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Träfflista för sökning "WFRF:(Hansson Ola) ;hsvcat:2"

Sökning: WFRF:(Hansson Ola) > Teknik

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2.
  • Karlsson Potter, Hanna, et al. (författare)
  • A systems analysis of biodiesel production from wheat straw using oleaginous yeast : process design, mass and energy balances
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Biotechnology for Biofuels. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1754-6834. ; 9:1, s. 1-13
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Biodiesel is the main liquid biofuel in the EU and is currently mainly produced from vegetable oils. Alternative feedstocks are lignocellulosic materials, which provide several benefits compared with many existing feedstocks. This study examined a technical process and its mass and energy balances to gain a systems perspective of combined biodiesel (FAME) and biogas production from straw using oleaginous yeasts. Important process parameters with a determining impact on overall mass and energy balances were identified and evaluated. Results: In the base case, 41% of energy in the biomass was converted to energy products, primary fossil fuel use was 0.37 MJprim/MJ produced and 5.74 MJ fossil fuels could be replaced per kg straw dry matter. The electricity and heat produced from burning the lignin were sufficient for process demands except in scenarios where the yeast was dried for lipid extraction. Using the residual yeast cell mass for biogas production greatly increased the energy yield, with biogas contributing 38% of total energy products. Conclusions: In extraction methods without drying the yeast, increasing lipid yield and decreasing the residence time for lipid accumulation are important for the energy and mass balance. Changing the lipid extraction method from wet to dry makes the greatest change to the mass and energy balance. Bioreactor agitation and aeration for lipid accumulation and yeast propagation is energy demanding. Changes in sugar concentration in the hydrolysate and residence times for lipid accumulation greatly affect electricity demand, but have relatively small impacts on fossil energy use (NER) and energy yield (EE). The impact would probably be greater if externally produced electricity were used.
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3.
  • GUNNARSDÓTTIR, SOFFÍA ARNÞRÚÐUR, 1987, et al. (författare)
  • Towards Simulation of Geometrical Effects of Laser Tempering of Boron Steel before Self-Pierce Riveting
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-8271. ; 44, s. 304-309
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The automotive industry is continuously developing and finding new ways to respond to the incremental demands of higher safety standards and lower environmental impact. As an answer to weight reduction of vehicles, the combination of boron steel and composite material is being developed along with their joining process, self-pierce riveting. Boron steel is an ultra-high strength material that needs to be locally softened before the joining process. However, the joining process deforms the part. This paper investigates factors affecting the geometrical deformation during the tempering process and lists important phenomena that need to be included when simulating the tempering process.
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4.
  • Fagerström, Anton, et al. (författare)
  • Large scale bio electro jet fuel production integration at CHP-plant in Östersund, Sweden
  • 2021. - B 2407
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • This document reports the findings of the project “Large scale bio electro jet fuel production integration at CHP-plant in Östersund, Sweden”. BEJF is an electrofuel produced in a synthesis process where biogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) is the main carbon source and hydrogen from electrolysis of water using renewable electricity is the main energy source. The project is a feasibility study for a factory for such fuel located at Jämtkraft's facility for CHP in Östersund. Thus, the aim of the project is to assess the feasibility for producing renewable aviation fuel at a specific location considering and evaluating e.g., different processes, operations and integrations, costs, environmental impact, business models and actors.IVL The Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Jämtkraft (JK), Chalmers University (CU), Lund University (LU), Nordic Initiative for Sustainable Aviation (NISA), and Fly Green Fund (FGF) have been the primary implementers in this project. Other project stakeholders (AFAB, and The Power Region), have provided relevant data to the various working groups. The project has included experimental work, modelling and calculations, as well as literature-based studies but not the construction of any facilities.
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5.
