| 1. |
- Deogan, Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
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Socioeconomic inequalities in sexual victimisation in a nationally representative sample of the Swedish population
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : Sage Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 51:4, s. 552-560
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: Sexual victimisation is a key public health concern because of its physical, psychological and social consequences. Nationally representative studies exploring sexual victimisation and re-victimisation are still scarce. The aim of the current study was to explore associations of sexual victimisation with sociodemographic factors including sexual orientation in Sweden.Methods: We used Swedish data from a national population survey linked to nationwide registers. The sample consisted of 3349 individuals aged 30-44 years, (2021 women and 1328 men). With a latent class analysis we identified groups of individuals with distinctly different experiences of sexual victimisation. Multinomial logistic regression was used to explore how common characteristics could explain latent class membership classes.Results: Experiences of sexual victimisation were common: 48% of women and 13% of men had experienced sexual harassment, 47% of women and 12% of women sexual assault, 11% of women and 1% of men attempted intercourse and 8% of women and 1% of men rape. Among women four groups were identified who had distinctly different experiences of exposure to sexual victimisation such as low victimisation, sexually harassed and assaulted several times, highly sexually victimised with low re-victimisation and finally high victimisation. Both women and men who were highly sexually victimised had to a higher extent a non-heterosexual sexual identity.Conclusions: Non-heterosexual orientation is a robust indicator of a high level of sexual victimisation as well as re-victimisation among both male and female adults.
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| 4. |
- Segebladh, Birgitta, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of violence exposure in women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder in comparison with other gynecological patients and asymptomatic controls
- 2011
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Ingår i: Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-6349 .- 1600-0412. ; 90:7, s. 746-752
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. The aim of the present study was to estimate prevalence rates of physical,emotional and sexual abuse in women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder(PMDD) in comparison with gynecological outpatients and asymptomatic healthycontrol subjects. Design. Cross-sectional study. Settings. Departments of obstetricsand gynecology in three different Swedish hospitals. Population. Fifty-eightwomen meeting strict criteria for PMDD, a control group of 102 women seekingcare at the gynecological outpatient clinic (ObGyn controls) and 47 asymptomatichealthy control subjects were included in this study. Methods. The Swedish versionof the Abuse Assessment Screen was used to collect information on physical andsexual abuse, and the screening instrument was administered as a face-to-face interview.Main Outcome Measures. Previous and ongoing physical and sexual abuse.Results. Any lifetime abuse (physical, emotional or sexual) was reported by 31.0%of PMDD patients, by 39.2% of ObGyn controls and by 21.3% of healthy controls.The ObGyn controls reported physical and/or emotional abuse significantly moreoften than PMDD patients as well as healthy controls (p<0.05). Lifetime sexualabuse was reported significantly more often by ObGyn controls than by healthycontrols (p<0.05). Conclusions. Patients with PMDD appear not to have sufferedphysical, emotional or sexual abuse to a greater extent than other gynecologicalpatients or healthy control subjects. However, exposure to violence was common inall groups of interviewed women, and for the individual patient these experiencesmay contribute to their experience of symptoms.
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| 5. |
- Stenson, Kristina, 1952-
(författare)
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Men's Violence against Women – a Challenge in Antenatal Care
- 2004
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Men’s violence against women is a universal issue affecting health, human rights and gender-equality. In pregnancy, violence is a risk for both the mother and her unborn child.The overall aims were: to determine the prevalence of such violence in a Swedish pregnant population, to investigate pregnant women’s attitudes to questioning about exposure to violence, and to evaluate experience gained by antenatal care midwives having routinely questioned pregnant women regarding violence.All women registered for antenatal care in Uppsala, Sweden, during 6 months were assessed regarding acts of violence. The Abuse Assessment Screen (AAS) was used twice during pregnancy and again after delivery when the women were asked an open-ended written question regarding attitudes to questioning about violence. Midwives’ experiences regarding routine assessment were evaluated in focus group discussions.The AAS questions were answered by 93% (1,038) of those eligible. Physical abuse by a partner or relative during or shortly after pregnancy was reported by 1.3%, and by 2.8% when the year preceding pregnancy was included. Lifetime sexual abuse was reported by 8.1%. Repeated questioning increased the abuse detection rate. Abused women reported more previous ill-health, and women physically abused during pregnancy more pregnancy terminations than did non-abused women. Abuse assessment was found entirely acceptable by 80%, both acceptable and unacceptable/disagreeable by 5% and solely unacceptable/ disagreeable by 3%, while 12% were neural. Abused and non-abused women did not differ regarding disinclination to answer the abuse questions. According to the midwives the delicacy of the subject and the male partners’ presence were the most prominent remaining obstacles to routine determination of violence. Routines are required to make questioning about violence an integral part of antenatal care. This would necessitate a private appointment for the woman, knowledge among care providers about the nature of men’s violence, and awareness of referral options.
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| 6. |
- Öberg, Mariella, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Experiences of sexual violence among women seeking services at a family planning unit in Sweden
- 2019
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Ingår i: Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 0300-9734 .- 2000-1967. ; 124:2, s. 135-139
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Experiences of sexual violence among women can lead to ill health and increase the risk of lifetime co-occurrence of violence. Identifying risk factors and victims facilitates development of effective programmes for treatment and prevention of additional violence. The primary aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and correlates of sexual violence experiences among women seeking care at a family planning unit in Sweden. A secondary aim was to examine associations between sexual violence and other types of violence.Methods: Women (n=1226) seeking services at a family planning unit, Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden, answered a questionnaire and were interviewed about experiences of sexual violence. Bivariate associations were examined using the chi-square test.Results: Experiences of sexual violence were reported by 27% of the participants, of which 57% were exposed when they were younger than 18 years old. Women with experiences of sexual violence were more likely to have lower education (P=0.024), were students or without occupation (P=0.037), and were not in a current relationship (P<0.001). Women with experiences of non-partner sexual violence were more likely to have experiences of intimate partner violence (P<0.001).Conclusion: Prevalence of sexual violence was high among the respondents. Many women were young when they were exposed to violence, and lifetime co-occurrence of violence was common among women with experiences of non-partner sexual violence.
