| 1. |
- Agewall, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Efterlyses : politik mot hjärtinfarkt
- 2013
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - Stockholm : Sveriges läkarförbund. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 110:13-14, s. 664-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
- Alsharari, Zayed, et al.
(författare)
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Association between carbohydrate intake and fatty acids in the de novo lipogenic pathway in serum phospholipids and adipose tissue in a population of Swedish men
- 2020
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Ingår i: European Journal of Nutrition. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1436-6207 .- 1436-6215. ; 59:5, s. 2089-2097
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose Fatty acid composition in blood and adipose tissue (AT) is a useful biomarker of dietary fat quality. However, circulating saturated fatty acids (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) have been proposed to also reflect carbohydrate-induced de novo lipogenesis (DNL) and stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) activity. We aimed to test the hypothesis that high carbohydrate intake is related to SFA and MUFA in serum or AT in a Swedish population. Methods Fatty acid composition was measured in serum phospholipids (PL) and AT by gas chromatography in 63-year-old men (n = 299). Carbohydrate and alcohol intake was assessed (validated 7-day food records) in relation to total SFA, 16:0 (palmitate), 16:1 (palmitoleate), and estimated SCD activity (16:1n-7/16:0-ratio) in serum PL and in AT, respectively. Results Total carbohydrate intake was inversely associated with 16:0 in PL (P = 0.005), independently of BMI. Disaccharides were non-linearly (restricted cubic splines) and weakly associated with 16:1 and SCD activity in PL (nonlinear trend,P <= 0.02) but not AT. Carbohydrate intake and SCD expression were not associated (P >= 0.08,n = 81). Alcohol intake was, however, linearly associated with 16:0 in PL (P < 0.001), and with 16:1 (P < 0.001) and SCD activity (P <= 0.005) in both PL and AT. Conclusions Higher carbohydrate intake from sugar-rich foods or beverages was not clearly reflected by higher SFA or SCD activity in serum PL or AT. Alcohol was, however, associated with higher SFA and MUFA.
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| 3. |
- Alsharari, Zayed, et al.
(författare)
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Association between carbohydrate intake and fatty acids in the de novo lipogenic pathwayin serum phospholipids and adipose tissue among 63-year old men
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- AbstractBackground: Fatty acid composition in blood and adipose tissue is useful to reflect dietary fatquality, although the utility of even-chain saturated fatty acids (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) has been debated. Since SFA also can be produced via de novo lipogenesis (DNL), and desaturated to MUFA, it has been proposed that these fatty acids may reflect carbohydrate-induced DNL. We aimed to test the hypothesis that high carbohydrate intake, especially sugars, is related to SFA and MUFA in serum and adipose tissue.Methods: Validated 7-day food records were collected and fatty acid composition in serum phospholipids (PL) and adipose tissue (AT) were measured in 63-year-old men (n=299). Stearoyl-CoA desaturate (SCD) activities in AT and PL were estimated by the palmitoleic acid (16:1) to palmitic acid (16:0) ratio. Associations of dietary carbohydrate, disaccharides, monosaccharides, carbohydrate-to-fiber ratio, and alcohol with the sum of even-chain SFA, 16:0, 16:1, and SCD activity were assessed using linear regression models with and without adjustment for BMI. Non-linear trends were evaluated using restricted cubic splines. In a subsample (n=81) with RNA measured in AT biopsies, associations of dietary carbohydrate and alcohol with SCD gene expression were assessed using linear regression models.Results: In BMI-adjusted models, intake of carbohydrates was inversely associated with palmitic acid in PL (P=0.005). Disaccharide intake was non-linearly associated with 16:1 and SCD activity in PL (P for nonlinear trend ≤0.02), with the lowest values observed in the mid tertile. Alcohol intake was linearly associated with 16:0 in PL (P<0.001) and with 16:1 (P<0.001) and SCD activity (P ≤0.005) in AT. Alcohol intake was non-linear associated (P≤0.02) with 16:1 and SCD activity in PL; with initially stable levels at lower intakes that rapidly increased at intakes above median. In the subsample, we found no associations between carbohydrate intake and SCD gene expression (P ≥0.08).Conclusion: In this Swedish population, we found no evidence to suggest that higher carbohydrate intake or sugar-rich foods or beverages is reflected by higher SFA in PL and AT.Instead, alcohol was consistently associated with higher SFA and MUFA.