  • Svensson, Mats, 1960, et al. (författare)
  • Nervenzellschäden bei Schleudertraumen. Tierexperimentelle Untersuchungen
  • 1998
  • Ingår i: Orthopäde. ; :27, s. 820-826
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Die mechanische Belastung der Halswirbelsäule (HWS) bei Autounfällen verursacht ofteine Reihe von Halsverletzungen, die unterdem Begriff Schleudertrauma zusammengefaût werden. Mehrere dieser Symptomekönnen möglicherweise durch Verletzungenim Bereich der Nervenwurzeln der HWS erklärt werden. Die Hypothese wurde aufgestellt,daû während der Extensions- und Flexionsbewegungendes Halses, aufgrund vonhämodynamischen Auswirkungen, ¾nderungendes inneren Volumens des Halswirbelkanalskurzzeitige Druckveränderungenim ZNS verursachen und daû dadurch Gewebeschäden durch die mechanische Belastungder Nervenwurzel entstehen. Um dieHypothese zu überprüfen, wurden anästhesierteSchweine einem experimentellenSchleudertrauma mit Extensions-, FlexionsundSeitneigungsbewegungen ausgesetzt.Die traumatische Belastung wurde unterhalbeiner Stufe gehalten, bei der eine Halswirbelfrakturstattfinden könnte. Während derBelastung wurde der Pulsdruck im Halswirbelkanalgemessen. In diesem Zusammenhangergaben sich Hinweise einer Dysfunktionder Zellmembran bei Nervenzellkörpernder Spinalganglien. Die ganglionären Verletzungenkönnen möglicherweise einige dermit Weichteilverletzungen des Halses nachAutounfällen einhergehenden Symptomeerklären. Um die Situation bei einem Auffahrunfallzu simulieren, wurde der Kopf desSchweines rückwärts vom Torso weggezogen.Dabei wurde festgestellt, daû die ganglionären Verletzungen zu einem sehr frühenZeitpunkt während der Halsbewegungenstattfinden und zwar in der Phase, in der dieBewegung von der Retraktion zur Extensionwechselt. Bei einer ähnlichen, jedoch statischenBelastung des Halses wurden keineganglionären Verletzungen bei den Schweinenfestgestellt. Dies ist ein Hinweis darauf,daû diese Verletzungen durch dynamischeFaktoren verursacht werden und bietet somitweitere Unterstützung für die Druckhypothese.Auf der Basis eines theoretischen Modellswurden Kriterien für Halsverletzungen(neck injury criterion = NIC) entwickelt. Esweist darauf hin, daû das Risiko von ganglionären Verletzungen am Punkt der maximalenHalsretraktion durch die unterschiedlichehorizontale Beschleunigung und Geschwindigkeitzwischen Kopf und oberemTorso bestimmt wird.
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6.
  • Boström, Ola, 1963, et al. (författare)
  • A new neck injury criterion candidate-based on injury findings in the cervical spinal ganglia after experimental neck extension trauma
  • 1996
  • Ingår i: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1996 INTERNATIONAL IRCOBI CONFERENCE ON THE BIOMECHANICS OF IMPACT, SEPTEMBER 11-13, DUBLIN, IRELAND. ; , s. 123-136
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In this study a mathematical model, based on Navier Stokes equations, was developed and validated against experimental data. This model predicts the pressure changes in the spinal canal as a function of the volume change inside the canal during neck bending in the x-z (sagittal) plane. Another aim of the study was to investigate pressure phenomena and ganglion injuries at static neck extension loading and dynamic neck extension trauma with a head-restraint present. Experiments on pigs were conducted. Preliminary results indicate that ganglion injuries, as well as pressure transients inside the spinal canal, seem to correlate to the phase shift when the neck passes an s-shape (or maximal retraction) during the rearward motion of the head. That is, when the upper neck quickly changes from a flexion to an extension shape. Static loading of the neck resulted in no signs of injuries to the ganglia. A possible candidate for a neck injury criterion is presented, based on the relative acceleration between the top and the bottom of the cervical spine. A tolerance level based on the pig tests is also discussed.
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7.
  • Henriksson, Dan, et al. (författare)
  • Tools for Real-Time Control Systems Co-Design
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: ARTES -- A network for Real-Time research and graduate Education in Sweden 1997--2006.
  • Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A survey of four co-design tools for joint analysis, simulation, and design of computer-based control systems developed within the Swedish ARTES programme is presented. The tools allow simultaneous treatment of the control aspects and the computing and communication aspects of the control problems. The tools are Jitterbug and TrueTime developed at the Department of Automatic Control LTH, Lund University, and Aida and Xilo developed at the Division of Mechatronics, Department of Machine Elements, KTH.
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8.
