| 1. |
- Aune, S, et al.
(författare)
-
Improvement in the hospital organisation of CPR training and outcome after cardiac arrest in Sweden during a 10-year period
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Resuscitation. - : Elsevier Ireland Ltd. - 0300-9572 .- 1873-1570. ; 82:4, s. 431-435
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim To describe (a) changes in the organisation of training in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and the treatment of cardiac arrest in hospital in Sweden and (b) the clinical achievement, i.e. survival and cerebral function, among survivors after in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) in Sweden. Methods Aspects of CPR training among health care providers (HCPs) and treatment of IHCA in Sweden were evaluated in 3 national surveys (1999, 2003 and 2008). Patients with IHCA are recorded in a National Register covering two thirds of Swedish hospitals. Results The proportion of hospitals with a CPR coordinator increased from 45% in 1999 to 93% in 2008. The majority of co-ordinators are nurses. The proportions of hospitals with local guidelines for acceptable delays from cardiac arrest to the start of CPR and defibrillation increased from 48% in 1999 to 88% in 2008. The proportion of hospitals using local defibrillation outside intensive care units prior to arrival of rescue team increased from 55% in 1999 to 86% in 2008. During the past 4 years in Sweden, survival to hospital discharge has been 29%. Among survivors, 93% have a cerebral performance category (CPC) score of I or II, indicating acceptable cerebral function. Conclusion During the last 10 years, there was a marked improvement in CPR training and treatment of IHCA in Sweden. During the past 4 years, survival after IHCA is high and the majority of survivors have acceptable cerebral function.
|
|
| 2. |
- Axelsson, Christer, et al.
(författare)
-
Outcome after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest witnessed by EMS : changes over time and factors of importance for outcome in Sweden.
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Resuscitation. - : Elsevier Ireland Ltd. - 0300-9572 .- 1873-1570. ; 83:10, s. 1253-1258
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Among patients who survive after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), a large proportion are recruited from cases witnessed by the Emergency Medical Service (EMS), since the conditions for success are most optimal in this subset. Aim To evaluate outcome after EMS-witnessed OHCA in a 20-year perspective in Sweden, with the emphasis on changes over time and factors of importance. Methods All patients included in the Swedish Cardiac Arrest Register from 1990 to 2009 were included. Results There were 48,349 patients and 13.5% of them were EMS witnessed. There was a successive increase in EMS-witnessed OHCA from 8.5% in 1992 to 16.9% in 2009 (p for trend < 0.0001). Among EMS-witnessed OHCA, the survival to one month increased from 13.9% in 1992 to 21.8% in 2009 (p for trend < 0.0001). Among EMS-witnessed OHCA, 51% were found in ventricular fibrillation, which was higher than in bystander-witnessed OHCA, despite a lower proportion with a presumed cardiac aetiology in the EMS-witnessed group. Among EMS-witnessed OHCA overall, 16.0% survived to one month, which was significantly higher than among bystander-witnessed OHCA. Independent predictors of a favourable outcome were: (1) initial rhythm ventricular fibrillation; (2) cardiac aetiology; (3) OHCA outside home and (4) decreasing age. Conclusion In Sweden, in a 20-year perspective, there was a successive increase in the proportion of EMS-witnessed OHCA. Among these patients, survival to one month increased over time. EMS-witnessed OHCA had a higher survival than bystander-witnessed OHCA. Independent predictors of an increased chance of survival were initial rhythm, aetiology, place and age.
|
|
| 3. |
- Engdahl, J, et al.
(författare)
-
Can we define patients with no and those with some chance of survival when found in asystole out of hospital?
- 2000
-
Ingår i: American Journal of Cardiology. - : Excerpta Medica, Inc.. - 0002-9149 .- 1879-1913. ; 86:6, s. 610-614
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We describe the epidemiology, prognosis, and circumstances at resuscitation among a consecutive population of patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) with asystole as the arrhythmia first recorded by the Emergency Medical Service (EMS), and identify factors associated with survival. We included all patients in the municipality of Göteborg, regardless of age and etiology, who experienced an OHCA between 1981 and 1997. There were a total of 4,662 cardiac arrests attended by the EMS during the study period. Of these, 1,635 (35%) were judged as having asystole as the first-recorded arrhythmia: 156 of these patients (10%) were admitted alive to hospital, and 32 (2%) were discharged alive. Survivors were younger (median age 58 vs 68 years) and had a witnessed cardiac arrest more often than nonsurvivors (78% vs 50%). Survivors also had shorter intervals from collapse to arrival of ambulance (3.5 vs 6 minutes) and the mobile coronary care unit (MCCU) (5 vs 10 min), and they received atropine less often on scene. There were also a greater proportion of survivors with noncardiac etiologies of cardiac arrest (48% vs 27%). Survivors to discharge also displayed higher degrees of consciousness on arrival to the emergency department in comparison to nonsurvivors. Multivariate analysis among all patients with asystole indicated age (p = 0.01) and witnessed arrest (p = 0.03) as independent predictors of an increased chance of survival. Multivariate analysis among witnessed arrests indicated short time to arrival of the MCCU (p < 0.001) and no treatment with atropine (p = 0.05) as independent predictors of survival. Fifty-five percent of patients discharged alive had none or small neurologic deficits (cerebral performance categories 1 or 2). No patients > 70 years old with unwitnessed arrests (n = 211) survived to discharge.
