| 1. |
- Eriksson, Dennis, et al.
(författare)
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Options to Reform the European Union Legislation on GMOs : Post-authorization and Beyond
- 2020
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Ingår i: Trends in Biotechnology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-7799 .- 1879-3096. ; 38:5, s. 465-467
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We discuss options to reform the EU genetically modified organism (GMO) regulatory framework, make risk assessment and decision-making more consistent with scientific principles, and lay the groundwork for international coherence. In this third of three articles, we focus on labeling and coexistence as well as discuss the political reality and potential ways forward.
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| 2. |
- Artaxo, Paulo, et al.
(författare)
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Tropical and Boreal Forest – Atmosphere Interactions : A Review
- 2022
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Ingår i: Tellus. Series B, Chemical and physical meteorology. - : Stockholm University Press. - 0280-6509 .- 1600-0889. ; 74:1, s. 24-163
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This review presents how the boreal and the tropical forests affect the atmosphere, its chemical composition, its function, and further how that affects the climate and, in return, the ecosystems through feedback processes. Observations from key tower sites standing out due to their long-term comprehensive observations: The Amazon Tall Tower Observatory in Central Amazonia, the Zotino Tall Tower Observatory in Siberia, and the Station to Measure Ecosystem-Atmosphere Relations at Hyytiäla in Finland. The review is complemented by short-term observations from networks and large experiments.The review discusses atmospheric chemistry observations, aerosol formation and processing, physiochemical aerosol, and cloud condensation nuclei properties and finds surprising similarities and important differences in the two ecosystems. The aerosol concentrations and chemistry are similar, particularly concerning the main chemical components, both dominated by an organic fraction, while the boreal ecosystem has generally higher concentrations of inorganics, due to higher influence of long-range transported air pollution. The emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds are dominated by isoprene and monoterpene in the tropical and boreal regions, respectively, being the main precursors of the organic aerosol fraction.Observations and modeling studies show that climate change and deforestation affect the ecosystems such that the carbon and hydrological cycles in Amazonia are changing to carbon neutrality and affect precipitation downwind. In Africa, the tropical forests are so far maintaining their carbon sink.It is urgent to better understand the interaction between these major ecosystems, the atmosphere, and climate, which calls for more observation sites, providing long-term data on water, carbon, and other biogeochemical cycles. This is essential in finding a sustainable balance between forest preservation and reforestation versus a potential increase in food production and biofuels, which are critical in maintaining ecosystem services and global climate stability. Reducing global warming and deforestation is vital for tropical forests.
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| 3. |
- Kamal, Nadia, et al.
(författare)
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The mosaic oat genome gives insights into a uniquely healthy cereal crop
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 606:7912, s. 113-119
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cultivated oat (Avena sativa L.) is an allohexaploid (AACCDD, 2n = 6x = 42) thought to have been domesticated more than 3,000 years ago while growing as a weed in wheat, emmer and barley fields in Anatolia1,2. Oat has a low carbon footprint, substantial health benefits and the potential to replace animal-based food products. However, the lack of a fully annotated reference genome has hampered efforts to deconvolute its complex evolutionary history and functional gene dynamics. Here we present a high-quality reference genome of A. sativa and close relatives of its diploid (Avena longiglumis, AA, 2n = 14) and tetraploid (Avena insularis, CCDD, 2n = 4x = 28) progenitors. We reveal the mosaic structure of the oat genome, trace large-scale genomic reorganizations in the polyploidization history of oat and illustrate a breeding barrier associated with the genome architecture of oat. We showcase detailed analyses of gene families implicated in human health and nutrition, which adds to the evidence supporting oat safety in gluten-free diets, and we perform mapping-by-sequencing of an agronomic trait related to water-use efficiency. This resource for the Avena genus will help to leverage knowledge from other cereal genomes, improve understanding of basic oat biology and accelerate genomics-assisted breeding and reanalysis of quantitative trait studies.