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| 4. |
- Alsharari, Zayed, et al.
(författare)
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CarbohydrateIntake and Abdominal Obesity in Swedish Men
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- ABSTRACTBackground/Objectives: Associations between carbohydrates, particularly simple sugar and starch, and abdominal anthropometric measures appears controversial. However, the role of dietary carbohydrate intake in obesity and abdominal obesity has been debated, and few studies have been conducted in Nordic populations. We aim to examine the associations between carbohydrate quantity and quality, and anthropometric measures in Swedish men.Subjects/Methods: A cross-sectional investigation of 301 63-year-old men was conducted. Six men were excluded due to missing data on dietary intake and anthropometric measures, leaving 295 men for the present study. Healthy men were recruited from the Swedish 60YO cohort of men and women who had a health screening between 1997 to 1999. Carbohydrate and alcohol intake were assessed by a 7-days food record. The examination included anthropometric measurements (e. g., weight, BMI, WC, WHR, and SAD), fasting blood samples, and a comprehensive questionnaire. Spearman rank correlation and linear regression models were performed to assess relations between dietary intakes and anthropometric measures. Intakes of macronutrients were energy-adjusted according to the residual method. Logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% CI for abdominal obesity per intake tertiles.Results: Intakes of carbohydrate, monosaccharide, fibers, and fruits and vegetables correlated negatively with anthropometric measures of overall obesity (BMI) and AO (WC, WHR, and SAD). Total carbohydrate intake was significantly inversely associated with WHR and SAD. Likewise, monosaccharide intake was significantly associated with lower BMI, WC, WHR, and SAD. In contrast, alcohol intake was significantly associated with weight, BMI, WC, and SAD (Table 4). Alcohol intake was associated with AO (P for linear trend 0.002). Men in the highest tertile of alcohol intake were almost three times as likely to have AO compared to the men in the lowest tertile of intake, OR (95% CI): 2.93 (1.40-6.16). There was no evidence of non-linear association between the macronutrients and AO.Conclusion: In this Swedish population of older men, higher intakes of total carbohydrates and monosaccharides were associated a more favorable body fat distribution and lower abdominal adiposity. Men with higher alcohol intake were more likely to have AO as compared with a lower intake.
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| 5. |
- Alsharari, Zayed, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of a 21-item food questionnaire with a 7-day dietary registration andbiomarkers of fat intake in a Swedish cohort of 60-year-old adults.
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- AbstractPurpose. To evaluate a 21-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) in men participating in alarge cohort of Swedish 60-year-old adults (60YO).Methods. A self-reported FFQ (including 21 qualitative and semi-quantitative questions) was completed by >2000 men as part of a detailed baseline examination. A subsample of 301 men was included in a subsequent study in which detailed dietary habits were determined by a 7-day food record. Spearman rank correlations (r) and weighted Kappa (Kw) statistics were used to compare food intake categories in FFQ and 7-day food record. Furthermore, fatty acid (FA) composition in serum cholesteryl esters, assessed concurrent with the FFQ completion, was used to evaluate intakes of specific fat-rich foods from the FFQ.Results. We found good agreement between FFQ and food records for the reported intake ofalcohol (r=0.72, Kw=0.51), margarine (r=0.60, Kw=0.33), and fruit (r=0.49, Kw=0.31), reasonably good agreement for total fish (r=0.25, Kw=0.23), and egg (r=0.35, Kw=0.28), but poor agreement for other food groups such as bread, cheese, vegetables and cookies. In addition, serum proportions of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated FAs and pentadecanoic acid were significantly higher in men with greater intakes of fish and cheese, respectively.Conclusion. In this evaluation of a short FFQ against 7-d food records and serum biomarkers of fat intake we found that the FFQ reasonably well reflected the intake of certain food groups (e.g. alcohol, fish, and margarine), but performed less accurate for other food groups. Firm and overallconclusions on validity are confined by the time-lag between the test and the reference method.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Alsharari, Zayed, et al.
