| 1. |
- Hansson, B. A. M., et al.
(författare)
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Characterisation of a liquid-xenon jet laser-plasma extreme-ultraviolet source
- 2004
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Ingår i: Review of Scientific Instruments. - : AIP Publishing. - 0034-6748 .- 1089-7623. ; 75:6, s. 2122-2129
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A liquid-xenon-jet laser-plasma source for extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) and soft-x-ray generation has been characterized. Being a source candidate for EUV lithography (EUVL), we especially focus on parameters important for the integration of the source in EUVL systems. The deep-ultraviolet (DUV) out-of-band radiation (=120–400 nm) was quantified, to within a factor of two, using a flying-circus tool together with a transmission-grating spectrograph resulting in a total DUV conversion efficiency (CE) of ~0.33%/2sr. The size and the shape of the xenon plasma was investigated using an in-band-only EUV microscope, based on a spherical Mo/Si multilayer mirror and a charge-coupled device detector. Scalability of the source size from 20–270 µm full width at half maximum was shown. The maximum repetition-rate sustainable by the liquid-xenon-jet target was simulated by a double-pulse experiment indicating feasibility of >17 kHz operation. The xenon-ion energy distribution from the plasma was determined in a time-of-flight experiment with a Faraday-cup detector showing the presence of multi-kilo-electron-volt ions. Sputtering of silicon witness plates exposed to the plasma was observed, while a xenon background of >1 mbar was shown to eliminate the sputtering. It is concluded that the source has potential to meet the requirements of future EUVL systems.
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| 2. |
- Deogan, Charlotte L., et al.
(författare)
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A cost-effectiveness analysis of the Chlamydia Monday A community-based intervention to decrease the prevalence of chlamydia in Sweden
- 2010
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 38:2, s. 141-150
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: The study was undertaken to assess the cost-effectiveness of the Chlamydia Monday, 2007. This is a community-based intervention aimed at reducing the prevalence of chlamydia by information and increased availability of testing, treatment and contact tracing in Stockholm. The aim was to analyze the cost-effectiveness by estimating costs, savings and effects on health associated with the intervention, and to determine if cost-effectiveness varies between men and women. Methods: A societal perspective was adopted, meaning all significant costs and consequences were taken into consideration, regardless of who experienced them. A cost-effectiveness model was constructed including costs of the intervention, savings due to avoiding potential costs associated with medical sequels of chlamydia infection, and health gains measured as quality adjusted life years (QALY). Sensitivity analyses were done to explore model and result uncertainty. Results: Total costs were calculated to be (sic)66,787.21; total savings to (sic)30,370.14; and total health gains to 9.852324 QALYs (undiscounted figures). The discounted cost per QALY was (sic)8,346.05 ((sic)10,810.77/QALY for women and (sic)6,085.35/QALY for men). Sensitivity analyses included changes in effectiveness, variation of prevalence, reduced risk of sequel progression, inclusion of prevented future production loss and shortened duration for chronic conditions. The cost per QALY was consistently less than (sic)50,000, which is often regarded as cost-effective in a Swedish context. Conclusions: The Chlamydia Monday has been demonstrated by this study to be a cost-effective intervention and should be considered a wise use of society's resources.
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| 3. |
- Hansson, Anne, et al.
(författare)
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Nya exportmarknader på livsmedelsområdet : Vilka länder utanför EU vill företagen satsa på och kan vi mäta hur det går?
- 2014
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Regeringen har givit Jordbruksverket i uppdrag att kartlägga vilka länder utanför EU som kan anses ha stor potential för svensk export av livsmedel samt göra en analys av möjligheterna att utveckla en mer informativ handelsstatistik som bl.a. tar hänsyn till vidareexport.Jordbruksverkets kartläggning och analys grundas bl.a. på en enkätundersökning, djupintervjuer av livsmedelsföretag, dialog med berörda myndigheter samt information i officiella databaser.Av enkätundersökningen framkom att 22 procent av företagen såg länder utanför EU som möjliga framtida exportmarknader. Inom Europa bedöms Norge vara en potentiell marknad. I övriga världen är det Kina, Ryssland och USA som ligger i topp. Flest potentiella exportmarknader ser företagen för alkoholfria/alkoholsvaga drycker. Kött- och charkföretag anger potentiella marknader i bortre Asien men även i Afrika och i vårt direkta närområde såsom Norge och Ryssland. Dessutom finns ett antal bearbetade livsmedel, ofta unika produkter, där företagen ser exportmöjligheter i en rad länder spridda i flera världsdelar.Utifrån gjord analys bedöms det finnas en stor potential att öka exporten av livsmedel och jordbruksprodukter till framförallt USA, Kina, Japan och Ryssland. Länderna ifråga är mycket stora importörer av livsmedel och jordbruksprodukter och har också identifierats av många svenska livsmedelsindustriföretag som intressanta marknader. Exporten försvåras dock i nuläget av bl.a. tillämpningen av regelverket på det sanitära och fytosanitära området. Även Kanada, Sydkorea, Saudiarabien, Indien och Malaysia, med vilka EU nyligen har eller är på gång att förhandla fram frihandelsavtal, bedöms vara kandidater för ökad svensk export. Norge bedöms även fortsättningsvis vara en viktig exportmarknad för Sverige.I och med att statistik över import och export ofta används som underlag för beslutsfattare inom olika områden är det önskvärt att handelsstatistiken speglar faktiska förhållanden. I nuläget blåser vidareexport av bl.a. norsk lax upp den svenska handelsstatistiken vilket ger oss en felaktig bild av den faktiska handeln. Hur Sverige redovisar handelsstatistik är reglerat i EU-lagstiftning. Det är därför inte möjligt att korrigera för vidareexport i den officiella statistiken. Däremot är det möjligt för Jordbruksverket att regelbundet publicera en bearbetad handelsstatistik.Då SCB i dagsläget samlar in en stor mängd registerbaserad data, bl.a. från Skatteverket, bedöms det finnas underlag för att från befintlig statistik kunna redovisa exportens betydelse för lönsamhet, sysselsättning och tillväxt utan att öka berörda företags administrativa börda.För att underlätta exporten till de potentiella marknaderna vill företagen ha en samlad information kring exportfrågor, en effektiv hantering av landgodkännanden och stöd i den internationella affärsutvecklingen. Utifrån dessa önskemål nämns i rapporten ett antal åtgärder kopplade till information, landgodkännande, marknadskännedom och kontaktnät, ekonomi samt handelsstatistik som kan främja svensk livsmedelsexport.
