| 1. |
- Bjursten, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Once after a full moon : acute type A aortic dissection and lunar phases
- 2022
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Ingår i: Interactive Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery. - : Oxford University Press. - 1569-9293 .- 1569-9285. ; 34:1, s. 105-110
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: Acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) is a rare but severe condition, routinely treated with emergent cardiac surgery. Many surgeons have the notion that patients with ATAAD tend to come in clusters, but no studies have examined these observations. This investigation was undertaken to study the potential association between the lunar cycle and the incidence of ATAAD.METHODS: We collected information on 2995 patients who underwent ATAAD surgery at centres from the Nordic Consortium for Acute Type A Aortic Dissection collaboration. We cross-referenced the time of surgery with lunar phase using a case-crossover design with 2 different definitions of full moon (>99% illumination and the 7-day full moon period).RESULTS: The period when the moon was illuminated the most (99% definition) did not show any significant increase in incidence for ATAAD surgery. However, when the full moon period was compared with all other moon phases, it yielded a relative risk of 1.08 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00-1.17, P = 0.057] and, compared to waxing moon, only the relative risk was 1.11 (95% CI 1.01-1.23, P = 0.027). The peak incidence came 4-6 days after the moon was fully illuminated.CONCLUSIONS: This study found an overrepresentation of surgery for ATAAD during the full moon phase. The explanation for this is not known, but we speculate that sleep deprivation during full moon leads to a temporary increase in blood pressure, which in turn could trigger rupture of the aortic wall. While this finding is interesting, it needs to be corroborated and the clinical implications are debateable.
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| 2. |
- Bridel, Claire, et al.
(författare)
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Diagnostic Value of Cerebrospinal Fluid Neurofilament Light Protein in Neurology : A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
- 2019
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Ingår i: JAMA Neurology. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 2168-6149 .- 2168-6157. ; 76:9, s. 1035-1048
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Importance Neurofilament light protein (NfL) is elevated in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of a number of neurological conditions compared with healthy controls (HC) and is a candidate biomarker for neuroaxonal damage. The influence of age and sex is largely unknown, and levels across neurological disorders have not been compared systematically to date.Objectives To assess the associations of age, sex, and diagnosis with NfL in CSF (cNfL) and to evaluate its potential in discriminating clinically similar conditions.Data Sources PubMed was searched for studies published between January 1, 2006, and January 1, 2016, reporting cNfL levels (using the search terms neurofilament light and cerebrospinal fluid) in neurological or psychiatric conditions and/or in HC.Study Selection Studies reporting NfL levels measured in lumbar CSF using a commercially available immunoassay, as well as age and sex.Data Extraction and Synthesis Individual-level data were requested from study authors. Generalized linear mixed-effects models were used to estimate the fixed effects of age, sex, and diagnosis on log-transformed NfL levels, with cohort of origin modeled as a random intercept.Main Outcome and Measure The cNfL levels adjusted for age and sex across diagnoses.Results Data were collected for 10 059 individuals (mean [SD] age, 59.7 [18.8] years; 54.1% female). Thirty-five diagnoses were identified, including inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system (n = 2795), dementias and predementia stages (n = 4284), parkinsonian disorders (n = 984), and HC (n = 1332). The cNfL was elevated compared with HC in a majority of neurological conditions studied. Highest levels were observed in cognitively impaired HIV-positive individuals (iHIV), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and Huntington disease. In 33.3% of diagnoses, including HC, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer disease (AD), and Parkinson disease (PD), cNfL was higher in men than women. The cNfL increased with age in HC and a majority of neurological conditions, although the association was strongest in HC. The cNfL overlapped in most clinically similar diagnoses except for FTD and iHIV, which segregated from other dementias, and PD, which segregated from atypical parkinsonian syndromes.Conclusions and Relevance These data support the use of cNfL as a biomarker of neuroaxonal damage and indicate that age-specific and sex-specific (and in some cases disease-specific) reference values may be needed. The cNfL has potential to assist the differentiation of FTD from AD and PD from atypical parkinsonian syndromes.
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| 3. |
- Eliasson, Kent, et al.
(författare)
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Do firms learn by exporting or learn to export? : Evidence from small and medium-sized enterprises
- 2012
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Ingår i: Small Business Economics. - : Springer. - 0921-898X .- 1573-0913. ; 39:2, s. 453-472
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using a matching approach, we compare the productivity trajectories of future export-entrants and matched nonentrants. Future exporters have higher productivity than do nonentrants before entry into international markets, which indicates self-selection into exports. More interestingly, we also observe a productivity increase among export-entrants relative to nonentrants before export entry. This might be explained by higher investments in physical capital prior to export entry. We find no evidence that the productivity gap between export-entrants and nonentrants continues to grow after export entry. Our results suggest that learning to export occurs but that learning by exporting does not. In contrast to previous studies on Swedish manufacturing, we focus particularly on small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).
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| 4. |
- Eliasson, Kent, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of foreign acquisitions on R&D and high-skill activities
- 2017
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Ingår i: Small Business Economics. - : Springer. - 0921-898X .- 1573-0913. ; 49:1, s. 163-187
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using Swedish microdata, we find no evidence for the concerns circulating in the public debate that foreign acquisitions lead to reductions in both R&D expenditures and high-skilled activities in targeted domestic firms for either MNEs or non-MNEs. Previous studies have only focused on larger firms. In this paper, we are able to study the impact on smaller firms (fewer than 50 employees), which is important because 90% of the firms acquired meet this criterion. For this group of firms, there is no information on R&D, but by using the register of educational attainment, we obtain data on the share of high skilled labor in all Swedish firms irrespective of size. Interestingly, we find that among smaller firms, foreign enterprises tend to acquire high-productive, skill-intensive firms (cherry-picking). After the acquisitions, skill upgrading appears in acquired smaller, non-MNE firms, particularly in the service sector.
