| 1. |
- Armengaud, E., et al.
(författare)
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Model-based toolchain for the efficient development of safety-relevant automotive embedded systems
- 2011
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Ingår i: SAE technical paper series. - 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States : SAE International. - 0148-7191.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Advanced functionalities unthinkable a few decades ago are now being introduced into automotive vehicles through embedded systems for reasons like emission control, vehicle connectivity, safety and cooperative behaviors. As the development often involves stakeholders from different engineering disciplines and organizations, the complexity due to shared requirements, interdependencies of data, functions, and resources, as well as tight constraints in regards to timing, safety, and resource efficiency makes the system integration, quality control and assurance, reuse and change management increasingly more difficult. This calls for a more rigorous approach to the development of automotive embedded systems and components. This paper describes the CESAR reference technology platform (RTP) that supports the formalization of various engineering concerns in the development of safety-relevant embedded systems and thereby a model-based integration of various tools and methods to form seamless environments or toolchains for the development of such systems.
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| 2. |
- Åmand, Lars-Erik, 1957, et al.
(författare)
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Co-Combustion of Dried Sewage Sludge and Coal The Fate of Heavy Metals
- 2001
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Ingår i: In Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion--FBC01, held in Reno, Nevada, USA, May 13-16, 2001.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The fate of some selected heavy metals has been investigated during co-combustion of sewage sludge and coal in two fluidised bed combustors: the 12MWth circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler at CTH and the laboratory scale unit at IVD. The total and species balances were, in general, fairly well closed, and the increased amounts of heavy metals originating from the input sludge were also found in the exit flows. Volatile species such as Hg and Cd are sensitive to the temperature conditions. Thus, almost no mercury was found in the bottom ash, and a cyclone at 350 °C captured little Hg in comparison to a cyclone and filters at 150 °C. The high particle loading in a CFB appears to contribute essentially to the reduction of the flue gas mercury concentration; the emission is reduced by orders of magnitude compared to a plant with low particle concentration. In most cases investigated the emissions of heavy metals were below the limits related to co-combustion set by the European Union.
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