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- Speakman, John R., et al.
(författare)
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Total daily energy expenditure has declined over the past three decades due to declining basal expenditure, not reduced activity expenditure
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature Metabolism. - : NATURE PORTFOLIO. - 2522-5812. ; 5:4, s. 579-588
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Obesity is caused by a prolonged positive energy balance(1,2). Whether reduced energy expenditure stemming from reduced activity levels contributes is debated(3,4). Here we show that in both sexes, total energy expenditure (TEE) adjusted for body composition and age declined since the late 1980s, while adjusted activity energy expenditure increased over time. We use the International Atomic Energy Agency Doubly Labelled Water database on energy expenditure of adults in the United States and Europe (n = 4,799) to explore patterns in total (TEE: n = 4,799), basal (BEE: n = 1,432) and physical activity energy expenditure (n = 1,432) over time. In males, adjusted BEE decreased significantly, but in females this did not reach significance. A larger dataset of basal metabolic rate (equivalent to BEE) measurements of 9,912 adults across 163 studies spanning 100 years replicates the decline in BEE in both sexes. We conclude that increasing obesity in the United States/Europe has probably not been fuelled by reduced physical activity leading to lowered TEE. We identify here a decline in adjusted BEE as a previously unrecognized factor.
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| 7. |
- Hoffman, Johan, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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The FEniCS project
- 2003
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The goal of the FEniCS project is to develop open-source software for the automation of Computational Mathematical Modeling (CMM). FEniCS is a joint project between the Toyota Technological Institute at Chicago, the University of Chicago, and Chalmers University of Technology. The vision of FEniCS is to set a new standard in CMM, which can be described as the Automation of CMM, towards the goals of generality, efficiency, and simplicity, concerning mathematical methodology, implementation, and application.
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| 9. |
- Clayton, Aled, et al.
(författare)
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Summary of the ISEV workshop on extracellular vesicles as disease biomarkers, held in Birmingham, UK, during December 2017
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Extracellular Vesicles. - : Wiley. - 2001-3078. ; 7
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group on behalf of The International Society for Extracellular Vesicles. This report summarises the presentations and activities of the ISEV Workshop on extracellular vesicle biomarkers held in Birmingham, UK during December 2017. Among the key messages was broad agreement about the importance of biospecimen science. Much greater attention needs to be paid towards the provenance of collected samples. The workshop also highlighted clear gaps in our knowledge about pre-analytical factors that alter extracellular vesicles (EVs). The future utility of certified standards for credentialing of instruments and software, to analyse EV and for tracking the influence of isolation steps on the structure and content of EVs were also discussed. Several example studies were presented, demonstrating the potential utility for EVs in disease diagnosis, prognosis, longitudinal serial testing and stratification of patients. The conclusion of the workshop was that more effort focused on pre-analytical issues and benchmarking of isolation methods is needed to strengthen collaborations and advance more effective biomarkers.
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