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- Kimmel, L. B., et al.
(författare)
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Nontraditionally retted flax for dry cotton blend spinning
- 2001
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Ingår i: Textile research journal. - : SAGE Publications. - 0040-5175 .- 1746-7748. ; 71:5, s. 375-380
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Extracting flax fibers from the stems of Linum usitatissimum plants has traditionally been a costly, labor-intensive process, largely restricted to Europe and Asia. The naturally long, strong fibers are typically processed on wet spinning machines that are not available in the United States. However, the resurgent popularity of flax has promoted an interest in devising more economical methods of producing and processing the fibers domestically. This preliminary study investigates the use of flax fibers extracted by mechanical, chemical, and enzymatic retting as well as traditional (dew) retting methods. The experimental fibers show promise for spinning on common cotton machinery in blends with cotton. The research has produced a series of medium-count, experimental apparel-grade yarns with an attractive appearance and acceptable hand. With refinement, chemical or enzyme retting can perhaps become an ecologically sound and cost effective method of producing flax fibers.
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| 4. |
- Bonagas, Nadilly, et al.
(författare)
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Pharmacological targeting of MTHFD2 suppresses acute myeloid leukemia by inducing thymidine depletion and replication stress
- 2022
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Ingår i: NATURE CANCER. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2662-1347. ; 3:2, s. 156-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The folate metabolism enzyme MTHFD2 (methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase/cyclohydrolase) is consistently overexpressed in cancer but its roles are not fully characterized, and current candidate inhibitors have limited potency for clinical development. In the present study, we demonstrate a role for MTHFD2 in DNA replication and genomic stability in cancer cells, and perform a drug screen to identify potent and selective nanomolar MTHFD2 inhibitors; protein cocrystal structures demonstrated binding to the active site of MTHFD2 and target engagement. MTHFD2 inhibitors reduced replication fork speed and induced replication stress followed by S-phase arrest and apoptosis of acute myeloid leukemia cells in vitro and in vivo, with a therapeutic window spanning four orders of magnitude compared with nontumorigenic cells. Mechanistically, MTHFD2 inhibitors prevented thymidine production leading to misincorporation of uracil into DNA and replication stress. Overall, these results demonstrate a functional link between MTHFD2-dependent cancer metabolism and replication stress that can be exploited therapeutically with this new class of inhibitors. Helleday and colleagues describe a nanomolar MTHFD2 inhibitor that causes replication stress and DNA damage accumulation in cancer cells via thymidine depletion, demonstrating a potential therapeutic strategy in AML tumors in vivo.
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| 5. |
- Gamble, G. R., et al.
(författare)
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Phenolic constituents in flax bast tissue and inhibition of cellulase and pectinase
- 2000
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Ingår i: Biotechnology letters. - 0141-5492 .- 1573-6776. ; 22:9, s. 741-746
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Flax bast tissue was sequentially extracted using hexane, propanol, methanol and water as solvents and extracts were analyzed using reverse phase HPLC and C-13 NMR. Results indicated a large variety of aromatic constituents including flavonoids and hydroxy-methoxy cinnamic acids linked to oligosaccharides and hydroxy acids through glycosidic linkages. The extracts inhibited cellulase and pectinase activities and can thus influence retting.
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- Henriksson, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Multiple loop self-triggered model predictive control for network scheduling and control
- 2015
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology. - : IEEE Press. - 1063-6536 .- 1558-0865. ; 23:6, s. 2167-2181
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present an algorithm for controlling and scheduling multiple linear time-invariant processes on a shared bandwidth-limited communication network using adaptive sampling intervals. The controller is centralized and not only computes at every sampling instant the new control command for a process but also decides the time interval to wait until taking the next sample.The approach relies on model predictive control ideas, where the cost function penalizes the state and control effort as well as the time interval until the next sample is taken. The latter is introduced to generate an adaptive sampling scheme for the overall system such that the sampling time increases as the norm of the system state goes to zero. This paper presents a method for synthesizing such a predictive controller and gives explicit sufficient conditions for when it is stabilizing. Further explicit conditions are given that guarantee conflict free transmissions on the network. It is shown that the optimization problem may be solved offline and that the controller can be implemented as a lookup table of state feedback gains. The simulation studies which compare the proposed algorithm to periodic sampling illustrate potential performance gains.
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| 7. |
- Henriksson, H., et al.