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| 4. |
- Huselius, Joel, 1975-
(författare)
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Reverse Engineering of Legacy Real-Time Systems : An Automated Approach Based on Execution-Time Recording
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Many real-time systems have significant value in terms of legacy, since large efforts have been spent over many years to ensure their proper functionality. Examples can be found in, e.g., telecom and automation-industries. Maintenance consumes the major part of the budget for these systems. As each system is part of a dynamically changing larger whole, maintenance is required to modify the system to adapt to these changes. However, due to system complexity, engineers cannot be assumed to understand the system in every aspect, making the full range of effects of modifications on the system difficult to predict. Effect prediction would be useful, for instance in early discovery of unsuitable modifications. Accurate models would be useful for such prediction, but are generally non-existent.With the introduction of a method for automated modeling, this thesis applies an industrial perspective to the problem of obtaining models of legacy real-time systems. The method generates a model of the system as it behaved during the executions. The recordings cover system level events such as context switches and communication, and may optionally cover data manipulations on task level, which allows modeling of causal relations. As means of abstraction, the models can contain probabilistic selections and execution time requirements. The method also includes automatic validation of the generated model, in which the model is compared to the system behavior. Our method has been implemented and has been evaluated in both an industrial case-study and in a controlled experiment. For the controlled experiment, we have developed a framework for automatic evaluation of (automated) modeling methods.Using the models generated with our method, engineers can prototype designs of modifications, which allows for early rejection of unfeasible designs. The earlier such rejection is performed, the more time and resources are freed for other activities.
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| 5. |
- Nolte, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Real-time server-based communication with CAN
- 2005
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics. - 0278-0046 .- 1557-9948. ; 1:3, s. 192-200
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper investigates the concept of share-driven scheduling of networks using servers with real-time properties. Share-driven scheduling provides fairness and bandwidth isolation between predictable as well as unpredictable streams of messages on the network. The need for this kind of scheduled real-time communication network is high in applications that have requirements on flexibility, both during development for assigning communication bandwidth to different applications, and during run-time to facilitate dynamic addition and removal of system components. We illustrate the share-driven scheduling concept by applying it to the popular controller area network (CAN). We propose a scheduling mechanism that we call simple server-scheduled CAN (S-3-CAN), for which we also present an associated timing analysis. Additionally, we present a variant of S'-CAN called periodic server-scheduled CAN (PS2-CAN), which for some network configurations gives lower worst-case response-times than S-3-CAN. Also for this improvement, a timing analysis is presented. Moreover, we use simulation to evaluate the timing performance of both S-3-CAN and PS2-CAN, comparing them with other scheduling mechanisms.
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| 6. |
- Rodriguez-Navas, Guillermo, et al.
(författare)
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Automated specification and verification of functional safety in heavy-vehicles : The verispec approach
- 2014
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Ingår i: Proceedings - Design Automation Conference. - New York, NY, USA : ACM. - 9781479930173
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- ISO 26262 is the new standard for automotive functional safety. This standard identies major process steps across a large number of system stages as well as safety-related artifacts required as input and output of these steps. The VeriSpec project intends to identify the main challenges for the adoption of ISO 26262 by the heavy-vehicle industry and to provide useful and industrially relevant components (methods, tools etc.) required by the standard. The project work targets two main research goals: (i) requirement formalization support, including a usable front-end for specifying requirements by using patterns, and (ii) formal analysis of realizations in form of architectural models at various levels of abstraction, by model-checking the formal representations of the latter. In this paper, we present the current challenges facing industry and justifying VeriSpec, together with a preliminary roadmap for the research.
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