| 1. |
- Heiden, Bowman, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Reevaluating Patent Damages in the Knowledge Economy: The Intellectual Value Chain and the Royalty Base for Standard-Essential Patents
- 2016
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Ingår i: Criterion Journal on Innovation. - 2573-623X. ; 1, s. 229-285
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this article, we examine the issue of apportionment through the determination of the proper royalty base in the adjudication of patent damages, or, more precisely, FRAND royalties for standard-essential patents. Through the use of an intellectual value chain framework, we illustrate the market norms of actors in standards-enabled telecommunications markets and analyze the alignment of those market norms with legal norms in the U.S. courts. In particular, case studies of Qualcomm and ARM exemplify different market and industry norms regarding patent licensing. The main findings suggest that rote use of rules such as the smallest saleable patent-practicing unit and the entire market value rule are not well adjusted for use in markets characterized by an intellectual value chain logic and could lead to a reduction in dynamic efficiency in certain markets in the telecommunications industry. However, other U.S. legal norms, such as the use of the Georgia-Pacific factors, provide courts with the ability to effectively incorporate market norms in the determination of the SEP royalty base. Recent SEP court cases showed a mixed application of royalty bases, though the courts did demonstrate an openness to a variety of apportionment theories, basing their decisions primarily on the credibility of the testimony and market context as opposed to rote application of legal norms. This indicates that the U.S. legal system possesses the requisite normative space to effectively account for the value of SEPs applied through different market structures and competitive business models. Finally, our methodology suggests the usefulness of an epistemological approach to law that combines market norms (that is, Market Law) with doctrinal legal norms (that is, State Law), particularly in technology markets operating at the interface of law and innovation.
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| 2. |
- Heiden, Bowman, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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The Law and (Institutional) Economics of Patents – Towards a theory of patent value in the knowledge economy
- 2017
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Ingår i: in Lensink, R., Sjögren, S. & Wihlborg, C. (Eds.) (2017). Paths for Sustainable Economic Development A Festschrift for Shubhashis Gangopadhyay on his 60th birthday. - : University of Gothenburg, Chapman University, University of Groningen. - 9789163952159 ; , s. 363-379
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 3. |
- Hookway, Samantha, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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The Problem with Problems: Reframing and Cognitive Bias in Healthcare Innovation
- 2018
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Ingår i: R&D Management Conference - R&Designing Innovation: Transformational Challenges for Organisations and Society.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Design Thinking (DT), a term that has become well-branded in the world of innovation, is typically defined broadly as a methodology for problem-solving stemming from the way designers think and do. However, from cognitive science or social psychology perspective, DT can be more specifically viewed as a process for overcoming cognitive bias in thinking and decision-making (Liedtka 2014). The purpose of this study is to better understand how cognitive bias influences the way in which decision-makers frame their problems and the impact of DT methods to substantially reframe the problem leading to better innovative solutions. Specifically, the relationship between cognitive bias and reframing was investigated through a comparative, cross-sectional analysis of nine healthcare innovation projects in the Västra Götaland Region of Sweden and two in-depth case studies. Thus, we ask in this paper, (1) is the problem really what people think it is, and if not, why? and (2) which methods are most useful in exposing misunderstandings and reframing the problem? The cognitive difference between the original framing and the reframed problem is further analyzed and interpreted, resulting in a new theoretical concept of reframing distance and reframing space.
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| 4. |
- Hookway, Samantha, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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The Problem with Problems: Reframing and Cognitive Bias in Healthcare Innovation
- 2019
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Ingår i: The Design Journal. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1460-6925 .- 1756-3062. ; 22:Issue sup1: Running with Scissors: 13th International Conference of the European Academy of Design, Dundee, 10-12th April, 2019, edited by Louise Valentine and Leon Cruickshank, s. 553-574
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Design Thinking (DT), well-branded in the world of innovation, is typically defined as a methodology for problem-solving stemming from the way designers think and do. However, from a cognitive science or social psychology perspective, DT can be viewed as a process for overcoming cognitive bias in decision-making (Liedtka 2015). The purpose of this study is to better understand how cognitive biases influence the way decision-makers frame problems and the impact of DT methods to reframe the problem. Specifically, this relationship was investigated through a comparative analysis of nine healthcare innovation projects and two in-depth case studies. Thus, asking (1) is the problem really what people think it is, and if not, why? and (2) which methods are most useful in exposing misunderstandings and reframing the problem? The cognitive difference between the original and the reframed problem is further propositioned; resulting in the theoretical concepts of reframing distance and reframing space.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Petrusson, Ulf, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Doubting What You’re Sure Of
- 2008
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Ingår i: IAM Magazine. ; 29
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Petrusson, Ulf, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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IP in the Knowledge Economy
- 2007
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Ingår i: The Handbook of European Intellectual Property Management, eds. Jolly, Adam & Philpott, Jeremy. - : Kogan Page. - 9780749449889 ; , s. 21-25
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 10. |
- Petrusson, Ulf, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Making Patent Strategy Strategic
- 2008
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Ingår i: IAM Magazine. ; 30
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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