| 1. |
- Blomqvist, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Fermentation of lignocellulosic hydrolysate by the alternative industrial ethanol yeast Dekkera bruxellensis
- 2011
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Ingår i: Letters in Applied Microbiology. - Malden, USA : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0266-8254 .- 1472-765X. ; 53:1, s. 73-78
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: Testing the ability of the alternative ethanol production yeast Dekkera bruxellensis to produce ethanol from lignocellulose hydrolysate and comparing it to Saccharomyces cerevisiae.Methods and Results: Industrial isolates of D. bruxellensis and S. cerevisiae were cultivated in small-scale batch fermentations of enzymatically hydrolysed steam exploded aspen sawdust. Different dilutions of hydrolysate were tested. None of the yeasts grew in undiluted or 1 : 2 diluted hydrolysate [final glucose concentration always adjusted to 40 g l(-1) (0.22 mol l(-1))]. This was most likely due to the presence of inhibitors such as acetate or furfural. In 1 : 5 hydrolysate, S. cerevisiae grew, but not D. bruxellensis, and in 1 : 10 hydrolysate, both yeasts grew. An external vitamin source (e.g. yeast extract) was essential for growth of D. bruxellensis in this lignocellulosic hydrolysate and strongly stimulated S. cerevisiae growth and ethanol production. Ethanol yields of 0 42 +/- 0 01 g ethanol (g glucose)(-1) were observed for both yeasts in 1 : 10 hydrolysate. In small-scale continuous cultures with cell recirculation, with a gradual increase in the hydrolysate concentration, D. bruxellensis was able to grow in 1 : 5 hydrolysate. In bioreactor experiments with cell recirculation, hydrolysate contents were increased up to 1 : 2 hydrolysate, without significant losses in ethanol yields for both yeasts and only slight differences in viable cell counts, indicating an ability of both yeasts to adapt to toxic compounds in the hydrolysate.Conclusions: Dekkera bruxellensis and S. cerevisiae have a similar potential to ferment lignocellulose hydrolysate to ethanol and to adapt to fermentation inhibitors in the hydrolysate.Significance and Impact of the study: This is the first study investigating the potential of D. bruxellensis to ferment lignocellulosic hydrolysate. Its high competitiveness in industrial fermentations makes D. bruxellensis an interesting alternative for ethanol production from those substrates.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Berg, Lotta, et al.
(författare)
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Yttrande från SLUs vetenskapliga råd för djurskydd om hållande av hund och katt
- 2018
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Detta yttrande är skrivet på uppdrag av Jordbruksverket i samband med verkets översyn av föreskrifterna för hund och katt. För att Jordbruksverkets föreskrifter ska vara väl förankrade i den senaste forskningen önskar verket inhämta underlag från det vetenskapliga rådet för djurskydd vid Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, specifikt gällande områdena rörelsebehov, social kontakt och avvänjning.
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| 4. |
- Bubolz, Jéssica, et al.
(författare)
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Genetically modified (GM) late blight-resistant potato and consumer attitudes before and after a field visit
- 2022
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Ingår i: GM Crops and Food Biotechnology in Agriculture and the Food Chain. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2164-5698 .- 2164-5701. ; 13, s. 290-298
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans, is the most devastating disease in potato production. Here, we show full late blight resistance in a location with a genetically diverse pathogen population with the use of GM potato stacked with three resistance (R) genes over three seasons. In addition, using this field trials, we demonstrate that in-the-field intervention among consumers led to change for more favorable attitude generally toward GM crops.
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| 5. |
- Cintas Sanchez, Olivia, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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The potential role of forest management in Swedish scenarios towards climate neutrality by mid century
- 2017
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Ingår i: Forest Ecology and Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-1127 .- 1872-7042. ; 383:January, s. 73-84
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Swedish climate policy targets net zero greenhouse gases (GHG) by mid-century, with road transport independent of fossil fuels by 2030, requiring far-reaching changes in the way energy is used. Forest management is expected to support carbon sequestration and provide biomass for various uses, including energy. In this paper, we combine two energy scenarios with four forest scenarios and quantify GHG balances associated with energy-use for heat, electricity, and road transport, and with forest management and production, use, and end-of-life management of various forest products, including products for export. The aggregated GHG balances are evaluated in relation to the 2-degree target and an allocated Swedish CO2 budget. The production of biofuels in the agriculture sector is considered but not analyzed in detail.The results suggest that Swedish forestry can make an important contribution by supplying forest fuels and other products while maintaining or enhancing carbon storage in vegetation, soils, and forest products. The GHG neutrality goal is not met in any of the scenarios without factoring in carbon sequestration. Measures to enhance forest productivity can increase output of forest products (including biofuels for export) and also enhance carbon sequestration. The Swedish forest sector can let Sweden reach net negative emissions, and avoid “using up” its allocated CO2 budget, thereby increasing the associated emissions space for the rest of the world.
