| 1. |
- Hansson, B. A. M., et al.
(författare)
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Characterisation of a liquid-xenon jet laser-plasma extreme-ultraviolet source
- 2004
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Ingår i: Review of Scientific Instruments. - : AIP Publishing. - 0034-6748 .- 1089-7623. ; 75:6, s. 2122-2129
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A liquid-xenon-jet laser-plasma source for extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) and soft-x-ray generation has been characterized. Being a source candidate for EUV lithography (EUVL), we especially focus on parameters important for the integration of the source in EUVL systems. The deep-ultraviolet (DUV) out-of-band radiation (=120–400 nm) was quantified, to within a factor of two, using a flying-circus tool together with a transmission-grating spectrograph resulting in a total DUV conversion efficiency (CE) of ~0.33%/2sr. The size and the shape of the xenon plasma was investigated using an in-band-only EUV microscope, based on a spherical Mo/Si multilayer mirror and a charge-coupled device detector. Scalability of the source size from 20–270 µm full width at half maximum was shown. The maximum repetition-rate sustainable by the liquid-xenon-jet target was simulated by a double-pulse experiment indicating feasibility of >17 kHz operation. The xenon-ion energy distribution from the plasma was determined in a time-of-flight experiment with a Faraday-cup detector showing the presence of multi-kilo-electron-volt ions. Sputtering of silicon witness plates exposed to the plasma was observed, while a xenon background of >1 mbar was shown to eliminate the sputtering. It is concluded that the source has potential to meet the requirements of future EUVL systems.
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| 2. |
- Nolte, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Real-time server-based communication with CAN
- 2005
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics. - 0278-0046 .- 1557-9948. ; 1:3, s. 192-200
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper investigates the concept of share-driven scheduling of networks using servers with real-time properties. Share-driven scheduling provides fairness and bandwidth isolation between predictable as well as unpredictable streams of messages on the network. The need for this kind of scheduled real-time communication network is high in applications that have requirements on flexibility, both during development for assigning communication bandwidth to different applications, and during run-time to facilitate dynamic addition and removal of system components. We illustrate the share-driven scheduling concept by applying it to the popular controller area network (CAN). We propose a scheduling mechanism that we call simple server-scheduled CAN (S-3-CAN), for which we also present an associated timing analysis. Additionally, we present a variant of S'-CAN called periodic server-scheduled CAN (PS2-CAN), which for some network configurations gives lower worst-case response-times than S-3-CAN. Also for this improvement, a timing analysis is presented. Moreover, we use simulation to evaluate the timing performance of both S-3-CAN and PS2-CAN, comparing them with other scheduling mechanisms.
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| 3. |
- Norström, Christer, et al.
(författare)
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Special section on factory communication systems
- 2005
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics. - 1551-3203 .- 1941-0050. ; 1:3, s. 149-150
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 4. |
- Pozo, Francisco, et al.
(författare)
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Schedule Synthesis for Next Generation Time-Triggered Networks
- 2017
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- For handling frame transmissions in highly deterministic real-time networks, i.e. networks requiring low communication latency and minimal jitter, an offline time-triggered schedule indicating the dispatch times of all frames can be used. Generation of such an offline schedule is known to be a NPcomplete problem, with complexity driven by the size of the network, the number and complexity of the traffic temporal constraints, and link diversity (for instance, coexistence of wired and wireless links). As embedded applications become more complex and extend over larger geographical areas, there is a need to deploy larger real-time networks, but existing schedule synthesis mechanisms do not scale satisfactorily to the sizes of these networks, constituting a potential bottleneck for system designers. In this paper, we present an offline synthesis tool that overcomes this limitation and is capable of generating time-triggered schedules for networks with hundreds of nodes and thousands of temporal constraints, also for systems where wired and wireless links are combined. This tool models the problem with linear arithmetic constraints and solves them using a Satisfiability Modulo Theory (SMT) solver, a powerful general purpose tool successfully used in the past for synthesizing time-triggered schedules. To cope with complexity, our algorithm implements a segmented approach that divides the total problem into easily solvable smaller-size scheduling problems, whose solutions can be combined for achieving the final schedule. The paper also discusses a number of optimizations that increase the size and compactness of the solvable schedules. We evaluate our approach on a set of realistic large-size multi-hop networks, significantly bigger than those in the existing literature. The results show that our segmentation reduces the synthesis time dramatically, allowing generation of extremely large compact schedules.
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| 5. |
- Tomašić, Nikica, et al.
(författare)
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Fasting reveals largely intact systemic lipid mobilization mechanisms in respiratory chain complex III deficient mice
- 2020
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Ingår i: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Molecular Basis of Disease. - Amsterdam : ELSEVIER. - 0925-4439 .- 1879-260X. ; 1866:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mice homozygous for the human GRACILE syndrome mutation (Bcs1l (c.A232G)) display decreased respiratory chain complex III activity, liver dysfunction, hypoglycemia, rapid loss of white adipose tissue and early death. To assess the underlying mechanism of the lipodystrophy in homozygous mice (Bcs1l(p.S)(78G)), these and wild-type control mice were subjected to a short 4-hour fast. The homozygotes had low baseline blood glucose values, but a similar decrease in response to fasting as in wild-type mice, resulting in hypoglycemia in the majority. Despite the already depleted glycogen and increased triacylglycerol content in the mutant livers, the mice responded to fasting by further depletion and increase, respectively. Increased plasma free fatty acids (FAs) upon fasting suggested normal capacity for mobilization of lipids from white adipose tissue into circulation. Strikingly, however, serum glycerol concentration was not increased concomitantly with free FM, suggesting its rapid uptake into the liver and utilization for fuel or gluconeogenesis in the mutants. The mutant hepatocyte mitochondria were capable of responding to fasting by appropriate morphological changes, as analyzed by electron microscopy, and by increasing respiration. Mutants showed increased hepatic gene expression of major metabolic controllers typically associated with fasting response (Ppargc1a, Fgf21, Cd36) already in the fed state, suggesting a chronic starvation-like metabolic condition. Despite this, the mutant mice responded largely normally to fasting by increasing hepatic respiration and switching to FA utilization, indicating that the mechanisms driving these adaptations are not compromised by the CIII dysfunction. Summary statement: Bcs1l mutant mice with severe CIII deficiency, energy deprivation and post-weaning lipolysis respond to fasting similarly to wild-type mice, suggesting largely normal systemic lipid mobilization and utilization mechanisms.
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