|
|
| 4. |
- Engdahl, J, et al.
(författare)
-
Characteristics and outcome among patients suffering from out of hospital cardiac arrest of non-cardiac aetiology.
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Resuscitation. - : Elsevier Ireland Ltd. - 0300-9572 .- 1873-1570. ; 57:1, s. 33-41
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To describe the epidemiology for out of hospital cardiac arrest of a non-cardiac aetiology. PATIENTS: All patients suffering from out of hospital cardiac arrest in whom resuscitation efforts were attempted in the community of Göteborg between 1981 and 2000. METHODS: Between October 1, 1980 and October 1, 2000, all consecutive cases of cardiac arrest in which the emergency medical service (EMS) system responded and attempted resuscitation were reported and followed up to discharge from hospital. RESULTS: In all, 5415 patients participated in the evaluation. Among them 1360 arrests (25%) were judged to be of a non-cardiac aetiology. Among these 24% were caused by a surgical cause or accident, 20% by obstructive pulmonary disease, 13% by drug abuse and the remaining 43% by 'another cause'. Of the patients with out of hospital cardiac arrest of a non-cardiac aetiology 4.0% survived to discharge from hospital as compared with 10.1% of the patients with a cardiac aetiology (P<0.0001). In the various subgroups survival was highest in those with drug abuse (6.8%) and lowest in those with 'another cause' (4.2%). Cerebral performance categories (CPC) score at hospital discharge tended to be worse among survivors from an arrest of non-cardiac than cardiac aetiology. Patients with a cardiac arrest of a non-cardiac aetiology differed from the remaining patients by being younger, including more women, less frequently having a witnessed arrest and less frequently being found in ventricular fibrillation/tachycardia. When simultaneously considering age, sex, witnessed status, presence of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and initial arrhythmia, the aetiology (non-cardiac vs. cardiac aetiology) was not an independent predictor of survival. CONCLUSION: Among patients with out of hospital cardiac arrest in whom resuscitation was attempted 25% were judged to be of a non-cardiac aetiology. These patients had a lower survival than patients with a cardiac arrest of cardiac aetiology. However, this was mainly explained by a lower occurrence of ventricular fibrillation and witnessed cardiac arrest.
|
|
| 5. |
- Engdahl, J, et al.
(författare)
-
Factors affecting short and long term prognosis among 1069 patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and pulseless electrical activity
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Resuscitation. - : Elsevier Ireland Ltd. - 0300-9572 .- 1873-1570. ; 51:1, s. 17-25
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: To describe the epidemiology, resuscitation factors and prognosis among a consecutive population of patients suffering from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) where pulseless electrical activity (PEA) was the first arrhythmia recorded on emergency medical services (EMS) arrival. Methods: Analysis of data collected prospectively on all patients regardless of age succumbing to OHCA during 1980–1997 in the community of Gothenburg where EMS initiated resuscitative measures. Results: 4662 patients with OHCA were attended by the EMS during the study period. Of these, 1069 (23%) were judged as having PEA as the first recorded arrhythmia; 158 (15%) of these were admitted alive to hospital and 26 (2.4%) were discharged alive. Survivors to discharge had a significantly larger share of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) (28 vs. 8%, P=0.008), significantly higher levels of consciousness (8% awake vs. 0%, P<0.001) and higher median systolic blood pressure (145 vs. 106 mmHg, P<0.001) on arrival at hospital. No patient with unwitnessed cardiac arrest and PEA over 80 years old survived. Conclusion: Survival among patients suffering from OHCA and PEA is poor, especially among the elderly unwitnessed cases and those who do not receive bystander CPR. The latter seems to be of utmost importance among these patients.
|
|
| 6. |
- Engdahl, J, et al.