(författare)
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Serum Fatty Acids, Desaturase Activities and Abdominal Obesity - A Population-Based Study of 60-Year Old Men and Women
- 2017
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE. - 1932-6203. ; 12:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abdominal obesity is a key contributor of metabolic disease. Recent trials suggest that dietary fat quality affects abdominal fat content, where palmitic acid and linoleic acid influence abdominal obesity differently, while effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are less studied. Also, fatty acid desaturation may be altered in abdominal obesity. We aimed to investigate cross-sectional associations of serum fatty acids and desaturases with abdominal obesity prevalence in a population-based cohort study. Serum cholesteryl ester fatty acids composition was measured by gas chromatography in 60-year old men (n = 1883) and women (n = 2015). Cross-sectional associations of fatty acids with abdominal obesity prevalence and anthropometric measures (e.g., sagittal abdominal diameter) were evaluated in multivariable-adjusted logistic and linear regression models, respectively. Similar models were employed to investigate relations between desaturase activities (estimated by fatty acid ratios) and abdominal obesity. In logistic regression analyses, palmitic acid, stearoyl-CoA- desaturase and Delta 6-desaturase indices were associated with abdominal obesity; multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for highest versus lowest quartiles were 1.45 (1.19-1.76), 4.06 (3.27-5.05), and 3.07 (2.51-3.75), respectively. Linoleic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, docohexaenoic acid, and Delta 5-desaturase were inversely associated with abdominal obesity; multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals): 0.39 (0.32-0.48), 0.74 (0.61-0.89), 0.76 (0.62-0.93), and 0.40 (0.33-0.49), respectively. Eicosapentaenoic acid was not associated with abdominal obesity. Similar results were obtained from linear regression models evaluating associations with different anthropometric measures. Sex-specific and linear associations were mainly observed for n3-polyunsaturated fatty acids, while associations of the other exposures were generally non-linear and similar across sexes. In accordance with findings from short-term trials, abdominal obesity was more common among individuals with relatively high proportions of palmitic acid, whilst the contrary was true for linoleic acid. Further trials should examine the potential role of linoleic acid and its main dietary source, vegetable oils, in abdominal obesity prevention.
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| 8. |
- Andermo, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
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Effectiveness of a family intervention on health-related quality of life-a healthy generation, a controlled pilot trial.
- 2020
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Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : BioMed Central. - 1471-2458. ; 20:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Physical activity is associated with better health, but knowledge about health promoting interventions, including physical activity for families in disadvantaged areas and the impact on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is sparse. The aim of this study was to assess HRQOL in children and their parents after participation in the programme "A Healthy Generation".METHODS: The programme is delivered in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas in Sweden and offers physical activity and a healthy meal or fruit twice a week from August to May to families with children in grade 2. Children (n = 67), aged 8-9 years, and their parents (n = 90) participated in this controlled study conducted in four schools, two control and two intervention schools. HRQOL of children and adults was assessed at baseline and follow-up after the intervention with the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) 4.0 and the Gothenburg Quality of Life scale, respectively. Analyses of covariance (ANCOVAs), linear regression and Pearson's correlation were conducted.RESULTS: There were no significant differences between intervention and control in HRQOL among children or adults after the intervention. However, in a subgroup of children (n = 20) and adults (n = 29) with initial low HRQOL scores at baseline, there was a significant difference between the intervention group and control group after the intervention (children (total score): p = 0.02; adults (social domain) p = 0.04). Furthermore, within the intervention group, there was a significant relationship between level of participation in "A Healthy Generation" and the physical domain of HRQOL among girls (r = 0.44, p = 0.01), but not boys (r = - 0.07, p = 0.58).CONCLUSION: Participation in the programme "A Healthy Generation" did not show a significant intervention effect on HRQOL in general. However, the findings suggest that HRQOL may be increased for children and adults with low HRQOL in disadvantaged areas. This knowledge can contribute to the development of health promoting interventions in such areas, and to more equitable health.TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN ISRCTN11660938. Retrospectively registered 23 September 2019.
