| 1. |
- Schael, S, et al.
(författare)
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Precision electroweak measurements on the Z resonance
- 2006
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Ingår i: Physics Reports. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-1573 .- 1873-6270. ; 427:5-6, s. 257-454
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on the final electroweak measurements performed with data taken at the Z resonance by the experiments operating at the electron-positron colliders SLC and LEP. The data consist of 17 million Z decays accumulated by the ALEPH, DELPHI, L3 and OPAL experiments at LEP, and 600 thousand Z decays by the SLID experiment using a polarised beam at SLC. The measurements include cross-sections, forward-backward asymmetries and polarised asymmetries. The mass and width of the Z boson, m(Z) and Gamma(Z), and its couplings to fermions, for example the p parameter and the effective electroweak mixing angle for leptons, are precisely measured: m(Z) = 91.1875 +/- 0.0021 GeV, Gamma(Z) = 2.4952 +/- 0.0023 GeV, rho(l) = 1.0050 +/- 0.0010, sin(2)theta(eff)(lept) = 0.23153 +/- 0.00016. The number of light neutrino species is determined to be 2.9840 +/- 0.0082, in agreement with the three observed generations of fundamental fermions. The results are compared to the predictions of the Standard Model (SM). At the Z-pole, electroweak radiative corrections beyond the running of the QED and QCD coupling constants are observed with a significance of five standard deviations, and in agreement with the Standard Model. Of the many Z-pole measurements, the forward-backward asymmetry in b-quark production shows the largest difference with respect to its SM expectation, at the level of 2.8 standard deviations. Through radiative corrections evaluated in the framework of the Standard Model, the Z-pole data are also used to predict the mass of the top quark, m(t) = 173(+10)(+13) GeV, and the mass of the W boson, m(W) = 80.363 +/- 0.032 GeV. These indirect constraints are compared to the direct measurements, providing a stringent test of the SM. Using in addition the direct measurements of m(t) and m(W), the mass of the as yet unobserved SM Higgs boson is predicted with a relative uncertainty of about 50% and found to be less than 285 GeV at 95% confidence level. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
- Abramovitz, T, et al.
(författare)
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MONA LISA : Deep seismic investigations of the lithosphere in the southeastern North Sea
- 1997
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Ingår i: TECTONOPHYSICS. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0040-1951. ; 269:1-2, s. 1-19
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The MONA LISA collaborative project has collected 1112 km of seismic normal-incidence reflection data (recorded to 26 s) and wide-angle data from 26 onshore and 2 offshore locations along 4 profiles in the southeastern North Sea. The seismic data clearly
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- England, RW, et al.
(författare)
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Closure of the Tornquist sea: Constraints from MONA LISA deep seismic reflection data
- 1997
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Ingår i: GEOLOGY. - : GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA. - 0091-7613. ; 25:12, s. 1071-1074
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Deep seismic reflection profiles west of Denmark across the suture between Baltica and Eastern Avalonia reveal weak, southward-dipping reflectors within the crystalline basement. These reflectors are interpreted as thrusts resulting from emplacement of Ea
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| 5. |
- Erhardt, Leif RW, et al.
(författare)
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A global survey of physicians' perceptions on cholesterol management: the From The Heart study
- 2007
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Ingår i: International Journal of Clinical Practice. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1742-1241 .- 1368-5031. ; 61:7, s. 1078-1085
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: Guidelines for cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention cite high levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) as a major risk factor and recommend LDL-C goals for various risk groups. Lifestyle changes are advised as first-line treatment for patients with high cholesterol, and statins are recommended in high-risk patients. The From The Heart study investigated current practice for the diagnosis and treatment of high cholesterol, and attitudes towards management of the condition. Methods: Physicians were randomly selected from 10 countries, and completed a confidential, semi-structured questionnaire. Results: Of 2790 physicians agreeing to participate, 750 (27%) responded. Physicians rated CVD as the leading cause of death, although physicians (80%) perceived that cancer was the most feared illness among patients. Physicians (71%) believed smoking to be the greatest CVD risk factor, while only 50% thought high cholesterol was the greatest risk. Most physicians (81%) used guidelines to set cholesterol goals, primarily their national guidelines (34%) or the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines (24%). Although only 47% of patients reached and maintained their cholesterol goals, 61% of physicians believed that a sufficient number of patients achieved goals, and 53% did not feel frustrated that they could not always effectively treat patients with CVD. Conclusion: Results indicate discrepancies between guideline recommendations and clinical practice. Although physicians appreciate the risk of CVD, the importance of achieving healthy cholesterol levels for CVD prevention does not seem to be widely endorsed. There is a need for improved communication regarding the importance of cholesterol lowering and investigation of initiatives to improve goal achievement among physicians.
