings revealed a CTG repeat-dependent facial emotion recognition deficit in the DM-1 group associated with specific neuropsychological functions. Furthermore, a correlation was found between facial emotional recognition ability and personality dimensions associated with sociability. This adds a new clinically relevant dimension in the cognitive deficits associated with DM-1.
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| 3. |
- Winblad, Stefan, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Facial emotion recognition in myotonic dystrophy type 1 correlates with CTG repeat expansion
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry. - 0022-3050. ; 77:2, s. 219-223
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To investigate the ability of patients with myotonic dystrophy type 1 to recognise basic facial emotions. We also explored the relationship between facial emotion recognition, neuropsychological data, personality, and CTG repeat expansion data in the DM-1 group. Methods: In total, 50 patients with DM-1 (28 women and 22 men) participated, with 41 healthy controls. Recognition of facial emotional expressions was assessed using photographs of basic emotions. A set of tests measured cognition and personality dimensions, and CTG repeat size was quantified in blood lymphocytes. Results: Patients with DM-1 showed impaired recognition of facial emotions compared with controls. A significant negative correlation was found between total score of emotion recognition in a forced choice task and CTG repeat size. Furthermore, specific cognitive functions (vocabulary, visuospatial construction ability, and speed) and personality dimensions (reward dependence and cooperativeness) correlated with scores on the forced choice emotion recognition task. Conclusion: These findings revealed a CTG repeat dependent facial emotion recognition deficit in the DM-1 group, which was associated with specific neuropsychological functions. Furthermore, a correlation was found between facial emotional recognition ability and personality dimensions associated with sociability. This adds a new clinically relevant dimension in the cognitive deficits associated with DM-1.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Alwall, N., et al.
(författare)
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The gender difference in gaze-cueing: Associations with empathizing and systemizing
- 2010
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Ingår i: PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES. - 0191-8869. ; 49:7, s. 729-732
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The gaze-cueing effect refers to the phenomenon that another person’s gaze direction transiently moves an observer’s attention in the corresponding direction. It has been reported that women show a stronger gaze-cueing effect than men (Bayliss, di Pellegrino, & Tipper, 2005). The present study confirmed this gender difference, females showing a larger cueing effect (i.e. a shortening of reaction times) than males, particularly at 300 ms viewing times. A multivariate procedure identified items from the Empathy- and Systemizing Quotient self-reports (Baron-Cohen, 2003) which together related significantly to the gaze-cueing effect, such that an enhanced tendency to empathize was associated with a larger gaze-cueing effect. This result is in line with the finding (Bayliss et al., 2005) of diminished gaze-cueing in people reporting many autistic-like traits such as reduced empathizing.
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| 6. |
- Eriksson, Matts, et al.
(författare)
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No effect of the cortisol-synthesis inhibitor metyrapone on alcohol drinking: A pilot study
- 2001
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Ingår i: Alcohol. - 0741-8329. ; 25, s. 115-122
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two bases for this study were the theory of stress as a provoking factor for high alcohol consumption in human being and findings that the stress hormones stimulate ethanol intake in rats. We therefore investigated whether the cortisol-synthesis inhibitor metyrapone could reduce high alcohol consumption in socially stable subjects who reported drinking mainly for relaxation purposes. Most of the investigated subjects were found to be alcohol dependent (81%), with moderately high levels of intake, yet they had not reported more severe life problems. All subjects reported their daily alcohol consumption during 2-week baseline, medication, and postmedication periods. Sixteen subjects were given 1 g of metyrapone orally daily for 14 days, and 15 subjects received placebo. Morning serum cortisol concentration was assessed four times in the course of the study period. Metyrapone treatment was not found to reduce alcohol consumption more than placebo. Serum cortisol concentrations remained within the laboratory reference interval during the study and did not differ between the study groups. In this study, we found that a cortisol-synthesis inhibitor had no effect on alcohol consumption. One reason may be that cortisol secretion has no role in the maintenance of high alcohol consumption. On the other hand, because this study is the first of its kind, further studies with the use of other doses of treatment and treatment schedules are suggested. © 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Hansen, Stefan, 1953
(författare)
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Inhibitory control and empathy-related personality traits: Sex-linked associations
- 2011
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Ingår i: Brain and Cognition. - 0278-2626. ; 76:3, s. 364-368
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We here report two studies exploring associations between inhibitory control (measured with the Sustained Attention to Response Task, SART) on the one hand, and self-reports of trait cooperativeness and empathy on the other. A coherent picture was obtained in women whose inhibitory control proficiency predicted higher scores on the Temperament and Character Inventory Cooperativeness and a higher Empathy Quotient. Individual differences in working memory did not predict self-reported empathy. In men, the association between SART performance and empathy was less clear: Good performance on the inhibitory task predicted lower scores on Cooperativeness and was unrelated to the Empathy Quotient. In both studies, women outperformed men on the SART. The results in women may reflect how individual differences in elemental neuro-cognitive operations such as inhibitory control influence more complex functions such as social cognition.
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| 9. |
- Hansen, Stefan, 1953, et al.
(författare)
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Links between temperamental dimensions and brain monoamines in the rat
- 2006
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Ingår i: Behavioral Neuroscience. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 0735-7044 .- 1939-0084. ; 120:1, s. 85-92
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 27 female Wistar rats we obtained composite scores on harm avoidance and novelty seeking, as well as 57 measures of monoamines and metabolites from 10 different brain regions. A multivariate regression method was used to discover associations between individual differences in temperament and neurochemistry. Harm avoidant subjects had low levels of striatal dopamine, and high levels of cortical norepinephrine and amygdaloid 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid. High novelty seeking scores were linked to low levels of brainstem serotonin and dopamine, and to low levels of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in amygdala and accumbens. Moreover, rats scoring high on novelty seeking had higher-than-average levels of norepinephrine in the thalamus and amygdala, and of serotonin in the amygdala.
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| 10. |
- Hansen, Stefan, 1953, et al.
(författare)
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Sustained attention: do women outperform men
- 2007
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Ingår i: Abstract presented to the 9th Nordic Meeting in Neuropsychology, Göteborg, August 2007.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report the results of an exploratory analysis of the relationship between vigilance [measured with the Sustained Attention to Response Task (SART)], personality [measured with the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI)], and subjective absentmindedness [measured with the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (CFQ)]. Everyday absentmindedness was related to the TCI character dimensions Self-Directedness and Self-Transcendence. SART performance did not correlate with TCI or CFQ scores, but individuals performing well tended to score low on the TCI Self-Transcendence and on the CFQ. Women performed significantly better than men on the SART. This gender difference was moderated by personality such that increasing levels of the TCI trait Cooperativeness (empathy) was associated with a decline in SART performance in men but not in women. As a consequence the gender difference in sustained attention was sizeable in men and women scoring above the normative mean on Cooperativeness. These results are discussed with reference to the fact that a right-hemisphere fronto-parietal network appears to mediate both vigilance and empathy.
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