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| 9. |
- Andermo, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
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"We were all together"- families' experiences of the health-promoting programme - A Healthy Generation.
- 2020
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Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : BioMed Central. - 1471-2458. ; 20:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Healthy lifestyle habits, including physical activity (PA), are associated with a broad range of positive psychosocial and physical health benefits. However, there are challenges involved in reaching vulnerable groups in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas. There is a lack of research on family-based PA interventions, specifically considering psychosocial health. The purpose of this study was to explore how families experienced psychosocial aspects of health after participation in a family-based programme, A Healthy Generation.METHODS: A Healthy Generation is a health-promoting, family-based programme delivered in collaboration with local municipalities and sport associations in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas in Sweden. Families with children in grade 2 (8-9 years), including siblings, participate in health-promoting activities, including activity sessions, healthy meals, health information and parental support groups. Data was collected through interviews with parents and children (n = 23) from a controlled pilot trial of the programme. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed and analysed using a phenomenological hermeneutical method.RESULTS: Three themes and seven sub-themes emerged. The themes were: "A sense of belonging", "Awareness of one's role as a parent" and "Inspiration towards new and healthier behaviours". In terms of A sense of belonging, participation in the programme was the families own free zone, where they also had the opportunity of being together with other families in the programme. For participants that were isolated and lacked a social network, their participation helped them towards social participation. During the programme, parents created an Awareness of one's role as a parent, with new insights on how to act as a parent and they also negotiated differences between each other. Participation in the programme contributed to Inspiration towards new and healthier behaviours such as experience-based insights and healthy lifestyle changes.CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the importance of co-participation in family-based health-promoting programmes to enhance psychosocial health among families in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas. The results give new insights into participants' experiences of psychosocial aspects of health after participation in a family-based PA programme. This knowledge can contribute to the understanding of how to design health-promoting, family-based interventions to promote psychosocial health in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas.TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN ISRCTN11660938 . Retrospectively registered 23 September 2019.
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| 10. |
- Andersson, Per
(författare)
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Predicting Health Behaviour – Population-Based Studies of Knowledge and Behaviour Related to Cardiovascular Diseases
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The overall aim was to study factors that affect behaviour related to CVD (cardiovascular diseases). Study I tested whether gender, education and so-cioeconomic status correlated to knowledge about risk factors, and Study II studied knowledge and risk behaviour from a national perspective (Sweden versus Poland). Furthermore, Study III examined whether obese people dif-fered from people of normal weight regarding knowledge about risk factors, and Study IV examined whether risk behaviour is affected by personal ex-perience of illness and family history of CVD. The studies are population-based with cross-sectional design. Data were obtained by questionnaires and by screening results of risk factors related to CVD. The studies were carried out among 50-year old men and women in Västmanland, Sweden (n=1011) and in Wroclaw, Poland (n=1043).The results show that women are more knowledgeable than men about the risk factors for CVD, and that low education is associated with insufficient knowledge about CVD (Study I). The discrepancy between knowledge and behaviour was greater among the Poles than it was among the Swedes (Study II). Obese individuals did not differ significantly from individuals with a normal weight regarding knowledge of cardiovascular risk factors when education was controlled for (Study III). Individuals with a personal experience of illness may be more inclined to change smoking behaviour than the average person (Study IV).In conclusion, knowledge about risk factors for CVD varies with education, gender and, to a certain degree, nationality. However, knowledge does not only consist of the conditions of behaviour change. The results in the thesis substantiate theories suggesting that change in risk behaviour is a process over time. Predictors of risk behaviours on the individual level as well as national level are of importance, and needs to be considered in the every day practice of health care professionals.
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