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| 6. |
- Erhardt, Leif RW, et al.
(författare)
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Cardiologists' awareness and perceptions of guidelines for chronic heart failure. The ADDress your Heart survey.
- 2008
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Ingår i: European Journal of Heart Failure. - : Wiley. - 1879-0844 .- 1388-9842. ; 10, s. 1020-1025
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Several surveys show that patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) are sub-optimally managed and treatment guidelines are not implemented in clinical practice. AIMS: To investigate awareness and perceptions of the 2005 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines for CHF. METHODS: 467 cardiologists from seven European countries completed an on-line interview using a validated, semi-structured questionnaire including questions about awareness and relevance of CHF guidelines. To assess agreement with ESC guidelines, three fictitious patient cases were presented and respondents' management choices compared with those of an expert panel based on the guidelines. RESULTS: Awareness of CHF guidelines was high, with 98% aware of any guideline and 65% aware of ESC guidelines. ESC guidelines were considered relevant (51%) or very relevant (38%) for guiding treatment decisions. Up to 92% of respondents perceived that they adhered to the ESC guidelines. For the patient cases,
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| 7. |
- Erhardt, Leif RW, et al.
(författare)
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Lipid management in cardiovascular disease prevention guidelines: Strategies and tactics for implementation.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Atherosclerosis. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1484 .- 0021-9150. ; 196:2, s. 532-541
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite the widespread dissemination of clinical practice guidelines on the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD), CVD causes one third of deaths worldwide and almost half of all deaths in the developed world. It is therefore likely that, although some aspects of CVD management have improved, there is still a significant shortfall between what is known about CVD prevention and what is put into action. Twenty-one experts in the field of CVD from around the world attended a focus panel meeting in Marlow-on-Thames, UK (see acknowledgements for a list of meeting participants). These experts were invited to discuss practical strategies and tactics for overcoming barriers to the implementation of guidelines on CVD prevention, and lipid management in particular. This article reviews and updates the key topics presented during the course of the meeting, captures the essence of the group discussions, and summarizes the meeting outcomes. The participants concluded that initial efforts to implement CVD prevention guidelines more effectively are best directed at high-risk patients who have already been identified. Once current patients achieve their targets, more attention can be paid to finding untreated patients at risk. Recommendations from the expert panel included: Harmonize guidelines; focus on common areas of consensus rather than state-of-the-art science Remove the boundary between primary and secondary prevention and focus on level of overall risk. Help policy makers understand the different components of CVD. Include professional societies from different specialties in guideline development and implementation, to increase ownership and decrease fragmentation of guideline committees. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Hobbs, F D Richard, et al.
(författare)
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The From The Heart study: a global survey of patient understanding of cholesterol management and cardiovascular risk, and physician-patient communication
- 2008
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Ingår i: Current Medical Research and Opinion. - 1473-4877. ; 24:5, s. 1267-1278
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. A high level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is a major CVD risk factor. Guidelines recommend effective cholesterol management and set LDL-C goals, yet deficiencies exist in physician implementation of these recommendations and in patient uptake of the advice. However, little is known of patient perceptions about CVD risk. Methods: Patients and physicians were randomly selected from ten countries to complete a confidential, semi-structured questionnaire. Results: Response rates were 27% (n = 750) for physicians and 83% (n = 1547) for patients, Patients believed cancer (43%) to be a greater cause of mortality than heart attack or stroke (34%). Despite 77% of patients claiming to be satisfied with information on high cholesterol, only 26% were aware that heart attack was a possible consequence, and only 35% of patients thought they had achieved their cholesterol goals. Virtually all physicians (99%) claimed to inform patients of their cholesterol level, while 18% of patients reported that they were not informed. Although patients and physicians were selected at random, limitations of this survey relate typically to the reliability of physician and patient responses and the possibility that the survey population may not represent the overall population. A broad range of patients' backgrounds and a high response rate (83%) suggest these effects would be minimal in the patient population. Conclusions: The From The Heart study has shown surprisingly poor knowledge of CVD risk amongst patients with elevated cholesterol. This may contribute to poor concordance with recommendations and treatment.
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| 10. |
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