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Sökning: WFRF:(Hill J. C.) > Annan publikation

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1.
  • Khalili, Bita, et al. (författare)
  • Associations between common genetic variants and income provide insights about the socioeconomic health gradient
  • 2024
  • Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on income among individuals of European descent and leveraged the results to investigate the socio-economic health gradient (N=668,288). We found 162 genomic loci associated with a common genetic factor underlying various income measures, all with small effect sizes. Our GWAS-derived polygenic index captures 1 - 4% of income variance, with only one-fourth attributed to direct genetic effects. A phenome-wide association study using this polygenic index showed reduced risks for a broad spectrum of diseases, including hypertension, obesity, type 2 diabetes, coronary atherosclerosis, depression, asthma, and back pain. The income factor showed a substantial genetic correlation (0.92, s.e. = .006) with educational attainment (EA). Accounting for EA's genetic overlap with income revealed that the remaining genetic signal for higher income related to better mental health but reduced physical health benefits and increased participation in risky behaviours such as drinking and smoking.
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2.
  • Törös, Bianca, et al. (författare)
  • Whole-genome characterization of emergent invasive Neisseria meningitidis serogroup Y in Sweden from the two recent decades
  • Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Background and Objective: Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) caused by Neisseria meningitidis serogroup Y has increased in Europe, especially in Scandinavia. In Sweden, serogroup Y is the dominating serogroup and in 2012 the serogroup Y disease incidence was 0.46/100,000 population. We have previously shown that a strain type belonging to ST-23 is responsible for the emergence of this serogroup in Sweden. The objective of this study was to compare the meningococcal population structure and phylogeography of Swedish invasive serogroup Y strains to other countries with different disease incidence.Materials and Methods: Whole-genome sequencing was performed on invasive serogroup Y isolates from 1995 to 2012 in Sweden (n=186). A comparison of serogroup Y isolates was performed using a collection of isolates from England, Wales and Northern Ireland (n=143), which has relatively low incidence, and two isolates from the USA, where serogroup Y remains one of the major causes of IMD.Results: The meningococcal population structures were similar in the investigated regions; however, different strain types were dominating in each geographic region. A number of genes, known or hypothesized to have an impact on meningococcal virulence, were shown to be associated with different strain types and subtypes.Conclusions: The emergence of serogroup Y is most likely not associated with a previously described strain type that has been introduced into the Swedish meningococcal population. The reasons for the disease increase are most probably multifactorial; both increased virulence and host adaptive immunity influence infection and transmission. Future genomewide association studies could reveal additional genes associated with serogroup Y meningococcal disease.
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