(författare)
-
Is hospital care of major importance for outcome after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest? Experience acquired from patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest resuscitated by the same Emergency Medical Service and admitted to one of two hospitals over a 16-year period in the municipality of Göteborg
- 2000
-
Ingår i: Resuscitation. - : Elsevier Ireland Ltd. - 0300-9572 .- 1873-1570. ; 43:3, s. 201-211
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To describe patient characteristics, hospital investigations and interventions and early mortality among patients being hospitalized after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in two hospitals. SETTING: Municipality of Göteborg, Sweden. PATIENTS: All patients suffering an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest who were successfully resuscitated and admitted to hospital between 1 October 1980 and 31 December 1996. All patients were resuscitated by the same Emergency Medical Service and admitted alive to one of the two city hospitals in Göteborg. RESULTS: Of 579 patients admitted to Sahlgrenska Hospital, 253 (44%) were discharged alive and of 459 patients admitted to Ostra Hospital, 152 (33%) were discharged alive (P < 0.001). More patients in Sahlgrenska Hospital were still receiving cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) treatment (P = 0.03), but patients in Ostra had a lower systolic blood pressure and higher heart rate on admission. A larger percentage of patients admitted to Sahlgrenska Hospital underwent coronary angiography (P < 0.001), electrophysiological testing (P < 0.001), Holter recording (P < 0.001), echocardiography (P = 0.004), percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA, P = 0.009), implantation of automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator (AICD, P = 0.03) and exercise stress tests (P = 0.003). Inhabitants in the catchment area of Ostra Hospital had a less favourable socio-economic profile. CONCLUSION: Survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest may be affected by the course of hospital management. Other variables that might influence survival are socio-economic factors and cardiorespiratory status on admission to hospital. Further investigation is called for as more patients are being hospitalised alive after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.
|
|
| 7. |
- Engdahl, J, et al.
(författare)
-
Long-term mortality among patients discharged alive after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest does not differ markedly compared with that of myocardial infarct patients without out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
- 2001
-
Ingår i: European journal of emergency medicine. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Ltd.. - 0969-9546 .- 1473-5695. ; 8:4, s. 253-261
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of our research was to study the long-term prognosis among patients discharged alive after an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in comparison with patients discharged alive after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) without OHCA, and also to study the long-term influence of AMI in connection with OHCA. Our research was conducted in the municipality of Göteborg. We retrospectively studied patients discharged from hospital 1990-91 after an OHCA of cardiac aetiology and patients discharged after an AMI without prehospital cardiac arrest. During 1980-98, we studied all patients discharged alive after OHCA of cardiac aetiology, divided into groups of precipitating AMI and no AMI. The study includes 48 patients discharged alive after an OHCA 1990-91, 30 (62%) of whom had a simultaneous AMI and 1425 patients with an AMI without OHCA. Compared with AMI survivors, survivors of an OHCA of cardiac origin were younger but had more frequently a history of congestive heart failure. Their mortality rate during the subsequent 5 years was 46%, compared with 40% among survivors of an AMI (NS). The 5-year mortality rate among patients with an OHCA precipitated by an AMI was 40%. When correcting for differences at baseline, the adjusted risk ratio for death among patients with an OHCA of cardiac origin was 1.2 (95% CI 0.8-1.8) compared with patients with an uncomplicated AMI. During 1980-98, 215 patients were judged as having an OHCA precipitated by an AMI and 115 patients had an OHCA of cardiac aetiology but no simultaneous AMI. Five-year mortality was 54% and 50% respectively (NS). It is concluded that survivors of an OHCA of cardiac origin differed from survivors of an uncomplicated AMI in that they were younger and more frequently had a history of cardiovascular disease. Their 5-year mortality after discharge was similar to that of survivors of an AMI without a prehospital cardiac arrest, even after adjusting for differences at baseline.
|
|
| 8. |
- Engdahl, J, et al.
(författare)
-
The epidemiology of cardiac arrest in children and young adults.