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| 4. |
- Mascher, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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A chromosome conformation capture ordered sequence of the barley genome
- 2017
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 544:7651, s. 427-433
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cereal grasses of the Triticeae tribe have been the major food source in temperate regions since the dawn of agriculture. Their large genomes are characterized by a high content of repetitive elements and large pericentromeric regions that are virtually devoid of meiotic recombination. Here we present a high-quality reference genome assembly for barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). We use chromosome conformation capture mapping to derive the linear order of sequences across the pericentromeric space and to investigate the spatial organization of chromatin in the nucleus at megabase resolution. The composition of genes and repetitive elements differs between distal and proximal regions. Gene family analyses reveal lineage-specific duplications of genes involved in the transport of nutrients to developing seeds and the mobilization of carbohydrates in grains. We demonstrate the importance of the barley reference sequence for breeding by inspecting the genomic partitioning of sequence variation in modern elite germplasm, highlighting regions vulnerable to genetic erosion.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Strandberg, Gustav, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Bespoke climate indicators for the Swedish energy sector − a stakeholder focused approach
- 2024
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Ingår i: Climate Services. - Göteborg : IVL Svenska Miljöinstitutet. - 2405-8807. ; 34, s. 100486-100486
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Climate change concerns the energy sector to a high degree because the sector is sensitive both to changing conditions for power and heat production, and to changing demand for electricity, heating and cooling. In this study potential consequences of climate change on different parts of the Swedish energy sector were assessed in a series of workshops, where climate and energy scientists, energy systems experts and analysts met with representativesof the energy sector to assess the vulnerability of the sector and consider what climate indicators could be used to assess impacts of relevance. The impact of climate change depends on the energy type. Hydropower, for which production is naturally linked to weather and climate, is significantly impacted by climate change. For other forms of production, such as nuclear power, other factors such as e.g. policy and technology development are more important. The series of workshops held in this study, where different aspects of climate change and consequences were discussed, proved very successful and has increased our understanding of climate impacts on the energy system.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Nilsson, J, et al.
(författare)
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Assessing the climate and eutrophication impacts of grass cultivation at five sites in Sweden
- 2020
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Ingår i: Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica - Section B. - : Taylor and Francis Ltd.. - 0906-4710 .- 1651-1913.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology was combined with the agro-ecosystem model DNDC to assess the climate and eutrophication impacts of perennial grass cultivation at five different sites in Sweden. The system was evaluated for two fertilisation rates, 140 and 200 kg N ha−1. The climate impact showed large variation between the investigated sites. The largest contribution to the climate impact was through soil N2O emissions and emissions associated with mineral fertiliser manufacturing. The highest climate impact was predicted for the site with the highest clay and initial organic carbon content, while lower impacts were predicted for the sandy loam soils, due to low N2O emissions, and for the silty clay loam, due to high carbon sequestration rate. The highest eutrophication potential was estimated for the sandy loam soils, while the sites with finer soil texture had lower eutrophication potential. According to the results, soil properties and weather conditions were more important than fertilisation rate for the climate impact of the system assessed. It was concluded that agro-ecosystem models can add a spatial and temporal dimension to environmental impact assessment in agricultural LCA studies. The results could be used to assist policymakers in optimising use of agricultural land.
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| 9. |
- Hansson, A., et al.
(författare)
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Effect of changes in pH on the release of flavour compounds from a soft drink-related model system
- 2001
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Ingår i: Food Chemistry. - 0308-8146 .- 1873-7072. ; 74:4, s. 429-435
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Citric acid and phosphoric acid were added in variable amounts to a soft drink model system to show their effect on the release of six flavour compounds. High concentrations of the acids decreased the release of esters, probably because of the presence of large amounts of the dissociated form of the acids. However, the same amounts of added citric acid had no effect on flavour release when pH was regulated with sodium hydroxide. Changes in pH values achieved by adding hydrochloric acid also had no effect on flavour release. These results indicate that pH values used in soft drinks do not affect the release of flavour molecules. It is more likely the citric acid and the phosphoric acid, particularly their dissociated forms, which decrease the release of the esters. The other flavour compounds were not affected. Copyright © 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd.
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| 10. |
- Hansson, A., et al.
(författare)
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The effect of sugars and pectin on flavour release from a soft drink-related model system
- 2001
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Ingår i: Food Chemistry. - 0308-8146 .- 1873-7072. ; 72:3, s. 363-368
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Three types of sugar and high-methoxyl pectin at different concentrations were added to a soft drink-related model system consisting of water and six flavour compounds. The addition of these ingredients contributes to changes in viscosity and water activity, which in turn affects the release of the flavour compounds to the gas phase above the soft drink. In the study, a higher concentration of sucrose and invert sugar increased the release of five flavour compounds, probably owing to a so-called 'salting-out' effect. Starch syrup at a concentration of 60% increased the amount of three of the flavour compounds released and would probably increase the release of more compounds at a higher concentration. When pectin was added to the system, it was seen that viscosity does not influence release of the flavour molecules, but that the kind of stabiliser used is more important. Copyright © 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd.
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