1. |
- Ahola, Angela S., et al.
(författare)
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Justice Needs a Blindfold : Effects of Gender and Attractiveness on Prison Sentences and Attributions of Personal Characteristics in a Judicial Process
- 2009
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Ingår i: Psychiatry, Psychology and Law. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1321-8719 .- 1934-1687. ; 16:1, s. 90-100
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examined the effect of gender and facial characteristics of criminal offenders on attributions of crime-relevant traits. The stimulus pictures portrayed women and men of varying attractiveness. Participants were presented with pictures of these female or male faces along with accompanying crime accounts. The crime account described the individual in the picture as a person who had committed one of the following crimes: theft, fraud, drug crime, child molestation, child abuse, or homicide. After reading one case account the participants were asked to evaluate the credibility and other crime-relevant personality traits of the offender. Results showed that female defendants were rated more favourably than were male defendants. Gender worked to the advantage of the female perpetrator. There were also slight tendencies towards more lenient appraisal of the more attractive women.
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2. |
- Almdalal, T., et al.
(författare)
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Clinical T1a Renal Cell Carcinoma, Not Always a Harmless Disease-A National Register Study
- 2022
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Ingår i: European Urology Open Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 2666-1691 .- 2666-1683. ; 39, s. 22-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: T1a renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is typically considered a curable dis-ease, irrespective of the choice of local treatment modality.& nbsp;Objective: To identify factors associated with the risk of local and distant recur-rence, and overall survival (OS) in patients with primary nonmetastatic clinical T1a RCC.& nbsp;Design, setting, and participants: A population-based nationwide register study of all 1935 patients with cT1a RCC, diagnosed during 2005-2012, identified through The National Swedish Kidney Cancer Register, was conducted.& nbsp;Outcome measurements and statistical analysis: Outcome variables were recur-rence (local or distant) and OS. Possible explanatory variables included tumor size, RCC type, T stage, surgical technique, age, and gender. Associations with disease recurrence and OS were evaluated by multivariable regression and Cox multivari-ate analyses, respectively.& nbsp;& nbsp;Results and limitations: Among 1935 patients, 938 were treated with radical nephrectomy, 738 with partial nephrectomy, and 169 with ablative treatments, while 90 patients had no surgery. Seventy-eight (4%) patients were upstaged to pT3. Local or metastatic recurrences occurred in 145 (7.5%) patients, significantly more often after ablation (17.8%). The risk of recurrence was associated with tumor size, upstaging, and ablation. Larger tumor size, disease recurrence, and older age adversely affected OS, whereas partial nephrectomy and chromophobe RCC (chRCC) were associated with improved survival. Limitations include register design and a lack of comorbidity or performance status data.& nbsp;Conclusions: Upstaging and recurrence occurred, respectively, in 4.0% and 7.5% of patients with nonmetastatic RCCs <= 4 cm. Tumor size upstaging and ablation were associated with the risk for recurrence, while tumor size and recurrence were associated with decreased OS. Patients with chRCC and partial nephrectomy had prolonged OS in a real-world setting.& nbsp;Patient summary: We studied factors that may influence the risk of disease recurrence and overall survival, in a large nationwide patient cohort having non metastatic renal cell carcinoma < 4 cm. Tumor size, tumor type, and treatment were associated with the risk of recurrence and overall death. Partial nephrectomy prolonged overall survival. (C)2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of European Association of Urology.
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3. |
- Almdalal, Tarik, et al.
(författare)
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Predictive characteristics for disease recurrence and overall survival in non-metastatic clinical T1 renal cell carcinoma : results from the National Swedish Kidney Cancer Register
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of urology. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2168-1805 .- 2168-1813. ; 57:1-6, s. 67-74
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectivePatients with clinical T1 renal cell carcinoma (cT1RCC) have risks for recurrence and reduced overall survival despite being in the best prognostic group. This study aimed to evaluate the association of different treatments on disease recurrence and overall survival using clinical and pathological characteristics in a nation-wide cT1RCC cohort.Materials and methodsA total of 4,965 patients, registered in the National Swedish Kidney Cancer Register (NSKCR) between 2005 and 2014, with ≥ 5-years follow-up were identified: 3,040 males and 1,925 females, mean age 65 years. Times to recurrence and overall survival were analyzed with Kaplan-Meier curves, log-rank test, and Cox regression models.ResultsAge, TNM-stage, tumor size, RCC-type, and performed treatment were all associated with disease recurrence. Patients selected for ablative treatments had increased risk for recurrent disease: hazard ratio (HR) = 3.79 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.69–5.32]. In multivariate analyses, age, gender, tumor size, RCC-type, N-stage, recurrence and performed treatment were all independently associated with overall survival. Patients with chRCC had a 41% better overall survival (HR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.44–0.78; p < 0.001) than ccRCC. Patients treated with partial nephrectomy (PN) had an 18% better overall survival (HR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.71–0.95, p < 0.001) than patients treated with radical nephrectomy.ConclusionsAge, gender, T-stage, tumor size, RCC type and treatment modality are all associated with risk of recurrence. Furthermore, age, male gender, tumor size, N-stage and recurrence are associated with reduced overall survival. Patients with chRCC, compared with ccRCC and pRCC patients, and PN compared with RN treated patients, had an advantageous overall survival, indicating a possible survival advantage of nephron sparing treatment.
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4. |
- Andersson, C G, et al.