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Resuscitation. - : Elsevier Ireland Ltd. - 0300-9572 .- 1873-1570. ; 58:2, s. 131-138
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To describe the epidemiology of children and young adults suffering from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. PATIENTS: All patients suffering from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in whom, resuscitation efforts were attempted in the community of Göteborg between 1980 and 2000. METHODS: Between 31 October 1980 and 31 October 2000, all consecutive cases of cardiac arrest in which the emergency medical service (EMS) system responded and attempted resuscitation were reported and followed-up to discharge from hospital. RESULTS: Among 5505 cardiac arrests information on age was available in 5290 cases (96%). Of these 5290 cases 98 (2%) were children (age 0-17 years), 197 (4%) were young adults (age 18-35 years) and the remaining 4995 (94%) were adults (age >35 years). Children and young adults differed from adults by suffering from a witnessed arrest less frequently, being found by the ambulance crew in ventricular fibrillation/tachycardia less frequently and being judged as having an underlying cardiac aetiology less frequently. Of the children only 5% were discharged from hospital alive compared with 8% for young adults and 9% for adults. Among survivors the cerebral performance categories (CPC) score at discharge tended to differ with 38% of young adults registering a CPC score of 1 (no neurological deficit) compared with 52% among adults. CONCLUSION: Children and young adults suffering from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest differed from adults in terms of aetiology and observed initial arrhythmia. Children had a particularly bad outcome whereas young adults had a similar outcome as adults.
|
|
| 9. |
- Engdahl, J, et al.
(författare)
-
The epidemiology of out-of-hospital "sudden" cardiac arrest
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Resuscitation. - : Elsevier Ireland Ltd. - 0300-9572 .- 1873-1570. ; 52:3, s. 235-245
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is difficult to assemble data from an previous termout-of-hospital cardiac arrestnext term since there is often lack of objective information. The true incidence of previous termsudden cardiacnext term death previous termout-of-hospitalnext term is not known since far from all of these patients are attended by emergency medical services. The incidence of previous termout-of-hospital cardiac arrestnext term increases with age and is more common among men. Among patients who die, the probability of having a fatal event outside previous termhospitalnext term decreases with age; i. e. younger patients tend to more often die unexpectedly and outside previous termhospital.next term Among the different initial arrhythmias, ventricular fibrillation is the most common among patients with previous termcardiacnext term aetiology. The true distribution of initial arrhythmias is not known since several minutes most often elapse between collapse and rhythm assessment. Most patients with previous termout-of-hospital cardiac arrestnext term have a previous termcardiacnext term aetiology. previous termOut-of-hospital cardiac arrestsnext term most frequently occur in the patient's home, but the prognosis is shown to be better when they occur in a public place. Witnessed previous termarrest,next term ventricular fibrillation as initial arrhythmia and cardiopulmonary resuscitation are important predictors for immediate survival. In the long-term perspective, previous termcardiac arrestnext term in connection with acute myocardial infarction, high left ventricular ejection fraction, moderate age, absence of other heart failure signs and no history of myocardial infarction promotes better prognosis. Still there is much to learn about time trends, the influence of patient characteristics, comorbidity and previous termhospitalnext term treatment among patients with prehospital previous termcardiac arrest.
|
|
| 10. |
- Engdahl, J, et al.
(författare)
-
Time trends in long-term mortality after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in 1980-1998 and predictors for death
- 2003
-
Ingår i: American Heart Journal. - : Mosby, Inc.. - 0002-8703 .- 1097-6744. ; 145:5, s. 826-833
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract Background We studied time trends in long-term survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) for patient characteristics and described predictors for death after discharge. Because long-term prognosis among patients with coronary heart disease has improved in the last decades, we hypothesized that the prognosis after OHCA would improve with time. Methods We analyzed data that were prospectively collected from all patients discharged from the hospital after OHCA in the community of Göteborg, Sweden, from 1980 to 1998 and divided the data into 2 time periods, 1980 to 1991 and 1991 to1998, with an equal number of patients. Results A total of 430 patients were included in the survey. Age, sex proportions, cardiovascular comorbidity, resuscitation factors, and inhospital complications did not change with time. A diagnosis of a precipitating myocardial infarction was more common during period 1 (66% vs 54%). The prescription of aspirin (22% vs 52%), angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (7% vs 29%), anticoagulants (13% vs 27%), and lipid-lowering agents (0% vs 6%) at discharge increased during period 2. Long-term survival did not improve with time; the 5-year mortality rates were 53% in period 1 and 52% in period 2. Independent predictors of an increased risk of death included age (risk ratio [RR] 1.06, 95% CI 1.05–1.08), history of myocardial infarction (RR 2.02, 95% CI 1.51–2.72), history of smoking (RR 1.77, 95% CI 1.29–2.44), and worse cerebral performance at discharge (RR 1.71, 95% CI 1.44–2.02). The prescription of β-blockers at discharge was independently predictive of decreased risk of death (RR 0.63, 95% CI 0.46–0.85). Conclusion The long-term survival rate after OHCA did not change. Baseline characteristics remained generally unchanged, but the drugs prescribed at discharge changed in several aspects. Age, a history of myocardial infarction, a history of smoking, cerebral performance category at discharge, and the prescription of β-blockers were independent predictors of outcome.
|
|
