| 1. |
- Chotteau, Veronique, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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Tuning of dissolved oxygen and pH PID control parameters in large scale bioreactor by lag control
- 2008
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Cell Culture Engineering XI Conference.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Achieving satisfying DO and pH controllers are often challenges for pilot and large scale mammalian cultivation. Unsatisfactory DO or pH controls can imply fatal effects for the culture. Large scale bioreactors have long response times due to long mixing times compared to small scale systems where control tuning of DO and pH is not so challenging. A method was developed to tune the DO controller PID parameters of a 50 L bioreactor (wv) controlled by a continuous oxygen flow of microbubbles. DO control by continuous flow of pure oxygen microbubbles can oscillate quite widely showing instable behaviour. The method, called lag control here, was based on a lead lag control design by Bode analysis where the prediction part, i.e. ‘lead’ part was omitted. A comparison of this method with a pole placement approach showed the advantage of the lag control. It was decided to omit the derivate part which could lead to instability caused by the long delay observed between the applied oxygen flow and the response detected by the DO probe. Applying the lag control method resulted in a highly satisfactory DO control. In this system, the oxygen microbubbles were almost completely consumed before reaching the liquid surface as demonstrated by the absence of foam. So the oxygen flow used to maintain the DO gave an excellent indication of the cellular oxygen consumption. The control system was robust against all the perturbations of this system, i.e. cell growth, cell bleed, addition of air-saturated fresh medium, DO set point change and a second gas sparger used to strip out the carbon dioxide. The method was first tested with the sulphite oxidation method simulating the oxygen consumption with copper as catalyst to establish the PID parameters. Then the selected parameters were successfully used during cell cultivation. Following this, an adaptation of the method was done in order to avoid the sulphite oxidation method, which leaves copper traces in the bioreactor. This was successfully used in a 400 L bioreactor (wv) for the DO controller by continuous oxygen flow of microbbubles. The lag controller method was finally modified to tune the pH controller of the same 400 L bioreactor with control upward by alkali addition or downwards by pulsed carbon dioxide addition.
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| 2. |
- Burström, Lage, et al.
(författare)
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Daily text messages used as a method for assessing low back pain among workers
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0895-4356 .- 1878-5921. ; :70, s. 45-51
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To evaluate a method for collecting data concerning low back pain (LBP) using daily text messages and to characterize the reported LBP in terms of intensity, variability, and episodes.STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: We conducted a cohort study of LBP among workers used by a mining company. The participants were asked to answer the question "How much pain have you had in your lower back in the last 24 hours on a scale from 0 to 10, where 0 = no pain and 10 = the worst pain imaginable" once a day for 5 weeks, with this process being repeated 6 months later.RESULTS: A total of 121 workers participated in the first period of data collection, and 108 participated in the second period. The daily response rate was 93% for both periods, and cluster analysis was shown to be a feasible statistical method for clustering LBP into subgroups of low, medium, and high pain. The daily text messages method also worked well for assessing the episodic nature of LBP.CONCLUSION: We have demonstrated a method for repeatedly measuring of LBP using daily text messages. The data permitted clustering into subgroups and could be used to define episodes of LBP.
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| 3. |
- Kjellström, Barbro, et al.
(författare)
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Five year risk assessment and treatment patterns in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension
- 2022
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Ingår i: ESC Heart Failure. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2055-5822. ; 9:5, s. 3264-3274
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: Repeated risk assessments and treatment patterns over long time are sparsely studied in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH); thus, we aimed to investigate changes in risk status and treatment patterns in incident patients with CTEPH over a 5 year period.Methods and results: Descriptive and explorative study including 311 patients diagnosed with CTEPH 2008–2019 from the Swedish pulmonary hypertension registry, stratified by pulmonary endarterectomy surgery (PEA). Risk and PH-specific treatment were assessed in surgically treated (PEA) and medically treated (non-PEA) patients at diagnosis and up to 5 years follow-up. Data are presented as median (Q1–Q3), count or per cent. Prior to surgery, 63% in the PEA-group [n = 98, age 64 (51–71) years, 37% female] used PH-specific treatment and 20, 69, and 10% were assessed as low, intermediate or high risk, respectively. After 1 year post-surgery, 34% had no PH-specific treatment or follow-up visit registered despite being alive at 5 years. Of patients with a 5 year visit (n = 23), 46% were at low and 54% at intermediate risk, while 91% used PH-specific treatment. In the non-PEA group [n = 213, age 72 (65–77) years, 56% female], 28% were assessed as low, 61% as intermediate and 11% as high risk. All patients at high risk versus 50% at low risk used PH-specific treatment. The 1 year mortality was 6%, while the risk was unchanged in 57% of the patients; 14% improved from intermediate to low risk, and 1% from high to low risk. At 5 years, 27% had a registered visit and 28% had died. Of patients with a 5 year visit (n = 58), 38% were at low, 59% at intermediate and 1% at high risk, and 86% used PH-specific treatment.Conclusions: Risk status assessed pre-surgery did not foresee long-term post-PEA risk and pre-surgery PH-specific treatment did not foresee long-term post-PEA treatment. Medically treated CTEPH patients tend to remain at the same risk over time, suggesting a need for improved treatment strategies in this group.
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