(författare)
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N-linked glycosylation of native and recombinant cauliflower xyloglucan endotransglycosylase 16A
- 2003
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Ingår i: Biochemical Journal. - : Portland Press Ltd.. - 0264-6021 .- 1470-8728. ; 375, s. 61-73
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The gene encoding a XET (xyloglucan endotransglycosylase) from cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) florets has been cloned and sequenced. Sequence analysis indicated a high degree of similarity to other XET enzymes belonging to glycosyl hydrolase family 16 (GH16). In addition to the conserved GH16 catalytic sequence motif EIDFE, there exists one potential N-linked glycosylation site. which is also highly conserved in XET enzymes from this family. Purification of the corresponding protein from extracts of cauliflower florets allowed the fractionation of a single, pure glycoform. which was analysed by MS techniques. Accurate protein mass determination following the enzymic deglycosylation of this glycoform indicated the presence of a high-mannose-type glycan of the general structure GlcNAc(2)Man(6). LC/MS and MS/MS (tandem MS) analysis provided supporting evidence for this structure and confirmed that the glycosylation site (underlined) was situated close to the predicted catalytic residues in the conserved sequence YLSSTNNEHDEIDFEFLGNRTGQPVILQTNVFTGGK. Heterologous expression in Pichia pastoris produced a range of protein glycoforms, which were, on average, more highly mannosylated than the purified native enzyme. This difference in glycosylation did not influence the apparent enzymic activity of the enzyme significantly. However, the removal of high-mannose glycosylation in recombinant cauliflower XET by endoglycosidase H, quantified by electrospray-ionization MS, caused a 40 % decrease in the transglycosylation activity of the enzyme. No hydrolytic activity was detected in native or heterologously expressed BobXET16A, even when almost completely deglycosylated.
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- Juslin, N., et al.
(författare)
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Analytical interatomic potential for modeling nonequilibrium processes in the W-C-H system
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-8979 .- 1089-7550. ; 98:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A reactive interatomic potential based on an analytical bond-order scheme is developed for the ternary system W-C-H. The model combines Brenner's hydrocarbon potential with parameter sets for W-W, W-C, and W-H interactions and is adjusted to materials properties of reference structures with different local atomic coordinations including tungsten carbide, W-H molecules, as well as H dissolved in bulk W. The potential has been tested in various scenarios, such as surface, defect, and melting properties, none of which were considered in the fitting. The intended area of application is simulations of hydrogen and hydrocarbon interactions with tungsten, which have a crucial role in fusion reactor plasma-wall interactions. Furthermore, this study shows that the angular-dependent bond-order scheme can be extended to second nearest-neighbor interactions, which are relevant in body-centered-cubic metals. Moreover, it provides a possibly general route for modeling metal carbides.
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| 9. |
- Scaletti, Emma Rose, et al.
(författare)
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The First Structure of Human MTHFD2L and Its Implications for the Development of Isoform-Selective Inhibitors
- 2022
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Ingår i: ChemMedChem. - : Wiley. - 1860-7179 .- 1860-7187. ; 17:18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 2 (MTHFD2) is a mitochondrial 1-carbon metabolism enzyme, which is an attractive anticancer drug target as it is highly upregulated in cancer but is not expressed in healthy adult cells. Selective MTHFD2 inhibitors could therefore offer reduced side-effects during treatment, which are common with antifolate drugs that target other 1C-metabolism enzymes. This task is challenging however, as MTHFD2 shares high sequence identity with the constitutively expressed isozymes cytosolic MTHFD1 and mitochondrial MTHFD2L. In fact, one of the most potent MTHFD2 inhibitors reported to date, TH7299, is actually more active against MTHFD1 and MTHFD2L. While structures of MTHFD2 and MTHFD1 exist, no MTHFD2L structures are available. We determined the first structure of MTHFD2L and its complex with TH7299, which reveals the structural basis for its highly potent MTHFD2L inhibition. Detailed analysis of the MTHFD2L structure presented here clearly highlights the challenges associated with developing truly isoform-selective MTHFD2 inhibitors.
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| 10. |
- Akin, Danny E., et al.
(författare)
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Progress in enzyme-retting of flax
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Natural Fibers. - 1544-0478. ; 1:1, s. 21-47
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- New methods for retting flax are sought to overcome problems in the current method of dew-retting of flax. Published data are reviewed and new data presented on the development and testing of a method to ret flax using pectinase-rich enzyme mixtures plus chelators based on cost and fiber yield and properties. In spray enzyme retting (SER), flax stems are crimped to physically disrupt the plant's protective barrier and then sprayed until soaked with, or briefly immersed in, an enzyme/ chelator formulation. Flax is then incubated at temperatures optimal for enzyme activity, washed, and dried. Pilot scale tests, conducted with 10 kg samples of flax retted with a series of formulations, showed that this method effectively retted flax stems from a variety of sources, including fiber flax, mature fiber flax, and linseed straw. Fiber yield, strength, and fineness were significantly influenced by variations in enzyme-chelator amounts. Cellulases in pectinase mixtures appeared to preferentially attack dislocations in fibers and fiber bundles resulting in loss of fiber strength. Polygalacturonases alone effectively separated fiber from non-fiber components. The SER method proved to be an effective framework for further tests on enzyme-chelator formulations that now must be integrated with physical processing to optimize the extraction of flax fibers based on cost and fiber yield and properties.
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