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| 6. |
- Eriksson, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
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Environmental consequences of introducing genetically modified soy feed in Sweden
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier BV. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 176, s. 46-53
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Most environmental assessments of soy production and trade do not distinguish between genetically modified (GM) and non-GM soy. In reality though, soybean imports to European Union maintain identity preservation through segregated supply lines. We, therefore, perform an attributional life cycle assessment (ALCA) of the global soy chain separately for the GM and non-GM imports. First a detailed mapping of the soy-feed supply chain is done, beginning from the farm in Latin America to the animal farmer in European Union. Subsequently, life cycle is assessed to calculate the environmental impacts of each supply line for 14 impact categories, including global warming potential. Since non-GM soy based compound feed is expensive, in countries such as Sweden where there is zero tolerance for genetically modified organisms, animal farmers face a higher cost of production. As a result, there exists the possibility for a policy shift towards use of only GM soy. Hence, a consequential life cycle assessment (CLCA) is performed that includes the market effects for a scenario of shifting from GM to non-GM soy. This also ensures robustness in our estimation of the differential environmental impacts. Results from ALCA reveal that there are no significant environmental gains from importing non-GM soy over GM soy. Global warming potential and freshwater ecotoxicity are very high from non-GM imports while GM soy imports have a larger effect on land uses and terrestrial eutrophication. Increased transport distances due to segregation for non-GM soy is a major contributor to the higher negative environmental effects. Results from the CLCA, however, show that GM soy has a higher negative impact in most of the impact categories including global warming potential and freshwater and terrestrial acidification. This is possible when high demand for low cost GM triggers greater production in Latin America and substitution of locally grown protein, such as rapeseed cake, in Sweden. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 7. |
- Hammar, Torun, et al.
(författare)
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Climate effects of a forestry company : including biogenic carbon fluxes and substitution effects
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Forestry will play an important role in a future bioeconomy, by providing wood fibres for biomaterial and bioenergy. However, there are contradictory opinions on the climate change mitigation potential of forestry. Stora Enso, an international forestry company, has the ambition to improve its climate impact assessment at corporate level.In this work, a system perspective was applied, where greenhouse gas emissions from value chains, biogenic carbon fluxes from forest land owned or leased by Stora Enso and temporarily stored in harvested wood products, and the substitution effect, i.e. avoided emissions from substituted products and energy were considered. Furthermore, new substitution factors for pulp and paper products were developed.The estimated climate effect at corporate level was a net removal of -11.5 million Mg CO2-eq yr-1 (i.e. a climate benefit) when considering value chain emissions, biogenic carbon fluxes from forest land and harvested wood products, and avoided emissions from substitution. Uptake of biogenic carbon counteracted around 40% of the value chain emissions, while the largest climate benefit (removal of 17.9 million Mg CO2-eq) was due to substitution of more greenhouse gas-intensive products.The new substitution factors developed for pulp and paper products were applied in the climate impact calculation at company level. Important assumptions and possible improvements for future studies were identified, e.g. how to assess the impact of cascading wood use in substitution calculations.
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| 8. |
- Hammar, Torun, et al.
(författare)
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Climate effects of a forestry company – including biogenic carbon fluxes and substitution effects (2021 update)
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Forestry play an important role in the bioeconomy, and will continues to do so in the future, by providing wood fibres for biomaterial and bioenergy that substitute for fossil-based alternatives, while at the same time storing carbon in forests and harvested wood products. However, there are contradictory opinions on the climate change mitigation potential of forestry. Stora Enso, an international forestry company, has the ambition to improve its climate impact assessment at corporate level. In this work, a system perspective was applied, where greenhouse gas emissions from value chains, biogenic carbon fluxes from forest land owned or leased by Stora Enso and temporarily stored in harvested wood products, and the substitution effect, i.e. avoided emissions from substituted products and energy were considered. Furthermore, new substitution factors for pulp and paper products were developed. The current report is an update of the original report, published in 2020 (Hammar et. al. 2020), based on production and value chain emissions data for the year 2021, as well as Eucalyptus plantation area as of December 2020. Overall changes in greenhouse gas fluxes relative the ones published in Hammar et al. (2020) are minor. The estimated climate effect at corporate level for 2021 is a net removal of -11.0 million Mg CO2-eq yr-1 (i.e. a climate benefit) for the year 2021 (compared to -11.5 million Mg CO2-eq yr-1 for the year 2019) when considering value chain emissions, biogenic carbon fluxes from forest land and harvested wood products, and avoided emissions from substitution. Uptake of biogenic carbon counteracted around 40% of the value chain emissions (10.2 million Mg CO2-eq yr-1), while the largest climate benefit (removal of 17.2 million Mg CO2-eq) was due to substitution of more greenhouse gas-intensive products. The same substitution factors developed in Hammar et al. (2020) for pulp and paper products were applied in the climate impact calculation at company level. Possible improvements for future studies inclued, e.g., the assessment of the impact of cascading wood use in substitution calculations.
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| 9. |
- Hammar, Torun, et al.
(författare)
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Climate impact and energy efficiency of woody bioenergy systems from a landscape perspective
- 2019
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Ingår i: Biomass and Bioenergy. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0961-9534 .- 1873-2909. ; 120, s. 189-199
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The climate impact of bioenergy is debated, especially due to potential land use change effects and biogenic carbon fluxes. This study assessed the climate impact and energy efficiency of conventional long-rotation forest residues (branches, tops and stumps) and short-rotation forestry (willow) from a landscape perspective. A time-dependent life cycle assessment method, which considers the timing of biogenic carbon fluxes and the impact on global temperature over time, was combined with GIS mapping to assess the impact for a specific Swedish region (Uppsala County), i.e. a 'real' landscape. The results showed that harvesting forest residues decreased the forest carbon stocks over the landscape, while growing willow on previous fallow land increased the total carbon stocks. On average, energy ratios of 49 MJ MJ(-1) for branches and tops, and 30 MJ MJ(-1) for stumps and willow was found. Harvesting forest residues from the studied landscape resulted in climate impacts of around 0.8.10(-15) K MJ(-1) heat for branches and tops, and 1.3.10(-15) K MJ(-1) heat for stumps. Willow energy gave the lowest climate impact of about -0.6,10(-15) K MJ(-1) heat. The landscape analysis showed that spatial variations in the region had an effect on energy efficiency and climate impact, but that this effect was relatively small. A more important factor was the time frame chosen for the analysis, especially for long-rotation forest systems. Methodological choices such as spatial scale (stand or landscape perspective), allocation method and functional unit also influenced the results.
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