  • Karlsson Potter, Hanna, et al. (författare)
  • Greenhouse gas performance of biochemical biodiesel production from straw : Soil organic carbon changes and time-dependent climate impact
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Biotechnology for Biofuels. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1754-6834. ; 10:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Use of bio-based diesel is increasing in Europe. It is currently produced from oilseed crops, but can also be generated from lignocellulosic biomass such as straw. However, removing straw affects soil organic carbon (SOC), with potential consequences for the climate impact of the biofuel. This study assessed the climate impacts and energy balance of biodiesel production from straw using oleaginous yeast, with subsequent biogas production from the residues, with particular emphasis on SOC changes over time. It also explored the impact of four different scenarios for returning the lignin fraction of the biomass to soil to mitigate SOC changes. Climate impact was assessed using two methods, global warming potential (GWP) and a time-dependent temperature model (ΔT s ) that describes changes in mean global surface temperature as a function of time or absolute temperature change potential (AGTP). Results: Straw-derived biodiesel reduced GWP by 33-80% compared with fossil fuels and primary fossil energy use for biodiesel production was 0.33-0.80 MJprim/MJ, depending on the scenario studied. Simulations using the time-dependent temperature model showed that a scenario where all straw fractions were converted to energy carriers and no lignin was returned to soil resulted in the highest avoided climate impact. The SOC changes due to straw removal had a large impact on the results, both when using GWP and the time-dependent temperature model. Conclusions: In a climate perspective, it is preferable to combust straw lignin to produce electricity rather than returning it to the soil if the excess electricity replaces natural gas electricity, according to results from both GWP and time-dependent temperature modelling. Using different methods to assess climate impact did not change the ranking between the scenarios, but the time-dependent temperature model provided information about system behaviour over time that can be important for evaluation of biofuel systems, particularly in relation to climate target deadlines.
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9.
  • Mousa, Abdelrazek H., et al. (författare)
  • Carboxylation of the Ni-Me Bond in an Electron-Rich Unsymmetrical PCN Pincer Nickel Complex
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Organometallics. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0276-7333 .- 1520-6041. ; 39:9, s. 1553-1560
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The synthesis of a new unsymmetrical PCN ligand bearing tert-butyl groups on the phosphorus atom and isopropyl groups on the nitrogen donor atom is presented. It reacts with the commercially available Ni(DME)Br2 precursor to offer the corresponding t-BuPCNi-Pr pincer nickel bromide complex 1 together with a paramagnetic species, which was characterized as a tetrahedral nickel complex. Complex 1 reacts with MeMgCl to give the corresponding methyl complex 3. Carboxylation of complex 3 using 4 atm of CO2 gave the PCN nickel acetate complex 4 under mild reaction conditions comparable to those for the corresponding palladium complexes with PCP ligands.
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10.
  • Svensson, Mats, 1960, et al. (författare)
  • Neck injuries in car collisions--a review covering a possible injury mechanism and the development of a new rear-impact dummy
  • 2000
  • Ingår i: Accident Analysis and Prevention. - 0001-4575. ; 32:2, s. 167-75
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A review of a few Swedish research projects on soft tissue neck injuries in car collisions is presented together with some new results. Efforts to determine neck injury mechanisms was based on a hypothesis stating that injuries to the nerve root region in the cervical spine are a result of transient pressure gradients in the spinal canal during rapid neck bending. In experimental neck trauma research on animals, pressure gradients were observed and indications of nerve cell membrane dysfunction were found in the cervical spinal ganglia. The experiments covered neck extension, flexion and lateral bending. A theoretical model in which fluid flow was predicted to cause the transient pressure gradients was developed and a neck injury criterion based on Navier-Stokes Equations was applied on the flow model. The theory behind the Neck Injury Criterion indicates that the neck injury occurs early on in the rearward motion of the head relative to the torso in a rear-end collision. Thus the relative horizontal acceleration and velocity between the head and the torso should be restricted during the early head-neck motion to avoid neck injury. A Bio-fidelic Rear Impact Dummy (BioRID) was developed in several steps and validated against volunteer test results. The new dummy was partly based on the Hybrid III dummy. It had a new articulated spine with curvature and range of motion resembling that of a human being. A new crash dummy and a neck injury criterion will be very important components in a future rear-impact crash test procedure.
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