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| 5. |
- Eliasson, Kent, et al.
(författare)
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Funktionell specialisering inom multinationella företag i svenskt näringsliv
- 2021
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Ingår i: Ekonomisk Debatt. - Lund : Nationalekonomiska föreningen. - 0345-2646. ; 49:1, s. 28-42
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- De globala värdekedjornas ökade betydelse och en tilltagande fragmentering av produktionsprocesserna har påverkat näringslivets specialisering i Sverige, såväl på nationell som på regional nivå. Detta är en utveckling som man kan lägga märke till inom de multinationella företagen. I denna artikel diskuteras vilka specialiseringsmönster som observeras inom dessa företag och i vad mån ökad funktionell specialisering och expansion utomlands bidragit till ökade eko-nomiska skillnader mellan regioner.
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| 6. |
- Eliasson, Kent, et al.
(författare)
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Jobs and exposure to international trade within the service sector in Sweden
- 2012
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Ingår i: The World Economy. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0378-5920 .- 1467-9701. ; 35:5, s. 578-608
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To establish in which service industries there is international trade (or it may potentially exist), we calculate locational Ginis for different industries. The basic idea is that from this measure of regional concentration of different activities within a country we can identify industries where there appears to be regional trade, and hence also a potential for international trade. Based on our method, we find that: (i) the number of employed in tradable service appears to be at least as large as in the manufacturing sector, (ii) tradable service is much more skill intensive than manufacturing, and (iii) lately, the employment in tradable service has increased substantially. We argue that the last mentioned result is consistent with the substantial growth of skilled labour in Sweden since the mid-1990s (Rybczynski effect) and factors leading to increased relative demand for skilled labour. Particularly, increased competition from and offshoring to low-wage countries seem recently to have had a considerable impact on the creation of skilled jobs and the displacement of less skilled jobs in the tradable sector in Sweden. Furthermore, we apply a similar method as for industries to identify tradable occupations. Using our classification of tradable industries and tradable occupations in a Mincer type wage equation, we find that workers in such industries and occupations receive a wage premia of 1213 per cent.
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| 7. |
- Eliasson, Kent, et al.
(författare)
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Patterns of employment, skills, and tasks within MNEs associated with offshoring
- 2022
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Ingår i: The World Economy. - : Blackwell Publishing. - 0378-5920 .- 1467-9701. ; 45:4, s. 944-970
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examine the relationship between relative demands for skills, non-routine, and non-offshorable tasks in Swedish MNE parents (onshore) and their employment shares in affiliates abroad (offshore). Our estimations suggest that increased employment shares in affiliates abroad (offshore) result in higher relative demand for skills and larger shares of non-routine tasks performed by employed that are highly educated in the parents at home (onshore). However, we do not find any evidence for that the share of non-offshorable tasks rises in the parents of Swedish MNEs when employment shares increase in their affiliates overseas. Furthermore, we estimate the relationships between absolute employment onshore (skilled and less-skilled labour) and employment in affiliates offshore (high- and low-income countries). Increased employment in affiliates in low-income countries relates negatively to the employment of less-skilled workers in manufacturing MNE parents (substitute), whereas increased employment in affiliates in high-income countries correlates positively with the employment of skilled workers in service MNE parents (complement).
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| 8. |
- Eliasson, Kent, et al.
(författare)
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Tjänsteexporten allt viktigare för Sverige
- 2011
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Ingår i: Ekonomisk Debatt. - : Nationalekonomiska föreningen. - 0345-2646. ; 39:7, s. 28-40
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Den svenska utrikeshandeln domineras av varuhandeln. Endast runt 30 procent av den totala exporten utgörs av export av tjänster, medan tjänstesektorns andel av BNP eller av den totala sysselsättningen är avsevärt större än tillverkningsindustrins. Tjänsteexporten har emellertid på senare år vuxit snabbare än varuexporten och det finns, som redogörs för i uppsatsen, anledning att hävda att tjänstehandelns betydelse i förhållande till varuhandeln underskattas. I uppsatsen analyseras hur det internationella specialiseringsmönstret ser ut inom den svenska tjänstesektorn och dessutom diskuteras det ökade samspelet mellan varu- ochtjänsteproducerande sektorer. Slutligen argumenteras för att tjänstehandeln behöver belysas bättre i den ekonomiska statistiken.
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| 9. |
- Eliasson, Kent, et al.
(författare)
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Utländska uppköp : hot eller möjlighet?
- 2017
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Ingår i: Ekonomisk Debatt. - : Nationalekonomiska Föreningen / Swedish Economic Society. - 0345-2646. ; 45:7, s. 41-55
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 10. |
- Eliasson, Kent, et al.
(författare)
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Är exportfrämjandet motiverat?
- 2010
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Ingår i: Ekonomisk Debatt. - : Nationalekonomiska föreningen. - 0345-2646. ; 38:1, s. 31-45
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Enligt handelsminister Ewa Björling är handels- och investeringsfrämjande åtgärder avgörande för att säkra Sveriges position som en framgångsrik handelsnation och en viktig spelare på den globala marknaden. Hon menar också att i tider av ekonomisk oro, när den globala handeln minskar, blir handels- och investeringsfrämjandet än mer angeläget (Ds 2009:35, s 7–8). I denna artikel diskuteras vilka samhällsekonomiska motiv som kan ligga bakom exportfrämjande åtgärder och huruvida det finns empiriskt stöd för sådana. Vår slutsats är att även om det finns både teoretiska argument och empiriska belägg för att offentligt finansierade satsningar på exportfrämjande åtgärder har effekt, överskattas sannolikt dessa insatsers betydelse.
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