| 1. |
- Anderbrant, O., et al.
(författare)
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Electrophysiological and morphological characteristics of pheromone receptors in male pine sawflies, Diprion pini (Hymenoptera : Diprionidae), and behavioural response to some compounds
- 1995
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Ingår i: Journal of Insect Physiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-1910. ; 41:5, s. 395-401
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The morphology and physiology of pheromone receptors on the antennae of male pine sawflies, Diprion pini L., were investigated. Using scanning electron microscopy, five sensillar types were recognized. The type shown to be pheromone sensitive has a long (50-70 μm) cuticular hair, is single-walled, and is innervated by 8 or 9 sensory cells as revealed by transmission electron microscopy. Electroantennography (EAG) showed similar activity of the acetate and propionate of (2S,3R,7R)-3,7-dimethyl-2-tridecanol, precursor of the main constituent of the female-produced sex pheromone. No other isomer induced any significant response. Single-sensillum recordings confirmed the results of the EAG, and also showed that several neurons were excited by the active compound. EAG recordings and combined gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detection indicated that esters of three 3,7-dimethyl-2-pentadecanol (diprionol) isomers were active, but field tests could not demonstrate any behavioural effect. Diprionol esters are used as sex pheromones by all other pine sawflies investigated so far, and D. pini is thus the first diprionid species shown to use a different sex pheromone.
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| 2. |
- Anderbrant, Olle, et al.
(författare)
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Field response of the pine sawfly Neodiprion sertifer to the pheromone (2S, 3S, 7S)‐diprionyl acetate and its stereoisomers
- 1992
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Ingår i: Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. - : Wiley. - 0013-8703. ; 62:2, s. 169-181
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- All eight optical isomers of 3,7‐dimethyl‐2‐pentadecanyl acetate (diprionyl acetate), of high optical purity (>97.4%), were tested for a behavioural activity on male pine sawflies, Neodiprion sertifer (Geoffr.) (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae), in northern Europe. Males were strongly attracted to (2S, 3S, 7S)‐diprionyl acetate. Addition of more than 0.1% of the (2S, 3R, 7R)‐isomer reduced the catch and above 2% the attraction was completely inhibited. Contrary to what has been reported for North American and Japanese populations, so significant synergistic effect of small amounts of the (2S, 3R, 7R)‐isomer could be demonstrated. The effects of addition of the other six optical isomers alone or in combinations, were also studied, but none was found to be a synergist. The (2S, 3R, 7S)‐isomer had a weak inhibitory effect, and completely inhibited the attraction to the (2S, 3S, 7S)‐isomer when applied in about equal amounts as the attractant. In some cases a reduction in catch was noted when other isomers were tested, but this could be attributed to the very small amounts of the inhibitory (2S, 3R, 7R)‐isomer present in these isomers. 1992 The Netherlands Entomological Society
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| 3. |
- Söderström, A, et al.
(författare)
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A large Escherichia coli O157 outbreak in Sweden associated with locally produced lettuce.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Foodborne pathogens and disease. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1556-7125 .- 1535-3141. ; 5:3, s. 339-49
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2005 a large outbreak of verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) occurred in Sweden. Cases were interviewed and cohort and case-control studies were conducted. Microbiological investigations were performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect the Shiga-like toxin (Stx) genes followed by cultivation and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. A total of 135 cases were recorded, including 11 cases of hemolytic uremic syndrome. The epidemiological investigations implicated lettuce as the most likely source of the outbreak, with an OR of 13.0 (CI 2.94-57.5) in the case-control study. The lettuce was irrigated by water from a small stream, and water samples were positive for Stx 2 by PCR. The identical VTEC O157 Stx 2 positive strain was isolated from the cases and in cattle at a farm upstream from the irrigation point. An active surveillance and reporting system was crucial and cooperation between all involved parties was essential for quickly identifying the cause of this outbreak. Handling of fresh greens from farm to table must be improved to minimize the risk of contamination.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Anderbrant, Olle, et al.
(författare)
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Development of mating disruption for control of pine sawfly populations
- 1995
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Ingår i: Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. - : Wiley. - 0013-8703. ; 74:1, s. 83-90
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mating disruption of the pine sawfly Neodiprion sertifer (Geoffroy) (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae) was strongly indicated by reduced male trap catches in pine plantations permeated with the sex pheromone, (2S, 3S, 7S)‐diprionyl acetate. The trap catch reduction was 95 to near 100% when dispensers every 10 m were used, giving a total release of about 3 mg per hectare and day. Two mg of pheromone per cotton roll dispenser maintained low catches for the whole season (about 2 months) without any renewal of disruption dispensers. An erythro‐mixture was as effective as the pure pheromone isomer. The effects of the experiments on population density and sex ratio were not possible to investigate, due to a general collapse of the population, also outside experimental plots, the year after the experiments. 1995 The Netherlands Entomological Society
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| 6. |
- Bowlin, Melissa, et al.