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| 7. |
- Öberg, Mariella, 1970-
(författare)
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Exposed to Violence
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Violence against women is a crime against human rights and a major global public health issue affecting the lives of millions of girls and women worldwide. Exposure to violence poses a threat to health, both in the short and the long term. To minimize the devastating consequences of violence it is central to identify girls and women who have been exposed and to find possible risk factors that may serve as targets for prevention efforts.The main aims of this thesis were to study the prevalence of sexual, physical and psychological violence among women in Sweden and to explore possible associations to violence and polyvictimization during childhood as well as sociodemographic factors.In a family planning unit, 1226 women seeking either termination of pregnancy or contraceptive counseling were recruited to answer questions about different types of violence. Of the women seeking termination of pregnancy, 29% reported experiences of intimate partner violence, compared to 22% of women seeking contraceptive counseling. Of all the women attending a family planning unit, 27% reported lifetime experiences of sexual violence.A survey containing questions about lifetime experiences of sexual, physical and/or psychological violence was sent to a national sample of 10 000 women and 10 000 men. Lifetime experiences of at least one type of severe violence were reported by over 50% of both women and men. Sexual violence was more than three times more common among women compared to men.Rape/attempted rape in adulthood was more common among women who were single, had college-level education and those who had been unemployed or had received social welfare payments.Exposure to sexual, physical and psychological violence in childhood was highly associated with rape/attempted rape in adulthood among the women respondents.Conclusion: Lifetime experiences of violence are common among women in Sweden. Multiple exposure to violence during childhood is the most potent risk factor for exposure to sexual violence in adulthood. The findings underscore the importance of detecting individuals who have been exposed in order to offer help, and may contribute to the development of effective prevention programs, especially among children and adolescents.
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| 8. |
- Öberg, Mariella, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Lifetime experiences of violence against women and men in Sweden
- 2021
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : Sage Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 49:3, s. 301-308
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: The aims of this cross-sectional study were to examine the prevalence of lifetime exposure to sexual, physical and psychological violence among a representative sample of women and men in Sweden, and to analyze if there were gender differences regarding the types of violence the participants were exposed to and by whom it was perpetrated.Methods: A survey containing questions about lifetime experiences of sexual, physical and psychological violence was sent to a national sample of 10,000 women and 10,000 men aged 18-74; 56.8% of the women and 46.5% of the men agreed to participate.Results: Sexual violence in childhood was reported by 26.4% of women and 22.1% experienced sexual violence in adulthood. Among men, 11% disclosed experiences of sexual violence in childhood and 4.5% in adulthood. Physical violence was experienced by 39.3% of women in childhood and by 18.8% as adults, often by a present or former partner. Among men, 59.3% were exposed to physical violence during childhood, often by a peer, and 20.4% as adults. Psychological violence in childhood was experienced by 58.1% of women in childhood and by 21.8% in adulthood. Among male respondents, 69.2% reported experiences of physiological violence in childhood, often by a peer, and 9.4% in adulthood.Conclusions: Lifetime violence exposure is common in the Swedish population. Though it affects both women and men, the patterns of type of violence and perpetrators are different. The results suggest that violence prevention early in life is important to target.
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| 9. |
- Öberg, Mariella, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Sexual violence against women in Sweden : Associations with combined childhood violence and sociodemographic factors
- 2021
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : Sage Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 49:3, s. 292-300
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: This cross-sectional, population-based study aimed to investigate the prevalence of violence polyvictimization during childhood and sexual violence in adulthood among women, and how childhood violence exposure and sociodemographic factors associate with women’s risk of experiencing sexual violence in adulthood.Methods: A survey regarding lifetime experiences of sexual, physical and psychological violence was sent to a national sample of 10,000 women aged 18–74 years, of which 56% participated. Data were analysed using Chi-square analyses and logistic regression.Results: Sexual violence before 18 years of age was reported by 16.3% and rape/attempted rape in adulthood by 10.2% of the women. In univariate analyses, sexual, physical, and psychological violence during childhood was associated with rape/attempted rape in adulthood (odds ratio 4.5, confidence interval 3.2–6.2; odds ratio 2.5, confidence interval 1.3–4.6; and odds ratio 2.5, confidence interval 1.8–3.2, respectively). Associations were stronger for combined exposure to sexual and physical (odds ratio 5.5, confidence interval 2.5–12.3), sexual and psychological (odds ratio 9.2, confidence interval 6.7–12.8) or sexual, physical, and psychological violence (odds ratio 14.1, confidence interval 10.4–19.2) during childhood. Rape/attempted rape after 18 years of age was more common among women who were single, those with college-level education and those who had been unemployed or had received social welfare payments. Most associations remained relatively unchanged when including all exposure and background variables in multivariate analyses.Conclusions: Although several of the sociodemographic factors studied showed significant associations, multiple exposure to violence during childhood was found to be the most potent risk factor for sexual violence in adulthood among adult women.
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