(författare)
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Islands of high-spin yrast isomers
- 1978
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Ingår i: Nuclear Physics, Section A. - 0375-9474. ; 309, s. 141-176
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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6. |
- Beckman, Linda, Docent, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Children and youth's perceptions of mental health-a scoping review of qualitative studies
- 2023
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Ingår i: BMC Psychiatry. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1471-244X. ; 23:1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundRecent research indicates that understanding how children and youth perceive mental health, how it is manifests, and where the line between mental health issues and everyday challenges should be drawn, is complex and varied. Consequently, it is important to investigate how children and youth perceive and communicate about mental health. With this in mind, our goal is to synthesize the literature on how children and youth (ages 10-25) perceive and conceptualize mental health.MethodsWe conducted a preliminary search to identify the keywords, employing a search strategy across electronic databases including Medline, Scopus, CINAHL, PsychInfo, Sociological abstracts and Google Scholar. The search encompassed the period from September 20, 2021, to September 30, 2021. This effort yielded 11 eligible studies. Our scoping review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA-ScR Checklist.ResultsAs various aspects of uncertainty in understanding of mental health have emerged, the results indicate the importance of establishing a shared language concerning mental health. This is essential for clarifying the distinctions between everyday challenges and issues that require treatment.ConclusionWe require a language that can direct children, parents, school personnel and professionals toward appropriate support and aid in formulating health interventions. Additionally, it holds significance to promote an understanding of the positive aspects of mental health. This emphasis should extend to the competence development of school personnel, enabling them to integrate insights about mental well-being into routine interactions with young individuals. This approach could empower children and youth to acquire the understanding that mental health is not a static condition but rather something that can be enhanced or, at the very least, maintained.
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7. |
- Berggren, Niclas, et al.
(författare)
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Does social trust speed up reforms? : The case of central-bank independence
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Institutional Economics. - : Cambridge University Press. - 1744-1374 .- 1744-1382. ; 12:2, s. 395-415
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many countries have undertaken central-bank independence reforms, but the years of implementation differ. What explains such differences in timing? This is of interest more broadly, as it sheds light on factors that matter for the speed at which economic reforms come about. We study a rich set of potential determinants, both economic and political, but put special focus on a cultural factor, i.e. social trust. We find empirical support for an inverse u-shape: Countries with low and high social trust implemented their reforms earlier than countries with intermediate levels. We make use of two factors to explain this pattern: the need to undertake reform (which is more urgent in countries with low social trust) and the ability to undertake reform (which is greater in countries with high social trust). Overall, our findings imply that culture matters for institutional change.
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8. |
- Borkmann, Simon, et al.
(författare)
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Frequency and radiological characteristics of previously overlooked renal cell carcinoma
- 2019
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Ingår i: Acta Radiologica. - : SAGE Publications. - 0284-1851 .- 1600-0455. ; 60:10, s. 1348-1359
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: A majority of renal tumors are incidentally detected and may therefore have been previously radiologically overlooked. Purpose: To investigate the frequency of previously radiologically overlooked renal cell carcinoma (RCC), identify tumor characteristics and imaging factors that contribute to misdiagnoses and to investigate its consequences. Material and Methods: All RCCs identified in a regional cancer registry over one year were retrieved (n = 87). All preceding radiological examinations were re-analyzed for overlooked RCCs. Results: RCCs had been previously overlooked in 18 (21%) of the 87 patients (on 26 examinations: computed tomography [CT] = 16, magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] = 5, urography = 3, ultrasound = 2) or 18 (43%) of the 42 patients who had earlier radiological examinations. Overlooked RCCs were smaller than non-overlooked RCCs (median = 23 mm; range = 10–45 mm vs. 65 mm; range = 13–207 mm) (P < 0.0001), more frequently located in upper pole, 50% vs. 26% (P = 0.0836), and more frequently homogenous, 50% vs. 9% (P = 0.0003). There was no difference in exophytic growth (60% vs. 60%) (P = 0.74). Overlooked RCCs displayed poorer visualization on CT/MRI in all image planes (axial, coronal, sagittal) compared to non-overlooked tumors (P = 0.004, P = 0.001, P < 0.0001, respectively). Overlooked tumors had interval size progression of median 12 mm (range = 0–65 mm) to clinical detection (median = 1033 days). Conclusions: RCCs are frequently overlooked at imaging in the clinical routine. Overlooked tumors were smaller and displayed poorer visualization in all image planes compared to non-overlooked tumors. Substantial delay to clinical diagnosis and variable size progression was noted. Careful attention to the kidneys in multiple image planes seems warranted, irrespective of clinical indication. © The Foundation Acta Radiologica 2019.
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10. |
- Daunfeldt, Sven-Olov, et al.
(författare)
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Intra-household Allocation of Time to Household Production Activities : Evidence from Swedish Household Data
- 2007
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Ingår i: Labour. - : Wiley. - 1121-7081 .- 1467-9914. ; 21:2, s. 189-207
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this paper is to study the intra-household allocation of time to different household production activities using Swedish cross-sectional household data. The Tobit model is rejected in favor of the Cragg model, suggesting that an empirical model has to take into consideration that allocation of time within the household is determined by two separate processes. Moreover, the results indicate that valuable information concerning the intra-household allocation of time may be missing when household production is defined as the sum of different household activities, but there is no indication that statistically significant effects are wiped out in an aggregated analysis.
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