(författare)
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The effects of geolocator drag and weight on the flight ranges of small migrants
- 2010
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Ingår i: Methods in Ecology and Evolution. - 2041-210X. ; 1:4, s. 398-402
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 1. Researchers are currently placing hundreds of geolocators on migratory animals. Return rates for some small birds carrying these devices have been lower than expected, potentially because geo- locators increase drag during flight. 2. We measured the drag of three different geolocators (1 2g BAS-MK10, 1 0 g SOI-GL10 09 and 0 5 g SOI-GL05 10) in backpack-style harnesses on two preserved bird bodies in a wind tunnel.We then used these measurements to estimate the effects of this drag on the flight ranges of several small migratory birds. 3. Both theBAS-MK10 and SOI-GL05 10 significantly increased drag; the drag was also consider- ably higher when a geolocator was attached between the wings (wing harness) than on the rump (leg-loop harness). 4. The effects of the increased drag of these devices on the predicted flight ranges of birds were simi- lar to the effects of their weight and may thus explain the results of previous studies that showed decreased return rateswhen using geolocators and other tracking devices. 5. We recommend that researchers and manufacturers work to minimize the drag of geolocators and other externally attached tracking or data collection devices on flying and swimming animals. This can be accomplished with geolocators by attaching devices above birds rumps instead of between their wings and flattening the devices to reduce their height.
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| 7. |
- Currie, Shannon E., et al.
(författare)
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Conversion efficiency of flight power is low, but increases with flight speed in the migratory bat Pipistrellus nathusii
- 2023
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. - 0962-8452. ; 290:1998
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The efficiency with which flying animals convert metabolic power to mechanical power dictates an individual's flight behaviour and energy requirements. Despite the significance of this parameter, we lack empirical data on conversion efficiency for most species as in vivo measurements are notoriously difficult to obtain. Furthermore, conversion efficiency is often assumed to be constant across flight speeds, even though the components driving flight power are speed-dependent. We show, through direct measurements of metabolic and aerodynamic power, that conversion efficiency in the migratory bat (Pipistrellus nathusii) increases from 7.0 to 10.4% with flight speed. Our findings suggest that peak conversion efficiency in this species occurs near maximum range speed, where the cost of transport is minimized. A meta-analysis of 16 bird and 8 bat species revealed a positive scaling relationship between estimated conversion efficiency and body mass, with no discernible differences between bats and birds. This has profound consequences for modelling flight behaviour as estimates assuming 23% efficiency underestimate metabolic costs for P. nathusii by almost 50% on average (36-62%). Our findings suggest that conversion efficiency may vary around an ecologically relevant optimum speed and provide a crucial baseline for investigating whether this drives variation in conversion efficiency between species.
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| 8. |
- Frey, T., et al.
(författare)
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The human odorant receptor OR10A6 is tuned to the pheromone of the commensal fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster
- 2022
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Ingår i: iScience. - : Elsevier BV. - 2589-0042. ; 25:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- All living things speak chemistry. The challenge is to reveal the vocabulary, the odorants that enable communication across phylogenies and to translate them to physiological, behavioral, and ecological function. Olfactory receptors (ORs) interface animals with airborne odorants. Expression in heterologous cells makes it possible to interrogate single ORs and to identify cognate ligands. The cosmopolitan, anthropophilic strain of the vinegar fly Drosophila melanogaster depends on human resources and housing for survival. Curiously, humans sense the pheromone (Z)-4-undecenal (Z4-11Al) released by single fly females. A screening of all human ORs shows that the most highly expressed OR10A6 is tuned to Z4-11Al. Females of an ancestral African fly strain release a blend of Z4-11Al and Z4-9Al that produces a different aroma, which is how we distinguish these fly strains by nose. That flies and humans sense Z4-11Al via dedicated ORs shows how convergent evolution shapes communication channels between vertebrate and invertebrate animals.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Hedenström, Per, et al.
(författare)
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High clinical impact and diagnostic accuracy of EUS-guided biopsy sampling of subepithelial lesions: a prospective, comparative study.
- 2018
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Ingår i: Surgical endoscopy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-2218 .- 0930-2794. ; 32:3, s. 1304-1313
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a tertiary center setting we aimed to study the diagnostic accuracy and clinical impact of EUS-guided biopsy sampling (EUS-FNB) with a reverse bevel needle compared with that of fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) in the work-up of subepithelial lesions (SEL).All patients presenting with SELs referred for EUS-guided sampling were prospectively included in 2012-2015. After randomization of the first pass modality, dual sampling with both EUS-FNB and EUS-FNA was performed in each lesion. Outcome measures in an intention-to-diagnose analysis were the diagnostic accuracy, technical failures, and adverse events. The clinical impact was measured as the performance of additional diagnostic procedures post-EUS and the rate of unwarranted resections compared with a reference cohort of SELs sampled in the same institution 2006-2011.In 70 dual sampling procedures of unique lesions (size: 6-220 mm) the diagnostic sensitivity for malignancy and the overall accuracy of EUS-FNB was superior to EUS-FNA compared head-to-head (90 vs 52%, and 83 vs 49%, both p < 0.001). The adverse event rate of EUS-FNB was low (1.2%). EUS-FNB in 2012-2015 had a positive clinical impact in comparison with the reference cohort demonstrated by less cases referred for an additional diagnostic procedure, 12/83 (14%) vs 39/73 (53%), p < 0.001, and fewer unwarranted resections in cases subjected to surgery, 3/48 (6%) vs 12/35 (34%), p = 0.001.EUS-FNB with a reverse bevel needle is safe and superior to EUS-FNA in providing a conclusive diagnosis of subepithelial lesions. This biopsy sampling approach facilitates a rational clinical management and accurate treatment.
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